Trees removed on the individual basis shall be cut as nearly flush with the ground as practicable, without removing stumps, unless otherwise required by the special provisions.

201.04 Scalping. The Contractor shall scalp areas designated on the plans or as directed by the Engineer where excavation or embankment is to be made, except that mowed sod need not be removed where the embankment to be constructed is 4 feet (1.22 m) or more in height below subgrade elevation. Scalping shall include the removal of material such as brush, roots, sod, grass, residue of agricultural crops, sawdust, and decayed vegetable matter from the surface of the ground. 201.05 Hedge Removal. Hedges shall be pulled or grubbed in such a manner as to assure complete and permanent removal. Scattered hedge or shrubs not classified as hedge shall be removed as specified for hedge.

Method of Measurement

201.06 Measurement will be by one or more of the following alternative methods:

(a) Area basis.—The work to be paid for will be the number of acres and fractions thereof acceptably cleared and/or grubbed within the limits indicated on the plans or as may be adjusted in field staking by the Engineer. Areas not within the clearing and grubbing limits shown on the plans or not staked for clearing and grubbing will not be measured in acres.

Scalping will be measured in acres.

(b) Lump-sum basis.-When the bid schedule contains a clearing and grubbing lump sum item, no measurement of area will be made for such item.

(c) Linear basis.—When a linear unit quantity is shown on the bid schedule, the length will be measured along the construction centerline in stations or miles.

Measurement of hedge rows removed will be made horizontally in units of 100 linear feet (30.48 m) along the line of removal.

(d) Individual unit basis.-(Selective Clearing)

The diameter of trees will be measured at a height of 54 (standard timber practice) inches (1.37 m) above the ground. Trees less than 12 inches (305 mm) in diameter will not be measured for payment.

Stumps to be removed for specific payment will be measured by taking the average diameter at the cutoff. When the bid schedule indicates measurement of trees by individual unit basis, the units will be designated and measured in accordance with the following schedule of sizes:

Size of diameter at height of 40 inches (1.02 m) Over 12 inches (305 mm) to 36 inches (914 mm) Over 36 inches (0.914 m)

Pay it designa Small Large

When the bid schedule provides for payment for individual removals on the square foot basis, the quantity to be paid for will b summation of the number of square feet contained in the trunk are trees removed, measured at a height of 54 inches (1.37 m) above average ground line.

Basis of Payment

201.07 The accepted quantities of clearing and grubbing de mined as provided above will be paid for at the contract unit price follows:

(a) Area basis.—The quantities determined will be paid for at contract unit price bid per acre (4047 m2) respectively for each of particular pay items listed that appear in the bid schedule.

(b) Lump-sum basis.—When the bid schedule contains a lump s item, the lump sum price so bid will be paid and will be full comper tion for the estimated quantities shown in the contract.

(c) Linear basis.-When linear quantities are shown in the schedule, the quantities will be paid for at the contract unit price such items.

(d) Individual unit basis.-When individual unit quantities shown on the bid schedule, the accepted quantities will be paid for the contract price for the respective items.

(e) Exclusions.-When the bid schedule does not contain an es mated quantity or a lump sum item the work will not be paid directly, but will be considered as a subsidiary obligation of the Co tractor under other contract items.

No payment will be made for clearing and grubbing borrow pits, ca 2, as set out in subsection 203.03.

202.01 This work shall consist of the removal, wholly or in part, and satisfactory disposal of all buildings, fences, structures, old pavements, abandoned pipe lines, and any other obstructions which are not designated or permitted to remain, except for the obstructions to be removed and disposed of under other items in the contract. It shall also include the salvaging of designated materials and backfilling the resulting trenches, holes, and pits.

Construction Requirements

202.02 General. The Contractor shall perform the work described above, within and adjacent to the roadway, on Government land or easement, as shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer. All designated salvable material shall be removed, without unnecessary damage, in sections or pieces which may be readily transported, and shall be stored by the Contractor at specified places on the project or as otherwise shown in the special provisions. Perishable material shall be handled as designated in subsection 201.03. Nonperishable material may be disposed of outside the limits of view from the project with written permission of the property owner or whose property the material is placed. Copies of all agreements with property owners are to be furnished the Engineer. Basements or cavities left by structure removal shall be filled with acceptable material to the level of the surrounding ground and, if within the prism of construction, shall be compacted in accordance with subsection 203.19.

