All flowing streams and natural water courses shall forever remain the property of the State for mining, irrigating, and manufacturing purposes.

The State capital is permanently located at Bismarck. Numerous public institutions are established and located. Amendments to the Constitution must receive a majority vote in two successive Legislatures, and be approved by a majority of the electors at a general election. The convention decided that the following prohibitory article should be submitted to a separate vote of the people:

No person, association, or corporation shall within this State manufacture for sale or gift any intoxicating liquors, and no person, association, or corporation shall import any of the same for sale or gift, or keep or sell or offer the same for sale or gift, barter, or trade as a beverage. The Legislative Assembly shall by law prescribe regulations for the enforcement of the provisions of this article, and shall thereby provide suitable penalties for the violation thereof.

A committee was appointed which met a similar committee from South Dakota, and agreed upon a division of the Territorial indebtedness, By this agreement North Dakota assumed the payment of all bonds issued in behalf of the public institutions or buildings located within its limits, as follows: Jamestown Insane Hospital bonds, $266,000; North Dakota University bonds, $96,700: Bismarck Penitentiary bonds, $93,600; Capitol-building warrants, $83,507.46; a total of $539,807.46. The State should receive from South Dakota $46,500 on account of excess of Territorial appropriations for permanent improvements, for one-half interest in the Territorial library, and for other claims, and it agreed to assume a stipulated share of existing Territorial liabilities not above mentioned. A basis for dividing the share of each State in the current receipts and expenditures of the Territory up to the date of admission was also agreed upon. These stipulations were ratified by the convention and embodied in the Constitution. Provision was also made by the convention for filling all State and local offices created by the

Constitution at the election in October.

Election.-Immediately after the constitutional convention completed its work, the canvass for the election of State officers was opened. A Republican State Convention was called to meet at Fargo on Aug. 22. This convention selected the following candidates: For Governor, John Miller; Lieutenant-Governor, Alfred Dickey; Secretary of State, John Flittie; Auditor, John P. Bray; Treasurer, L. E. Booker; Attorney-General, George F. Goodwin; Superintendent of Public Instruction. William Mitchell: Insurance Commissioner, A. L. Cary; Commissioner of Agriculture and Labor, H. T. Helgeson; Railroad Commissioners, F. S. Underhill, David Bartlett, George S. Montgomery; Justices of the Supreme Court, Guy C. H. Corliss, Alfred Wallin, and J. N. Bartholomew; Member of Congress, L. C. Hansbrough. The platform contained the following declarations:

That we fully and unreservedly recognize agriculture as the paramount material interest of North Dakota; that there should not and can not reasonably be any antagonism between this and the commercial, manufacturing, mechanical, or other interests, because all these are inseparably identified with the great central agricultural interest and dependent upon

its prosperity for their own success. We therefore declare it to be the duty, as it should be the pleasure, of all men who are placed in public position by the people of North Dakota to oppose every unjust encroachment of corporations or trusts upon the rights or interests of the farmers, and to so adininister to the Government in all its branches as will best conduce to the welfare, the prosperity, and the advancement of our agricultural people. That we are uncompromisingly in favor of the American system of protec tion by such properly regulated import duties upon protect the wages of our vast army of labor against foreign products as will stimulate every industry and the unfair competition of the serfs of Russia, rvots of India, the coolies of China, and the pauper labor of other nations.

The Republican party, viewing with unfeigned regret the growing evils of intemperance in our land, declares itself in sympathy with all well-directed efforts calculated to suppress the vice. We cordially approve the wisdom of the constitutional convention in providing for the submission to a vote of the people of the question of prohibition in accordance with the expressed wish of the organized temperance associations of North Dakota; and, in the event of its adoption by the people, pledge ourselves to a strict enforcement of the laws and to enact such legislation as may be necessary to that end.

The Democratic State Convention was called Governor, William N. Roach; Lieutenant-Govto meet at Fargo on Aug. 29. It nominated for ernor, S. K. McGinnis; Secretary of State, A. S. Lord; Attorney-General, T. R. Bangs; SuperFroslid; Auditor, P. Odegaard: Treasurer, C. D. intendent of Public Instruction, C. A. Kent; Insurance Commissioner, W. A. Fridley; CommisRailroad Commissioners, F. R. Wright, Peter sioner of Agriculture and Labor, J. R. Engberg; Cameron, John Ely; Justices of the Supreme Court, W. P. Miller, J. W. Gammons; Member of Congress, D. W. Maratta. A platform of Democratic principles was adopted.

