(Witness: Wiley.) immediately close the doors. We have thermometers in there and the temperature is reported every day by the authorities of the cold storage establishment. We lease this place and they agree to take the temperature at the stated intervals; we also have our own thermometers, maximum and minimum, to verify the temperature. The CHAIRMAN. You are doing here what she does there? The CHAIRMAN. Why do you keep so many men here? able to take care of the experiments? Is not one Doctor WILEY. These men only work at intervals. We do not work on these experiments all the time; we have not the samples all the time. We withdraw the samples from time to time. The men working here work all the time constantly on other matters. The CHAIRMAN. Are they kept constantly employed? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. All the people are regular employees and they work all the time and are assigned to this work or that work. They are always ready. The CHAIRMAN. And you arrange the work so that they are kept occupied all the time? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; they are never idle for a moment. The CHAIRMAN. Give us the next case of a person engaged in private employment. By private employment I include all employment except that by the Government. Doctor WILEY. A. G. Woodman, of Boston. He has worked at a compensation of $6 per day. Doctor Woodman is a professor in the Boston Institute of Technology. We have in Boston a laboratory for the inspection of imported food products with a regular force. Now and then there is a very large influx of samples, which makes it quite impossible for our regular force to keep up with the work. Doctor Woodman is then called upon for assistance by the chief of our laboratory there to tide over this event. He works under the supervision of our regular chief of the laboratory at that place. The CHAIRMAN. Does this official report his time? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. He is only called in semioccasionally, because his compensation is only $114? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. Those are the only two people working for us on a per diem. Dr. A. W. Bitting, near the top of the page, is a professor in the Purdue University, at Lafayette, Ind. He has been employed at a regular salary of $55 a month. The CHAIRMAN. For five months? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. He gives to us only a part of the time each month. He works under my personal direction by letter. I do not, of course, direct him personally, but his work has been the study of the causes which produce the swelling of canned goods, the incipient decay, and the changes which take place therein. He has done very valuable service for us of the highest character. The CHAIRMAN. Is the time he renders continuous and consecutive! Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; he does work every month. The CHAIRMAN. During the whole month? Doctor WILEY. I do not suppose he works any one whole day, because he is a teacher in the university. The CHAIRMAN. Then how do you get at his compensation? (Witnesses: Wiley, Zappone.) Doctor WILEY. He reports every month the work that he does for us and we pay him by the month instead of by the piece, because in that case it would be quite impossible, I think, to give him the proper compensation. The CHAIRMAN. Does he report so many days in the month or a month in a lump sum? Doctor WILEY. Not the number of days. He reports to us the amount of work. He makes a monthly report. The CHAIRMAN. At the end of a month does he report a month's service? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. A whole month's service, but during that whole month he is occupied only part of the time? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. If he worked for us all the time his service would be worth at least as much as the pay of these special agents who are paid a large salary. We made his salary small so as to be sure it would never exceed the amount of service rendered to us. The CHAIRMAN. Sometimes more and sometimes less? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; sometimes more and sometimes less, but it is always enough to The CHAIRMAN (interrupting). How does it happen that he has only worked five months in the year? Does he not work all the year around? Doctor WILEY. He was only appointed for five months during this fiscal year. He did not begin until seven months of the year had passed. The CHAIRMAN. There were only five months that he could be paid? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. He still works for us this year on the same salary. The CHAIRMAN. And renders a bill per month? Doctor WILEY. He renders his report every month and is paid on a regular voucher. The CHAIRMAN. At the end of every month he renders a voucher for the month's service at $55? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. Mr. ZAPPONE. And certifies that he has performed that service. The CHAIRMAN. And he gives more or less of his time each month? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. You have no way of knowing whether it is more or less? Doctor WILEY. Except from the amount of work that he reports. We are perfectly satisfied that he earns his salary from the work itself. The CHAIRMAN. And you keep track of it for the purpose of being advised on that fact? Doctor WILEY. I do myself. He reports to me personally. The CHAIRMAN. What salary does he get as professor in the college? Doctor WILEY. Two thousand dollars. I will not be certain, but I think it is $2,000. I used to be in the same university, and I know what they pay. That is about the regular salary. The CHAIRMAN. So that practically gives him a salary of $2,660. (Witness: Wiley.) Doctor WILEY. I think in the work he did for us in the five months he threw more light on the causes of the decay and swelling than had ever been given before, and it is a practical matter to the canners. It is worth hundreds of thousands of dollars to them. The CHAIRMAN. You think you get full value? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; we get a great deal more than he gets out of it. The CHAIRMAN. Please tell us the next one. Doctor WILEY. Those are the only two persons employed in that way. The CHAIRMAN. That makes three that are so employed. Doctor WILEY. There is one other, William B. Alwood, employed for one month. We got him to make some special investigation of the cider factories, and paid him at the rate of $1,200 for a month's service. The CHAIRMAN. Is he now in the employ of the Government? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; he passed an examination and has been put on the regular roll, only during the last month. The CHAIRMAN. At what rate? Doctor WILEY. Two thousand dollars a year. He has now become a regular employee and gives his whole time. I speak only of the work specified in this report. The CHAIRMAN. You have no men in your Department, have you, that are on the rolls of any other bureau in the Department of Agriculture or any other Department of the Government? Doctor WILEY. No, sir; none whatever, to my knowledge. The CHAIRMAN. Has there ever been any? Doctor WILEY. Never to my knowledge. The CHAIRMAN. At any time? Doctor WILEY. I do not know of any at any time. I want to add that, as far as I know, that includes the five or six people who are getting salaries from us for part of the time and are working for other people a part of the time. We have, however, a large number of persons on our roll, quite a large number, who are employed in the service of the agricultural colleges and experiment stations of the country. The CHAIRMAN. At this point, just explain about that. You mean the State agricultural colleges and experiment stations? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. How many have you? Doctor WILEY. I think there are five or six. I will give you the names. William Frear, special agent, at $1,200 a year. He is a special agent and we pay him $1,200. He is also employed in the agricultural college and experiment station of Pennsylvania. The CHAIRMAN. What does he do as special agent? Doctor WILEY. He has charge of all the work that is done in the collecting and tabulating of data of the investigations relating to the establishment of standards of purity for food products, as authorized by Congress. The Secretary of Agriculture is specially authorized by the act to collaborate or call to his collaboration the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of this country. You will find it has been in the act for years. The official chemist, as Doctor Frear (Witness: Wiley.) is rated, collaborates with the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Secretary pays him for this collaboration $1,200 a year. The CHAIRMAN. Is he employed by the State Agricultural College of Pennsylvania? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. What compensation does he receive there? Doctor WILEY. I could not tell that; I do not know. It is a reasonable compensation. How much, I do not know. The CHAIRMAN. Approximately $1,500 or $2,000? Doctor WILEY. I should think it would reach at least $2,000, although I am not certain. The CHAIRMAN. I assume that he is a competent man? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; he is a very competent man. The CHAIRMAN. The man is designated by the head of the agricultural college as a proper man for the Secretary to use in connection with the work? Doctor WILEY. It is done with his knowledge and consent and approval. The CHAIRMAN. What does he do? Doctor WILEY. He is charged by direction of the Secretary of Agriculture with the general supervision of the work which the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists does for the Secretary looking to the establishment of standards of purity for food products. The CHAIRMAN. At Pennsylvania? Doctor WILEY. He does the work there. The work is general work all over the country. The CHAIRMAN. This man has charge of that general work all over the country? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; under the Secretary of Agriculture. The CHAIRMAN. What does that involve, simply executive work? Doctor WILEY. Executive work and an immense amount of correspondence. The collection of data and tabulation of data, being in constant touch with the other institutions of the country, the other colleges and other agricultural experiment stations. The CHAIRMAN. Where does he do that work? At the college in Pennsylvania? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Does he have stenographers and typewriters? · Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; but he pays them himself. That includes all the expenses of his office. The CHAIRMAN. Have you other men of a similar character in connection with other agricultural colleges? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; but they only serve at the time when this committee meets. The Secretary calls these people together about twice a year to advise him in regard to these matters. There are six other members of the committee besides Doctor Frear, and while they are meeting at the call of the Secretary he pays them $10 a day and their traveling expenses. The CHAIRMAN. That is while they are employed on the call of the Secretary? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. He pays them for the time occupied in traveling to and going from the meeting? (Witness: Wiley, Zappone.) Doctor WILEY. I am a member of the committee and get no compensation, and Doctor Frear is a member and gets nothing extra for his services, but the other six get $10 a day. The CHAIRMAN. Is that $10 a day while in attendance or $10 a day in going to and coming from the meeting? Doctor WILEY. Also for the time going to and coming from the meeting. The CHAIRMAN. That means $10 a day for the time they have to take from their business? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. Are there more men employed by the State agricultural colleges and experiment stations? Doctor WILEY. Dr. E. H. Jenkins is the director of agriculture of Kentucky. He is one of the members. Dr. M. A. Scovell, director of the experiment station in Kentucky, is another member. Prof. H. A. Weber, of Columbus, Ohio, is a professor in the agricultural college of the University of Ohio at Columbus. He is a member. Dr. Richard Fischer is chief chemist of the State dairy and food department of Wisconsin. He is another member. Dr. II. A. Barnard is chief chemist of the food and dairy department of Indiana. He is another member of this committee. And Dr. Elton Fulmer is chemist of the agricultural experiment station of Oregon. The CHAIRMAN. These gentlemen receive no compensation from the Government except when they are in convention under these circumstances for the purpose of discussing this general subject and comparing notes? Doctor WILEY. No, sir. The CHAIRMAN. That is hardly an employment by the Government; that is simply when their services are had by the Government for this purpose, they get pay for the service. Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; that is the condition. Mr. ZAPPONE. It is practically contract work. Doctor WILEY. Dr. William Frear, the first gentleman named, is the chairman of this committee, and he is commissioned by the Secretary to specially attend to this duty. The CHAIRMAN. Does he correspond with any other men than these six? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir; he corresponds with hundreds, and he tabulates all this information and gets it ready for the meetings of the committee. The CHAIRMAN. And whenever the committee gets together Doctor Frear is able to present in concrete shape the result of the work during the period since the last meeting? Doctor WILEY. Yes, sir. The CHAIRMAN. With the exception of those men have you any other men operating in connection with the agricultural stations in the various States? Doctor WILEY. No, sir. The CHAIRMAN. The Bureau of Animal Industry, if I remember correctly, has men operating in connection with the agricultural experiment stations to a certain extent? Doctor WILEY. That may be. I do not know. |