Mr. HORAN. I do too.

Captain BRODERICK. It shows an increase in visitors, according to a recent survey, of between 25 and 30 percent over the last 5-year period. Mr. HORAN. Without objection it will be inserted in the record at this point.

(The matter referred to follows:)

ANALYSIS OF DUTIES OF THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL POLICE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY IN RELATION TO DUTIES AND COMPLEMENTS OF OTHER FEDERAL POLICE

COMPLEMENT AND GENERAL DUTIES

The United States Capitol Police force comprises a total of 157 men, at full strength, including 1 captain, 5 lieutenants, 3 special officers, 9 sergeants, and 139 privates. The attached table of organization lists salaries and includes the differential between the various pay grades. It should be noted that there exists little differential between the pay grades of lieutenant and sergeant, and sergeant and privates.

The general duties of the United States Capitol Police include the policing and protection of the Capitol Grounds, comprising an area of 131.1 acres. Located thereon and under their security is the Capitol Building, Old and New House Office Buildings, Senate Office Building, Capitol Power Plant, Botanical Gardens, two parking lots, and the streets adjacent to these buildings. They are responsible for the safety of the thousands of employees and Government officials contained within these buildings during the day and night, and for the security of the valuable property and documents stored therein.

SPECIAL DETAILS

In addition to their general duties, the Capitol Police force is responsible for the welfare and safety of the many thousands of visitors who journey to the Nation's Capitol. This includes the parking and protection of their automobiles and busses parked on the Capitol Grounds and on the adjacent streets.

Visitation of the general public to the Nation's Capitol has grown with leaps and bounds over the last 5-year period. A recent survey by transportation authorities of the travel agencies, railroads, and bus companies has indicated this travel increased between 25 and 30 percent over this period. The study credited the opening of the Pennsylvania and New Jersey Turnpikes and completion of connecting arteries of traffic, thereby giving greater accessibility to Washington on direct routes, for the tremendous influx of visitors from the nearby States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and the New England States. While we have had the influx of visitors and their accompanying vehicles in an already impacted area, we have not had an increase in the complement of the Capitol Police force to maintain the maximum security required for the Capitol Grounds and Buildings since 1948.

An illustration of the aforementioned influx is cited on Sunday, May 26, 1953 when two groups comprising more than 3,200 people, visited the Capitol for the purpose of having their photographs taken on the Capitol steps. These two groups then embarked on more than 70 large buses, which were parked on the Capitol Grounds, for a further tour of the area.

The services of the Capitol Police are called upon for many official special details, other than the general public, for parades passing the Capitol Plaza, ceremonies in the Capitol and on the Plaza, band concerts, assisting Members of Congress in escorting small and large groups, oftimes numbering as many as 500 persons, in tours through the Capitol, assisting in emergencies arising through accidents or illness, lost children and property and other contingencies.

Capitol Police records on file indicate no less than 45 of these special details were concluded during the period April 1 through May 25, 1953.

The annual summer band concerts, conducted on the Capitol Plaza 4 nights each week by the armed services during the months of June, July, and August, will begin on June 3, 1953. These band concerts attract no less than 5,000 persons on any given night and require an extra police detail for orderly maintenance. Open or public hearings conducted by the various committees of the House and Senate frequently require the services of a special detail of Capitol Police to maintain order. Due to the present complement of the force, it often becomes necessary to draw these men away from assigned posts in the Capitol Building

or on the Capitol Grounds to cover these assignments. The Congressional Record lists as many as 20 per day.

In order to cope with these special details and the tremendous influx of visitors and traffic on the Capitol Grounds, it has become necessary to transfer the greater proportion of officers to the daytime details, thereby reducing the nighttime details, and particularly the midnight to 8 a. m. details, to a bare minimum. This is not desirable and does not afford maximum security at all times.

It should be taken into consideration that the present complement of 157 men are not on active duty in any given 24-hour period, due to a percentage of men being absent due to official leave, sickness, or other emergencies.

The extended duties of the Capitol Police force under the present complement do not permit the new men the opportunity of attending a special police training school, such as the one conducted by the Metropolitan Police Department, as was done in 1948.

The position of the Capitol Police force is unique, in that it plays host and protector on many occasions to the President of the United States and the accredited representatives of foreign governments from all over the world. These occasions often require the entire services of the Capitol Police, and while it is true that in certain instances they are assisted by the Secret Service and other units, the bulk of the task falls upon the shoulders of the Capitol Police.

The attached data records that the Capitol Police, in addition to their many special details, engage in more specific police work than is generally known. The record shows that during the period of January 1 through December 31, 1952, 176 actual arrests were made on the Capitol Grounds, and during the period January 1 through April 30, 1953, 109 actual arrests were made. These arrests covered all types of crimes and misdemeanors, ranging from assaults with deadly weapons, robbery, apprehension of stolen cars and fugitives from justice, suspicion and investigation, mental cases, drunken driving, speeding and collision, to petty larceny, common drunkedness and disorderly conduct on the Capitol Grounds. These records do not include the many instances of prevention of disorderly conduct, vandalism, etc., which are handled efficiently and without making an arrest.