As the election of the Republican candidates was a foregone conclusion, the interest in the canvass centered in the question whether the prohibitory article should be embodied in the tionists made an active canvass. Constitution, and for its adoption the ProhibiAt the election on Oct. 1 the proposed Constitution was adopted by a vote of 27,441 in its favor to 8,107 manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor reagainst it. The proposed article prohibiting the ceived 18,552 affirmative and 17,393 negative votes, or a majority of 1,159 votes in favor of its adoption. The entire Republican State ticket 365 votes and Roach 12,733; for Member of was elected. For Governor, Miller received 25,Congress, Hansbrough received 26.077 votes and dates obtained correspondingly large majorities. Maratta 12,006, The other Republican candielected as follow: Senate-Republicans 24, DemoMembers of the first State Legislature were crats 6; House-Republicans 56, Democrats 6.

The result of this election, duly canvassed as Provided by the admission act, was officially notified by the Territorial Governor to President Harrison, who on Nov. 3 issued his proclamation admitting North Dakota to the Union.

Legislative Session.-One of the first acts of Gov. Miller was to call the first meeting of the Legislature at Bismarck on Nov. 19. Its first duty was to choose two United States Senators. A caucus of Republican members on Nov. 19 nominated ex-Gov. Gilbert A. Pierce to fill

ing,

one of these offices by a vote of 50 to 17 scatterand on Nov. 20 he was chosen Senator by the following vote: Senate-Pierce 24, M. L. McCormack (the Democratic candidate) 6; House -Pierce 56, McCormack 6. For the second Senator the Republican caucus was unable to select a candidate, by reason of the large number of aspirants for the nomination. The contest was transferred to the joint session of the Legislature, after one ineffectual ballot in the two Houses separately, and ten ballots were there taken before a choice was reached. On the final ballot Lyman R. Casey received 62 votes, M. N. Johnson 16, and D. W. Maratta (Democrat) 4. Johnson was the leading candidate until the last ballot, and was once within four votes of election. The legislative work of the session had not been completed at the close of the year.

Finances. At the close of the year, the amount of cash received by the State Treasurer from the Territorial Treasurer was $57,513.41, of which $30,290.07 belonged to the general fund. The final settlement between the States of North and South Dakota, as provided by the report of the Joint Commission, had not been made, but it was estimated that North Dakota would have to assume $24,841.62 of the Territorial indebtedness, and in addition thereto her share of the unaudited outstanding bills against the Territory. These sums are payable out of the general fund, and will reduce it below $5,000. The receipts to be derived from the Territorial levy of this year are estimated at $271,898.55 and the expenditures for the fiscal year 1889-90 payable out of these receipts, are also estimated at $380,769.35. In addition, there is the bonded debt assumed by the State to the amount of $539,807.46. The Territorial tax rate for 1889 is three mills.

State Institutions.-In the year ending Nov. 1, the average number of prisoners at the Bismarck Penitentiary was 44, and the total number 67. The average per capita cost of maintaining the institution was $556.75. The Insane Hospital contained an average of 184 inmates, and the per capita cost was $460.95.

At the North Dakota University 199 students were enrolled during the year, the average being 125. For educating these students the State paid $228 per capita.

Agriculture. The following are the official returns of the acreage and yield of farm products in 1889 for the North Dakota counties: Wheat, 2,655,991 acres, 26,721,660 bushels; oats, 450,563 acres, 9,746,093 bushels; corn, 30,022 acres, 1,000,175 bushels; barley, 128,631 acres, 2,760,902 bushels; potatoes, 16,119 acres, 1,401,130 bushels.

Capitol.-The Capitol building at Bismarck, although incomplete, will be adequate for the needs of the State for some time. Up to April 1 of this year, the expenditures for construction had been $222,356.46. Of this sum $100,000 was given by citizens of Bismarck, $38,849 was derived from Capitol lots sold, and $83,507.46 represents the construction debt incurred.

Irrigation.-A State convention containing about one hundred delegates, met at Grand Forks, on Nov. 12, to give expression to the desire of the people for Federal aid in solving the irrigation problem. It adopted a series of reso

lutions and a memorial to Congress. (See article IRRIGATION, in this volume.)

(See DAKOTA and SOUTH DAKOTA.) NOVA SCOTIA. There were no changes in the Nova Scotia government in 1889.

Trade. The imports of Nova Scotia during the year ending June 30, 1889, were valued at $9,235,554; the exports at $8,832,281; giving a total trade with all countries, exclusive of the other Canadian provinces, of $18,067,835. This trade was divided as follows: Exports to Great Britain. $2,011,982; imports from Great Britain, $4,022,007; total, $6,033,989; exports to the United States, $2,729,547; imports from the United States, $2,848,077; total, $5,577,624; exports to the West Indies. $2,580,575; imports from the West Indies, $1,429,580; total, $4,010,155. The trade of the province with other countries than those named did not reach $1,000,000 in any case.

The Nictaux and Atlantic Railway from Middleton, Annapolis County, to Lunenburg, on the Atlantic seaboard, seventy-five miles, was opened for traffic during the year.

Ship Railway. An important work was begun in Nova Scotia in 1889-a ship railway to unite the Bay of Fundy with Northumberland Strait. The distance between these two bodies of water is fourteen miles, and the plan is to build a railway that will take vessels from the water on the one side and transport them to the water on the other side without breaking cargo. This ship-railway scheme has been substituted for that of a ship canal across the isthmus, which was projected more than sixty years since. Much discussion on the project has taken place within that period. From this, the weight of opinion of most eminent engineers has been to the effect that, although the construction of a canal presented no serious obstacles, the operating of it would be beset with difficulties, if not quite impracticable, owing mainly to the peculiar character of the Bay of Fundy tides-their violence and immense mud deposits. The Dominion Government has given an annual subsidy in aid of the project, and work is well advanced.

Legislation. The principal acts passed by the Legislature in the session of 1889 were:

A franchise act, under which the following persons are entitled to vote: Persons assessed on real propand personal property together to the value of $300, erty to the value of $150, or personal property or real or a tenant of real property of the value of $150; the sons of persons having the above-named qualifications, provided the father has sufficient property to qualify more than one voter, and provided the son resides with his father; the son of a widow having property sufficient to qualify a voter, provided he resides with her; a person having an annual income of $150. Every person, in order to vote, must be a of $250; a fisherman with fishing-gear of the value male British subject, twenty-one years of age.

Making important amendments in the TownsIncorporation act.

Amending and consolidating the laws relating to the county courts.

of schools of instruction for miners.

Authorizing the establishment by the Government

To encourage the formation of mutual-relief socicties by miners, by authorizing the Government to contribute from the royalty on mines toward their

support.

Alexandre, Francis, shipping merchant, born in the Isie of Jersey, Aug. 5, 1808; died in New York city, June 8, 1889. He went to sea when thirteen years old, and when twenty-one was placed in command of a ship. Seven years later he settled in New York city. In the mean time he applied his spare time to reading and attended night school when his vessel was in port. He established himself in the commission business, and soon afterward established a line of sailing vessels between New York and Honduras. This proving successful. he supplemented it with one between New York and Vera Cruz, and managed both lines till 1867, when he sold his sailing vessels and established a line of steamships between New York city and Havana and Mexico. These vessels carried the mails for seventeen years. In 1888 Mr Alexandre retired in favor of his three sons. He was a director and President of the Pacific Mail Steamshlp Company for many years.

Allen, Horatio, civil engineer, born in Schenectady, N. Y., May 10, 1802; died in Montrose, N. J., Dec. 31, 1889. He was graduated at Columbia College in 1823; entered the service of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company as civil engineer, and in 1826, when the news of the success of George Stephenson's locomotive reached the United States, he was sent to England to study the new motive power and to purchase three locomotives. He bought two from Stephenson and one from Foster, Rastrick & Co., and in August, 1829, they were shipped to Honesdale, Pa., then the end of the company's railroad line. The rails of this road were of hemlock timbers bearing bars of roll iron 24 inches wide and 1 inch thick, and the locomotive had a truck device to keep it on the rails. In spite of prophecies of failure and the inability to secure an engineer, Mr. Allen got up steam himself, and on Aug. 9, 1829, successfully ran the "Stourbridge Lion" over the three-mile strip of track and back again, that being the first locomotive trip in America. In the following month he became chief engineer of the South Carolina Railroad. He remained in South Carolina several years, and after his return to New York became principal assistant engineer of the Croton Acqueduct, member of the Board of Water Commissioners in 1842, a proprietor of the Novelty Iron Works in 1844, consulting engineer and president of the Erie Railway, and consulting engineer of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge. He invented the four-wheeled truck for passenger cars, the paper railroad car-wheel, and a cut-off for steam engines.

