Workers who are entitled to a weekly holiday of at least 16 consecutive hours may be employed during this period for not more than one hour in the operations mentioned above, in the proportion of not more than one man per oven used in the bakehouse, and provided that these men shall have this time made up to them in the course of the week. These operations shall, moreover, be performed either at the beginning or the end of the uninterrupted holiday.

6. Upon the proposal of the Labour Council, the Minister of the Interior may provide that the regulations contained in §§4 and 5 relating to bakeries and confectionery businesses in the municipalities of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg shall apply equally to bakeries and confectionery businesses in the municipalities or parts of municipalities under the Copenhagen Departmental Council.

Moreover, the Minister of the Interior may, upon the proposal of the Municipal Council concerned, and after having ascertained the views of the Trade Associations of master and assistant bakers and confectioners, provide that the regulations contained in §5, paragraph 1, relating to uninterrupted holidays shall be extended to municipalities outside the jurisdiction of the Copenhagen Departmental Council.

7. Notwithstanding, upon notice being given to the competent Inspector of Factories, exceptions to the provisions of §§4 and 5 may be allowed in the case of assistants, journeymen and apprentices, not more than 15 times in any calendar year, when local circumstances, public holidays, popular gatherings, and the like render such exceptions necessary. The exceptions may be arranged in accordance with the wishes of the employer, but subject to the condition that an equivalent holiday be granted in the course of the week. The notification, to be valid, shall be handed in at the latest 48 hours after use has been made of such exceptions.

8. Within fourteen days after an employer shall have taken into his employ a child or young person whose employment is regulated by this Act, he shall obtain authoritative information as to his age and state of health. For this purpose the age of the child or young person shall be certified by a certificate of birth, and the employer shall be satisfied by examination by the public health officer or other authorised medical man that the physical development or state of health of the child or young person do not render the work which he is to undertake prejudicial to him. To estimate the physical development, the examination shall be directed to ascertaining in particular whether the height, weight and chest measurements are below the normal in persons of the same age. The medical certificate shall contain the requisite information upon this point.

The employer shall be responsible for the fees for the medical examination. and certificate. A copy of the birth certificate for use as indicated above shall in the first instance be supplied free of charge.

The fee for the medical examinations indicated in this section and for supply of the certificates shall be subject to regulations issued by the Minister of the Interior in accordance with §15 of Act 71, dated April 11, 1901.

9. In every establishment to which this Act applies a register shall be kept on which the duly authorised inspector may enter injunctions in pursuance of this Act or Act 71, dated April 11, 1901, or Act 56, dated April 12, 1889. In establishments which, in accordance with this Act, are liable to inspection, the employer shall keep an employment register in a form prescribed by the Minister of the Interior, taking into consideration the size of the establishment.

10. During the hours of work and meal-times, when these latter are taken at the place of employment, the male and female workers shall be kept separate as far as the nature of the work and the accommodation permit. It is incumbent, moreover, on the employer to ensure the observance of morality and decency upon his premises.

No female worker shall be employed in any kind of labour included under this Act for the four weeks following directly upon confinement, unless a medical certificate be produced to the effect that neither her health nor that of her child will suffer thereby.

Assistance allowed from the public funds during the period when, in accordance with the above regulations, a woman may not resume work, shall not be considered as ordinary poor relief.

12. Upon the report of the Labour Council, the Minister of the Interior may issue an order as to the conditions which must be fulfilled by bakeries and confectionery businesses as regards size, equipment, management, lighting, heating and ventilation, as well as order and cleanliness in the premises where the goods are manufactured and the workpeople take their meals and rest. As regards bakeries already in existence, the order shall specify how far the conditions shall apply in part or as a whole to such establishments; provided that such changes shall not be prescribed as shall entail fundamental alteration in construction except in the event of radical alterations in the conduct of the particular business.

In the preparation of the said Order, account shall be taken of the conditions of work peculiar to the bakery trade. Before the regulations are enacted, the Minister of the Interior shall give opportunity to the central committees of the trade associations, designated in §13 of the Act, to express their views on the subject.

13. For the discussion of questions which concern inter alia establishments included under this Act there shall be added to the Labour Council one master and one assistant baker who, together with substitutes, shall be chosen by the Minister of the Interior for a period of six years. The Central Guild of Danish Bakers and the Federation of Assistant Bakers and Confectioners shall have the right to nominate, the former three master bakers, and the latter three bakers' assistants for each of the places to be filled by the Council, and the Minister of the Interior shall select from among these nominees.

