Lightweight Aggregate ConcreteIn spite of the increasing use and demand for lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), there is still a lack of adequate explanations to understand the mechanisms responsible for the strength and durability properties of LWAC. This book is written to give an overall picture of LWAC, from the historical background, aggregate production, proportioning and production of concrete, to applications in structures. Physical properties and chemical durability are described in detail. The physical properties include density, strength, shrinkage, and elasticity. Chemical durability includes resistance to acids, chloride ingress, carbonation, and freeze-thaw resistance. Fire resistance is also included, which is seldom considered, but is a very important aspect of the safety of the structure. Microstructure development and its relation to the durability properties of LWAC generally are not highlighted in the literature. The development of bonds, the microstructure with different binder systems, and different types of lightweight aggregates are explained. They show how lightweight aggregate concrete differs from normal weight concrete. The chapters on chloride ingress and freeze-thaw resistance are detailed because of the use of LWAC in offshore construction. The economical aspects of using LWAC are also reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that although the cost of LWAC is high, the total cost of construction has to be considered, including the cost of transport, reinforcement, etc. When these are considered then LWAC becomes cheaper and attractive. The life cycle cost of the concrete is another consideration for calculating long-term savings on maintenance costs. |
Contents
1 | |
5 | |
21 | |
Chapter 3 Supplementary Cementing Materials | 67 |
Chapter 4 Mix Proportioning | 91 |
Chapter 5 Production Techniques | 119 |
Chapter 6 Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Microstructure | 131 |
Chapter 7 Physical Properties of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete | 167 |
Chapter 8 Durability of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete to Chemical Attack | 231 |
Chapter 9 Fire Resistance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete | 291 |
Chapter 10 FreezeThaw Resistance of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete | 321 |
Chapter 11 Applications of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete | 369 |
Glossary | 401 |
409 | |
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Common terms and phrases
28 days acid aggre aggregate particles air void air-entraining agent binder blast furnace bond bulk density calcium hydroxide capillary carbonation depth cement content cement paste CEMOS coarse composition compressive strength cracks curing cycles damage decrease drying shrinkage effect elasticity expanded clay Figure fly ash freeze-thaw freezing High Strength Lightweight higher hydration increase interfacial zone Kristiansand Liapor lightweight aggregate concrete lightweight concrete low density lower LWAC Lytag material matrix microstructure mineral admixtures modulus mortar natural sand normal concrete normal weight concrete Norway palm oil palm oil shells particle density pellets perlite polymer pore structure porous portland cement pozzolanic pressure Proc properties pumice reduced reinforced rotary kiln samples saturated shown in Fig shown in Table silica fume sintered slag specimens Structural Lightweight Aggregate superplasticizers surface Swedish Leca Symp temperature tensile thermal conductivity volume water absorption water-to-cement ratio weight aggregate