Allen, Nathan, physician, born in Princeton, Mass., April 25, 1813; died in Lowell, Mass., Jan. 1, 1889. He was graduated at Amherst College in 1836, and at the Pennsylvania Medical School in 1841, and began practice in Lowell. He was elected a trustee of Amherst College in 1856, and aided largely in establishing the department of physical culture there. In 1864 he was appointed a member of the Massachusetts State Board of Charities; served by successive reappointments till 1880, was frequently chairman, and in 1872 was appointed a delegate to the international congress that met in London and discussed reforms in correctional institutions. He received the degree of LL. D. from Amherst College in 1873. His published works include: "The Opium Trade" (1853): "Important Medical Problems" (1874); "State Medicine and Insanity" (1876); "Normal Standard of Women for Propagation" (1876); and "Physical Development" (1888).

Allibone, Samuel Austin, bibliographer, born in Philadelphia, Pa., April 17, 1816; died in Lucerne, Switzerland, Sept 2, 1889. He was educated for mercan

his

tile pursuits and conducted an extensive business till 1853, when he began to apply himself wholly to the execution of a literary project he had formed early in life. In 1854 he published the first of three volumes of Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors," and in 1871 brought out the remaining volumes. In these octavo volumes of more than 1,000 pages each, he gave biographical and critical notices of

46,499 authors. While this work was in preparation he published "A Review by a Layman of a Work entitled New Themes for the Protestant Clergy?" (Philadelphia, 1852); "New Themes condemned " (1853);An Alphabetical Index to the New Testament" (1868); and "The Union Bible Companion" (1871). He likewise made selections of 13,600 passages from 550 authors, and classified them under 435 subjects for his "Poetica! Quotations from Chaucer to Tennyson " (1873), and compiled the greater part of the 8,810 quotations from 544 authors, classified under 571 subjects, contained in his "Prose Quotations from Socrates to Macaulay " (1876). He indexed the "Orations and Speeches of Edward Everett" (1850'59); and the "Life and Letters of Washington Irving" (1861-'64); published "Explanatory Questions on the Gospels and the Acts" (1869); contributed numerous articles to periodicals; wrote tracts and religious essays; and was book editor and corre sponding secretary of the "American Sunday-School Union" from 1867 till 1873. After an interval of four years he resumed his office with the "Sunday-School Union," and held it till 1879, when he was appointed librarian of the Lenox Library, New York city, with which he remained until his death.

Anderson, Adna, engineer, born in Ridgeway, Orleans County, N. Y., in 1827; died in Philadelphia, Pa., May 14, 1889. He studied civil engineering, and was employed first as an assistant engineer in the construction of the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad in 1847. From this road he went to the Connecticut River, and then the Mobile and Ohio road, and in 1850 was first employed as a regular engineer on the Michigan Southern Railroad. During the next ten years he was chief engineer of the Tennessee and Alabama road, superintendent of the Central Southern, connected with the Hender-on and Nashville, and receiver of the Edgefield and Kentucky. At the outbreak of the civil war he offered his services to the National Government, and his large engineering experience led to his assignment to the military railroad construction corps. He served from June, 1862, till February, 1863, with the Army of the Potomac; during 1863 he was chief engineer of the military railroads in Virginia; in 1864 he was in charge of the military railroads in Mississippi; and from November, 1864, till the close of the war he bed the office of chief superintendent and engineer of the

military railroads of the United States. In 1867 he was appointed engineer of the projected railroad bridge at St. Louis, Mo., and he was subsequently chief engineer of the Kansas and Pacific Railroad, general manager of the Toledo, Wabash, and Western, president of the Lafayette and Bloomington, and receiver of the Chicago, Danville and Vincennes road. In 1880 he became engineer-in-chief of the Northern Pacific Railroad, and after the completion of that road he remained with the company as honorary vice-president till about a year before his death, when illness from overwork obliged him to retire.

Arms, William, physician and clergyman, born in Wilmington, Vt. May 18, 1802; died in Du Quoin, Ill., June 21, 1889. He was graduated at Amherst College in 1830, and at Andover Theological Seminary in 1833, was ordained in Boston, and with Dr. Coan sent on a missionary exploring tour to Patagonia. He was unable to establish a mission there, and returned to the United States. In 1835 he set out with his wife on a missionary trip to Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. At Singapore his wife died, and he was further detained by the efforts to obtain permission of the Government to establish missions. He therefore went direct to Borneo, labored several years among the natives as a physician and clergyman, and retired when it was deemed best to place the mission under the control of the Dutch Government. In 1848 he returned to the United States, preached and practiced medicine in Wisconsin in 1849-'59, and passed the remainder of his life in southern Illinois, employed in fruit-raising.

Ashburner, Charles Albert, geologist, born in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 9, 1854; died in Pittsburg, Pa., Dec. 24, 1889. He was graduated at the scientific department of the University at Pennsylvania in 1874, as a civil engineer, standing first in his class. In 1872 he was one of the party that made the survey of Delaware river, and on graduating he at once entered the light-house survey service. On the organization of the second geological survey of Pennsylvania in 1874, he was appointed an assistant and assigned to the surveys of Juniata and Mifflin counties. A year later he became assistant State Geologist and had charge of the works in Cameron, Elk, Forest, and McKean counties. In 1880 he was made geologist with charge of the survey of the anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania, where he originated a method of surveying and representing the geology of that great coal-bed, which received the approbation of mining engineers both in this country and abroad. The ability and skill with which this undertaking was performed led to his being appointed in 1885 geologist in charge of all the office and field work of the survey. Meanwhile he made a careful study of the natural-gas fields, and was an accepted authority on that subject. In the autumn of 1886 he resigned from the survey and entered upon private practice as an expert. He was actively engaged with the Fuel-Gas and Electric Engineering Company of Pittsburg, and was closely associated with the various interests in that direction controlled by George Westinghouse, with whom he organized the Duquesne (Arizona) Copper Company, becoming its general manager. The degree of Sc. D. was conferred upon him by the University of Pennsylvania in 1889, and he was a member of scientific societies, including the American Philosophical Society, the American Geological Society, and the American Institute of Mining Engineers, to whose proceedings he contributed papers. He also contributed to the scientific and technical journals, and prepared more than twenty of the reports of State geological survey.

Atwood, David, journalist, born in Bedford, N. H., in 1815; died in Madison, Wis., Dec. 11, 1889. He was apprenticed to the printer's trade in 1830, removed to Wisconsin and became connected with the Madison "Express" in 1847, was soon afterward appointed editor and manager of the paper, and left it in 1852 to establish the State Journal," with which he remained until his death. He was a member of the

State Legislature in 1861, United States assessor in 1862-'67, Mayor of Madison in 1868, and on Feb. 15, 1870, was elected representative in Congress as a Republican to fill a vacancy.

Averill, John T., manufacturer, born in Alna, Me., March 1, 1825; died in St. Paul, Minn., Oct. 4, 1889. He was graduated at the Maine Wesleyan University, removed to Minnesota, and engaged in manufacturing; was a State Senator in 1858-'59; entered the national service in August, 1862, as lieutenant colonel of the Sixth Minnesota Infantry, served through the war, and reached the rank of brigadier-general; and was elected Representative in Congress as a Republican in 1870 and 1872.

Babbitt, Benjamin Talbot, manufacturer, born in Westmoreland, N. Y., in 1811; died in New York city, Oct. 20, 1889. He was brought up on a farm, but abandoned it at the first opportunity for mechancal employment, in which he gave evidence of considerable inventive genius. His first patent was for a thrashing machine, and his second for the first mowing machine ever made. In 1843 he began manufacturing saleratus from soda ash, as a substitute for the pearlash previously used, and subsequently he established a soap manufactory in New York. In order to cheapen the cost of production, he set up a machine and foundry plant in Whitesboro' N. Y., at a cost of $600,000, and there made machinery for use in his factories. He invented a steam canal boat, a rotary steam engine without piston, cylinder, or valves, and a combined steam generator, condenser, and heater.

Baker, Alfred, painter, born in New York city in 1824; died there, Feb. 26, 1889. In 1854, while a reporter on the "New York Herald," he suggested to the chief engineer of the fire department that the causes of large and mysterious fires should be sought systematically. The suggestion was approved by the chief and the police justices to whom he referred it, and Mr. Baker was appointed the first fire marshal of the city without pay. Within a year he demonstrated the usefulness of the office so clearly that the insurance companies contributed a fund for his compensation. He held this office till 1868, when the Legislature made it a part of the city government, and on retiring applied himself to portrait painting, which he had learned without a teacher. became successful, and was employed until his death. Among his best portraits was one of George Walling, ex-superintendent of the police department.