14. An extract which has been authorised by the Minister of the Interior from the provisions of this Act, as well as an extract from the Orders issued for the execution of these provisions, and of the special regulations for each establishment, shall be posted up in workrooms to which this Act applies, in a place easily accessible to all the workpeople, together with the names and addresses of the local inspectors.

15. Every principal who shall employ a worker in contravention of the provisions of this Act shall be liable to a penalty of from 10 to 200 crowns for each person illegally employed. The same penalty shall be attached to omission to make the declaration prescribed in §2, and to other infringements of the provisions of the Act which would entail a higher penalty at common law. Notwithstanding, in the case of a first offence, a caution may be held to suffice..

16. In the event of a child being employed contrary to the provisions of this Act, the parents or other persons having care of the child shall be liable to a fine of from 4 to 20 crowns, if it be proved that the child has been thus illegally employed with their knowledge and consent.

17. Proceedings instituted on account of violations of this Act, for which a fine only may be imposed as penalty, shall be treated as police court.

summonses, provided that such summons shall not be dismissed unheard without the consent of the chief inspector of the Labour and Factory Depart

ment.

18. All fines imposed in accordance with the preceding regulations shall be paid into the funds of the municipalities concerned.

19. Violations of the regulations contained in the Order issued in pursuance of §12 shall be punishable by fines of from 1 to 100 crowns, and shall be treated as ordinary police court cases in accordance with the §17 of this Act. The fines to be paid into the funds of the municipality concerned.

20. For the purpose of enforcing this Act, a clerk may be appointed under the Labour and Factory Department at a salary of 2,000 crowns per annum, with an increase of 200 crowns every fourth year to a maximum of 2,500 crowns per annum. This clerk, who shall hold his appointment under the Minister of the Interior, shall be entitled to a pension after nineteen years' service upon the terms of the Pension Act of January 9, 1851. Exchange from the post of clerk to that of inspector under the Labour and Factory Department, or vice versa, shall not entail forfeiture of the right to increments or pension attached to the years of service in the former capacity.

In addition, the Minister of the Interior may appoint under the Labour and Factory Department not more than two inspector's assistants (men or women) at a salary of 1,600 crowns per annum, with an increment of 200 crowns every fourth year to a maximum of 2,000 crowns. The inspector's assistants shall hold their appointments under the Minister of the Interior; their number may be augmented under the Annual Supply Bill.

Upon recommendation of the Chief Inspector of Factories, the Minister of the Interior may, in addition, allow one or more inspectors under the Department a grant not exceeding 200 crowns each to permit of additional clerical assistance.

21. This Act, which shall not apply to the Faroe Islands, shall come into force three months after its publication in the Official Gazette, and from the same date all provisions of former Acts which are not in accordance with this Act are hereby repealed.

From the date of the coming into force of this Act, §7, paragraph 1, of Act 39, dated March 30, 1889, relating to apprentices, shall be amended to the effect that the hours of work for apprentices under 18 years of age articled to such trades as are included under this Act shall in future be regulated in accordance with the provisions thereof.

22. A draft for the revision of this Act shall be laid before the ordinary Session of the Legislature in 1910 at latest.

V. Spain

1. Real orden sobre aplicacion de la ley del descanso en domingo a la industria del papel, 17 de Abril de 1906.

1. Royal decree relating to the application of the Sunday Rest Act to the paper trade. April 17, 1906. (B.d.I.d.R.S., III., p. 894.)

2. Real orden aclarando el regimen del descanso en domingo en lo que se refiere a ferias y mercados, 12 de Mayo de 1906.

2. Royal decree defining the Sunday Rest Act as regards its application to fairs and markets. May 12, 1906. (B.d.I.d.R.S., III., p. 896.)

I.

VI. France

(4) LAWS.

1. Loi du 12 avril 1906 étendant à toutes les exploitations commerciales les dispositions de la loi du 9 avril 1898 sur les accidents du travail.

1. Act of April 12, 1906, extending the provisions of the Act of April 9, 1898, to all commercial undertakings.

I. Existing legislation relating to liability for accidents due to employment is extended to all commercial undertakings.

2. From the date of the publication of the decree provided for in Section 4, and during the three following months, contracts of insurance against accident entered into previous to the said publication for undertakings contemplated in Section 1, and which do not provide against the risks contemplated by the Acts of April 9, 1898, March 22, 1902, and March 31, 1905, may be denounced by the insurer or the person insured.

The denunciation shall be effected either by means of a declaration at the insuring society's headquarters or at the office of its local agent, for which a receipt shall be given; by an extrajudicial act; or by the sending by post of a registered letter. The contract shall be held to be completely cancelled on the tenth day, at noon, reckoning from the day of making the declaration, giving notice of the extrajudicial act or posting the registered letter.