202.03 Removal of Bridges, Culverts, and Other Drainage Structures. Bridges, culverts, and other drainage structures in use by traffic shall not be removed until satisfactory arrangements have been made to accommodate traffic.

Unless otherwise provided, all existing culvert pipe shall be removed and disposed of as part of the excavation. However, the removal of existing culverts within embankment areas will be required only as necessary for the installation of new structures provided that no por

tion of any existing culvert abandoned shall be left within a dist equal to its diameter or 2 feet (610 mm), whichever is greater, fron bottom of the pavement structure or the embankment slope an ends broken down, crushed and sealed or plugged and sealed. culvert sections removed, which are not designated for stockpilin relaying shall become the property of the Contractor and be rem from the project or disposed of in a manner approved by the Engine Unless otherwise directed, the substructures of existing struct shall be removed down to the natural stream bottom and those p outside of a stream shall be removed down to at least one foot (305 1 below natural ground surface. Where such portions of existing st tures lie wholly or in part within the limits for a new structure, t shall be removed as necessary to accommodate the construction of proposed structure.

Steel bridges and wood bridges when specified to be salvaged s be carefully dismantled without damage. Steel members shall be ma marked, unless such match marking is waived by the Engineer. salvaged material shall be stored as specified in subsection 202.02. Structures designated to become the property of the Contractor s be removed from the right-of-way.

Blasting or other operations necessary for the removal of an exist structure or obstruction, which may damage new construction, shall completed prior to placing the new work, unless otherwise provided the special provisions.

When specified in the special provisions, all concrete removed wh is of suitable size for riprap and not needed for such use on the proje shall be stockpiled at locations shown on the plans or designated by t Engineer, for use by the Government.

202.04 Removal of Pipe, Other than Pipe Culverts. Unle otherwise provided, all pipe shall be carefully removed and eve precaution taken to avoid breaking or damaging the pipe. Pipes to relaid shall be removed and stored when necessary so that there will no loss or damage before re-laying. The Contractor shall replace se tions lost from storage or damaged by negligence, at his own expense

202.05 Removal of Pavement, Sidewalks, Curbs, etc. All co crete pavement, base course, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, etc., desi nated for removal, shall be:

(a) Broken into pieces and used for riprap on the project, or

(b) Broken into pieces, the volume of which shall not exceed 1 cub foot (0.028 m3) and stockpiled at designated locations on the project fo use by the Government, or:

(c) Otherwise disposed of as directed.

When specified, ballast, gravel, bituminous material or other surfac ing or pavement materials shall be removed and stockpiled as require in subsection 202.02; otherwise such materials shall be disposed of a directed.

There will be no separate payment for excavating for removal of structures and obstructions or for backfilling and compacting the remaining cavity.

Method of Measurement

202.06 When the contract stipulates that payment will be made for removal of obstructions on a lump sum basis, the pay item will include all structures and obstructions encountered within the roadway in accordance with the provisions of this section. Where the contract stipulates that payment will be made for the removal of specific items on a unit basis, measurement will be made by the unit stipulated in the contract.

The length of pipe removed will be measured in linear feet, computed by multiplying the number of pipe units removed by the commercial lengths of each pipe unit (exclusive of end connections) or by measuring in place prior to removal, if specified.

Whenever the bid schedule does not contain an item for any aforementioned removals, the work will not be paid for directly, but will be considered as a subsidiary obligation of the Contractor under other contract items.

Basis of Payment

202.07 The accepted quantities of removal of structures and obstructions, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit bid price or lump sum price bid, which price and payment will be full compensation for removing and disposing of the obstructions in accordance with the contract.

Specific obstruction items, including pipe removal, stipulated for removal and disposal under unit price pay items will be paid for at the contract unit price bid per unit specified in the contract which price will be full compensation for removal and disposal of such items, excavation and subsequent backfill incidental to their removal. The price will also include salvage of materials removed, their custody, preservation, storage on the right of way, and disposal as provided herein. Payment will be made under: