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tion over 16 years of age, consisted of data showing the number of people engaged in industrial activities; the number in each locality where schools are operating, over 16 years of age, who are incapacitated; the number engaged in each of the activities, showing the amount of money estimated as earned by them; the municipal officers in each of the native towns; the number of homes owned, boats owned, reindeer owned, number of gardens made, and miscellaneous. property; and the average income for each family in the community. The occupations shown by this survey are fishing, cannery work, reindeer herding, public works, mining, logging, trapping, fur farming, boat building, carpentering, native crafts, storekeeping, business enterprises, teaching, domestic work, guides, and several unclassified.

The second survey consisted of a detailed study showing the number of schools, pupils in each community, and where they were attending school, if in the local school system, in Territorial schools, industrial schools, or at some institution in the States. It also showed the total literate and illiterate native population, and the names of members of the local school boards. This year an effort is being made to have the native people, wherever Indian schools are located, elect a school board consisting of three members who will cooperate with the local teachers in securing progress for their children. This survey also showed the valuation of school property and gave each local representative an opportunity to estimate the needs of the community for the succeeding year.

The third survey was made to determine the number of new schools needed. The six district superintendents were furnished with a questionnaire, as were also the various teachers, the purpose of which was to secure detailed information concerning the actual needs for establishing schools and sufficient justification to warrant entering a request for the new schools in the estimates for the budget. Information from this survey warranted a request for 25 new station schools in none of which were there less than 25 children of school age.

It is the purpose of the administrative office to eventually secure schools for the natives of Alaska wherever 10 children are permanently residing. It is realized that several years will pass before schools can be secured for all the native communities, however, in the appropriation for 1930-31 new school buildings and improvements were allowed as follows:

The fourth survey dealt with matters of health and included data on the blind children in each community in the Territory. The survey showed 7 blind children between the ages of 6 and 14 in the Territory and 3 other blind children are being educated at the expense of the Government in an institution for the blind in the States. Plans were therefore made to open a school for the blind at Tanana in connection with the orphanage. A blind girl, Melba Call, unusually gifted to the extent that she is designated as the "Helen Keller of Alaska," has completed her course of training at the Perkins Institute, Boston, and was appointed as teacher.

Acute destitution in many native communities of the Territory became evident during the year. In order to relieve conditions, school lunches were served in several communities, and it is the plan to extend these lunches to other schools as long as funds are available.

The requirements of teachers in the Indian Service are on a par with the requirements of all regular school systems and consists of graduation from high school, with two years' normal-school training, or graduation from a college of recognized standing, with at least one year of successful teaching experience. The position of assistant teacher requires graduation from high school, with two years' normal-school training, and experience in practice teaching. At the present time these qualifications may be waived with reference to teachers who give instruction in domestic science, or in the various industries, or who are able to perform community welfare work, and also with reference to natives who are appointed as assistant teachers.

The salaries of principal teachers range from $1,800 to $2,040 per annum in the day schools, including transportation and traveling expenses from Seattle, Wash., to the station in Alaska. The salary also includes quarters, fuel, and light, but not subsistence.

Three industrial schools are now maintained by the Office of Indian Affairs. One is located at Eklutna on the Ålaska Railroad about 30 miles from Anchorage; the second is at Kanakanak, in Bristol Bay; and the third is at White Mountain, near Nome. At each of these industrial schools academic subjects, following regular courses of study, are taken up, but special emphasis is placed upon native arts.

It is well known that the natives of Alaska must be prepared to make a living in Alaska. They are especially apt in handwork. In the past there has been practically no market for articles made by the native people, however, the publicity given to the totems made for the Paris Exposition and to the totems at the Secretary of the Interior's office at Washington has created a desire for such art work, and we are in hopes a market will soon be available for the products made at the industrial schools as well as for those made in the native villages.

The girls at the industrial schools are taught sewing, both plain and fancy, cooking, and home making. At the Eklutna school two divisions of a 4-H Club have been organized. These clubs are valuable in training the girls in parliamentary procedure as well as carrying on various projects in rug making, moccasin and bead work, and fancy work of different types.

The boys at Eklutna have as part of their industrial work all the chores connected with the institution. They haul the coal and provisions, tend furnaces, repair and build equipment, do necessary electric work, slash and clear land, plow, plant garden crops, and catch, dry, and can fish for the winter food supply. Shop activities for the boys include both wood and metal work. As a part of the chores for boys they milk 6 cows, tend 110 laying hens, and care for 12 hogs.

At the White Mountain industrial school intensive work in carving ivory is now started. Raw ivory collected along the Arctic coast, which was formerly taken to Seattle and offered for sale, is now being sent to White Mountain, where the boys will make it up into hundreds of standard articles which are of common need by people outside of Alaska. Machinery has been installed for ivory work and the superintendent given a free hand to produce articles for which there will be a ready market. The girls at White Mountain have an equally interesting project, that of curing, tanning, and making articles from the reindeer fawn skins that will be readily demanded by the best retail trade in the States. Already certain large establishments in New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles have indicated an interest in Alaska native crafts and when such a market is opened up, the boys and girls graduating from our industrial schools will have established a permanent business.

The Kanakanak industrial school, due to its location, does not have the advantages of contacts and occupations as do the first two institutions, but in its own way this school is training the young people of the Bristol Bay section in the art of making a living.

The fourth industrial school, at Wrangell, is now under construction. It is not expected this institution will open for students until the summer of 1932, but when it is ready for use, the advanced pupils of southeastern Alaska will have the same advantages in learning trades as do those in the three other sections of the Territory.

With the exception of 24 pupils, 17 in the ninth grade, 4 in the tenth, and 3 in the eleventh, the total enrollment of 4,206 pupils is in the elementary grades. Eighty-one completed the eighth-grade work this spring, and for their final graduation tests were given the standard graduation examinations published by the Department of Research and Test Service, World Book Co. The results were entirely satisfactory considering that these standard examinations are made for all eighth-grade graduates throughout the United States. The teachers and pupils had every reason to be proud of their work.

Statistics of Alaska native school service for year ending June 30, 1931