In this he

Baker, Peter Carpenter, publisher, born in North Hempstead, N. Y., March 22, 1822; died in New York city, May 19, 1889. He removed to New York city when a boy, was educated in Harlem Academy, entered a book store and learned the printing and publishing trades, and in 1850 joined Daniel Godwin in establishing the law publishing firm of Baker & Godwin. He remained with this firm till 1865, when he founded the firm of Baker, Voorhis & Co., which is still in existence. Mr. Baker published the "Steam Press" periodical during the civil war, in aid of the national cause. He was a founder of the Metropolitan Literary Association, the Eclectic Club, and the Typotheta; was a member of the Sons of the Revolution and the Union League and Lotus Clubs; an originator and chairman of the committee on erecting the statue of Benjamin Franklin in Printing-House Square. He was active in charitable enterprises, particularly in promoting the Hahnemann Hospital; and he wrote numerous addresses and monographs, including "European Recollections" (1861), and “Franklin" (1865).

Barbour, Oliver Lorenzo, lawyer, born in Cambridge, Washington County, N. Y., July 12, 1811; died in Saratoga, N. Y., Dec. 17, 1889. He was graduated at Fredonia Academy in 1827; was admitted to the bar in 1832; and was reporter of the New York Court of Chancery in 1847-'49, and of the New York Supreme Court in 1848-76. His publications include: “Equity Digest" (4 vols., Springfield, 1836-'41); “Treatise on Criminal Law" (Albany, 1841; 3d ed., 2 vols., 1883); "Treatise on the Law of Set-Off" (1841);

66

"Treatise on the Practice of the Court of Chancery" (2 vols., 1843; 2d ed., 3 vols., 1874-75); "Reports of Cases decided in the Supreme Court of the State of New York" (67 vols., 1848-76; Digest in 3 vols., 1880); A Summary of the Law of Parties to Actions at Law" (1864; 2d ed., 1884); and "Digest of New York Reports" (2 vols., 1887). He also brought out annotated editions of " Collyer on Partnership" (1838), Chitty on Bills" (1839), and Cowen's "Civil Jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace" (1844).

Barlow, Samuel Latham Mitchell, lawyer, born in Granville, Mass., June 5, 1826; died in Glen Cove, Long Island, N. Y., July 10, 1889. He received a publicschool education in New York city, served an apprenticeship as a law clerk and student, was admitted to the bar in 1849, began practicing by himself, and from the beginning of his legal career till its close endeavored to settle all cases in his charge privately out of court. He became a favorite with the leading business men of the city at that time, and so caine to have cases involving large interests. In 1852 he made a trip to Europe on behalf of an Illinois railroad, and received $50,000 for his services. A similar trip for the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad yielded him a like sum. At the close of the Franco-German War he received $25,000 for a half-hour's work on a case involving an American contract to supply the French Government with firearms to the value of $1,600,000, in which he was successful. Before he was thirty years old he was appointed umpire by the four great trunk railroads, then engaged in a ruinous war of rates, and his skill as a mediator was shown in his success in bringing about a reconciliation between Commodore Vanderbilt and William H. Aspinwall after they had long been waging a bitter war upon each other through their Nicaragua and Panama schemes. Each gave him $5,000 for accomplishing a settlement of their differences. His most noted case was that of the English stockholders of the Eric Railway against the Fisk-Gould management in 1871-'72. After the death of Fisk, in January, 1872, the railroad quarters in the Grand Opera House were carried by storm under direction of Mr. Barlow and held against Jay Gould as well as the processes of the court. A suit against Jay Gould for the recovery of $10,000,000 was compromised by his paying the McHenry stockholders $9,000,000. For his successful conduct of this case Mr. Barlow was elected a director in the new management, appointed counsel of the new board at a salary of $25,000 a year, and is reputed to have received $250,000 for his fee. For his earlier management of claims under the Mexican treaty he is said to have received more than $200,000. In 1852 he formed a partnership with George R. J. Bowdoin and Jeremiah Laroque, under the firm name of Bowdoin, Laroque, & Barlow. Mr. Laroque died in 1868, and Mr. Bowdoin in 1870. In 1870 Joseph Laroque entered the firm, in 1873 ex-Judge Shipman, in 1881 ex-Judge Choate, and subsequently Solomon Hanford; and at the time of Mr. Barlow's death it was styled Shipman, Barlow, Laroque & Choate. Mr. Barlow acquired a large fortune, was a stockholder in the "Sun" and "World" newspapers, and a Democrat in politics, but never held a political office. He possessed a rare collection of paintings, statuary, and bric-a-brac and one of the most valuable private libraries in the country, which was sold by auction in February, 1890, and brought $82,000. His widow, a daughter of Peter Townsend, died Oct. 21, 1889.