Arrears of premium shall only be claimed by the insurer in proportion to the period of insurance which has elapsed up to the day of cancelling the policy. Premiums paid in advance for insurances by contract shall only be retained by him, and that to an amount representing six months' risk at most, reckoning from the date of cancelling, if the contract has not been denounced by him ; the surplus shall be restored to the person insured.

3. Mixed contracts, by which the insurer engages, on the one hand, to guarantee the person insured against risk under the Act of 1898, if this should be declared applicable to his case, and, on the other hand, to guarantee him against civil liability, shall be wholly cancelled, if they have been denounced with the forms and within the period provided for in the preceding Section. But denunciation by the person insured shall be without legal effect if, within a week of this denunciation, the insurer serves him with a notice expressly guaranteeing him against the risks defined by the Acts of April 9, 1898, March 22, 1902, and March 31, 1905, without any increase of premium.

After the expiration of the period of three months fixed in the preceding Section, silence on the part of the two parties concerned shall suffice, without other formalities, to render the contract applicable to the risks defined by the Acts of April 9, 1898, March 22, 1902, and March 31, 1905.

4. The tax imposed by Section 25 of the Act of April 9, 1898, shall continue to be levied on all undertakings to which the said Act applies, including all workshops.

This tax shall be reduced to a centime and a half for exclusively commercial undertakings, including repairing yards and warehouses. A list of the said undertakings shall be issued during the six months allowed for publication of this Act, by decree, on the motion of the Minister of Commerce and the Finance Minister, after consultation with the Consultative Committee on Workmen's Accident Insurance. The list shall be submitted every five years to the legislature for approbation.

The rate of the tax specified in the preceding paragraph may be modified by similar decrees, within the limits of the maximum contemplated in Section 25 of the Act of April 9, 1898, or fixed by the Finance Act. These decrees shall be published in the Journal Officiel at least three months before the commencement of the inspection from the date of which the modification applies.

5. Undertakings regulated by the Act of April 9, 1898, and of June 30, 1899, which are not subjected to the patent-tax shall contribute to the guarantee fund in the following manner :—

There shall be levied annually upon each insurance contract a contribution of which the amount shall be fixed every five years by financial enactment in proportion to the premiums, and which shall be collected, together with the premiums, by the insurance society, the guarantee syndicate, or the National Society for Accident Insurance, which shall deposit it with the guarantee fund.

In the case of uninsured undertakers, a contribution, of which the amount shall be similarly fixed, shall be levied upon their estimated income, in proportion to the capital producing the said income. This contribution shall be collected, on behalf of the guarantee fund, by the officials of the RegistrarGeneral's office.

The method of deposit by the insurance societies, the guarantee syndicates or the syndicates of the National Fund for Workmen's Accident Insurance and of collection by the Registrar-General's officials, as well as all necessary measures for insuring the execution of the present article, shall be determined by a public administrative order.

Any contravention of this order shall be punished by a penalty of not less than one hundred or more than one thousand francs.

6. The Guarantee Syndicate contemplated in Section 24 of the Act of April 9, 1898, shall, in the case of industrial or commercial undertakings, consist of not less than five thousand insured workmen and ten associated employers, of which five must employ at least three hundred workmen, or else of two thousand insured workmen and three hundred associated employers, of which thirty must employ at least three workmen.

These syndicates shall be authorised by decrees issued by the State Council, after consultation with the consultative Committee on Workmen's Accident Insurance. They may receive authorisation by ministerial order, where their Statutes conform to the pattern approved by decree of the Council of State, issued after consultation with the above-mentioned Committee.

7. The conditions in which the present Act may be applied to Algeria and to the Colonies shall be determined by a public administrative order. This Act shall come into force three months after the publication of the decree alluded to in the second paragraph of Section 4.

2. Articles 18 et 19 de la loi du 19 avril 1906 sur la marine marchande.

2. Articles 18 and 19 of the Act of April 19, 1906, relating to the Merchant Service. (1)

(1) The Bill to regulate personnel and work on board merchant ships, which was adopted by the Chamber of Deputies on February 27, 1906, and sent up to the Senate on March 20, 1906, contains the following provisions respecting periods of work on board ship. 6. At sea, no member of the crew shall refuse to work, whatever the number of hours of work required of him.

Nevertheless, every hour of work required in excess of 12 hours for the deck hands and 8 hours for engine-men shall be paid for as overtime, at a rate equal to one eighth of the daily pay, except in cases where the safety of the ship or of her cargo is in question.