Barnum, William H., statesman, born in Boston Corners, Columbia County, N. Y., Sept. 17, 1818; died in Lime Rock, Conn., April 30, 1889. He received a public-school education, was apprenticed to the ironfounder's trade, and subsequently engaged in the manufacture of pig iron, car-wheels, and other articles in iron, in which he became wealthy. He was a member of the Connecticut Legislature in 1851-252; Democratic Representative in Congress from the Fourth Connecticut District in 1867-176; United States Senator, filling the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Orris S. Ferry, in 1876-179; delegate to the National

Democratic Conventions in 1868, '72, '76, '80, and '84, and chairman of the National Democratic Executive Committee in the canvass of 1880 and 1884.

Bartlett, Sidney, lawyer, born in Plymouth, Mass., Feb. 13, 1799; died in Boston, Mass., March 7, 1989. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1818, studied law, and made a specialty of corporation law. With the exception of a single term in the Legislature in 1851 and his service in the convention chosen to revise the State Constitution in 1853, he confined himself exclusively to the practice of his profession. He was for many years general or advisory counsel for large corporations, including the Union Pacific, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, and other railroad companies, and within two months of his death he made his last appearance in court in an argument for one of these.

Bass, Lyman Kidder, lawyer, born in Alden, N. Y., Nov. 13, 1836; died in New York city, May 11, 1889. He was graduated at Union College in 1856, and was admitted to the bar in Buffalo in 1858. From 1865 till 1872 he was district attorney, and then was elected Representative in Congress as a Republican. In 1874 he was re-elected. During this period he was member of the committees on railroads and canals, claims, expenditure in the War Department, and of the joint select committee to inquire into the affairs of the District of Columbia. In 1872 he formed a partnership with Wilson S. Bissell, to which Grover Cleveland was admitted in 1874, and in 1876 he retired from the firm on account of failing health and removed to Colarado Springs, where he became general counsel of the Denver and Rio Grande Kailroad Company. He made frequent journeys to Mexico for the Mexican National Railroad Company and other corporations, and conducted negotiations between American capitalists and the Mexican Government.

Beale, Joseph, physician, born in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 30, 1814: died there, Sept. 23, 1889. He was graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsyl vania in 1836, engaged in private practice one year, entered the United States navy as assistant surgeon in 1838, was appointed surgeon-general of the navy in December, 1873, and was retired in 1876 with the rank of commodore. During his career in the navy he was on sea duty seventeen years and one mouth, on shore or other duty sixteen years and seven months, and was unemployed four years and eight months.

Beard, Henry, artist, born in Ohio, in 1841; died in New York city, Nov. 19, 1889. He was a son of James Henry Beard and nephew of William Henry Beard, artists. He entered the national army in the early part of the civil war, and became a captain in the Thirtieth Missouri Volunteers. After the war he applied himself to painting, making a specialty of aninial life, and on removing to New York city about 1877 engaged chiefly in illustrating books and periodicals.

Beecher, William Henry, clergyman, born in East Hampton, Long Island, N. Y., Jan. 15, 1802; died in Chicago, Ill., June 23, 1889. He was the eldest brother of Henry Ward Beecher, was reared in Litchfield, Conn., studied theology with his father, was or dained in 1830, and filled his first pastorate in Newport, R. I. Early in his ministerial career his attention was directed to the cause of home mission work in the West, and in 1839 he removed to the Western Reserve in Ohio, under the auspices of the American Home Mission Society. He established and built the First Congregational Church in Toledo, spent several years in freeing from debt churches that had been organized by settlers from New England, co-operated actively with the abolition leaders, and remained in that field till 1857, when a desire to give his children better educational advantages induced him to accept a pastorate in Massachusetts. He filled various a pointments in that State till 1870, and then settled permanently in Chicago. Several years ago he was compelled by deafness to retire from pastoral work.

Biddle, William McFume, railroad official, born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 27, 1808; died in Carlisle, Pa., May 13, 1889. He was graduated at Princeton in 1827, soon afterward was appointed to an office in the