COMPARISON WITH OTHER FEDERAL POLICE

White House Police

The attached memoranda lists the complement of the White House Police force as 170 men, comprising 1 inspector, 1 captain, 5 lieutenants, 8 sergeants, 17 corporals, and 138 privates of assorted grades, all trained by the Metropolitan Police Department.

This force, assisted by the Secret Service, guards the President of the United States while he is in the White House, and is responsible for the security of one large building, the White House, and grounds all secured behind heavy metal fencing. This is a classified service and men under it are rewarded with yearly ingrade promotions with corresponding increase in annual salaries. Their pay grades, after reasonable period of service is substantially higher than the Capitol Police.

The public is excluded to only a small portion of the White House and the entire building and grounds are fully secured, excepting to only a few chosen important visitors and personnel, during the midafternoon.

National Capital Park Police

The National Capital Park Police consists of a complement of 209 men, comprising 1 chief, 1 captain, 4 lieutenants, 13 special officers, 14 sergeants, 5 corporals, and 159 privates. All men below the rank of lieutenant are in assorted grades and receive the benefit of yearly ingrade promotions with corresponding increases in salary.

This force maintains a special police training school, patterned after the Metropolitan Police Department.

The duties involve the protection of the buildings, exterior only, and grounds under the jurisdiction of the National Capital Park Service. Their patrols, mounted, cycle, and afoot, are spread over the Washington area and in some instances extend into Maryland and Virginia. The budget for this force is drawn twofold and is explained in the appendix attached to their table of organization.

34523-53-6

United States Supreme Court Police

The United States Supreme Court Police is comprised of a total of 33 men, including 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 5 sergeants, and 25 privates. All ranks below the grade of captain are the beneficiary of ingrade promotions with corresponding annual increases in salary under the classified service.

The duties of this force is confined to the security and protection of one building, the Supreme Court of the United States and its limited grounds. The building has few entrances and the general public and the practicing attorneys before the Court are excluded excepting for certain stipulated hours of the day and when the Court is in session. The building is generally secured by 4 p. m. until about 10 a. m. the following day, excepting Sundays.

Mr. HORAN. Thank you, gentlemen, for coming before us.

MONDAY, JUNE 8, 1953.

OFFICE OF THE POSTMASTER

WITNESS

BEECHER HESS, POSTMASTER, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Mr. HORAN. We are very much privileged to have the postmaster of Capitol Hill with us this morning.

Do you have a statement here for us?

Mr. HESS. Yes, Mr. Chairman.

My name is Beecher Hess. I live at 208 Massachusetts Avenue NE. I am the postmaster of the House of Representatives.

Mr. Chairman, the post office staff consists of the postmaster, the assistant postmaster, 3 money-order and registery clerks, 40 messengers, mail carriers, platform men, and 1 laborer.

The assistant postmaster devotes his time to assisting the postmaster in maintaining schedules, supervising personnel, and in general performing the duties of assistant regardless of hours or time required. His annual base pay is $3,080. His gross income per year is $5,462.04.

The money order and registery clerks work a minimum of 48 hours per week with the exception of the clerk in charge of the Capitol substation, and his hours are about 42 hours per week. The annual base pay of money order and registery clerks is $2,300. Their gross income is $4,219.32.

Since the money-order and registery clerks are responsible for money, stamps, money orders, registeries, and so forth, they are under a $7,000 bond each as required by the city post office.

The 40 messengers, mail carriers, platform men, and 1 truckdriver are subject to a 7-day week schedule. The base pay for messengers is $1,940. Their gross income is $3,645.72 per year.

The janitor is on a basis of $1,260 per year base and his gross is $2,674.68.

The messengers work schedule is as follows: 26 men work approximately 51 hours per week, reporting 7 days per week. The other 14 messengers are on a somewhat different schedule but average approximately 47 hours per week. It is obvious this work program is out of proportion to the accepted standards of employment.

This is particularly true in view of the fact that the workload and mail deliveries are increasing from week to week. Our best estimate is that mail incoming and outgoing through the various channels in

the House post office service is fully 20 percent greater in May than in January of the current year.

I have found no provision for sick leave which means that when an employee is off by reason of sickness or otherwise, his duties must be assumed by those on the job. This seems to be a precedent established sometime in the past for a 30-day vacation period. However, I am unable to find any rule or regulation pertaining to vacations.

At the present time the post office has two Chevrolet trucks which are used for pickup and distribution of mail, packages, and other general mailing service. There is no provision at this time for transportation to the bank, the city post office, or for other official purposes. For many years the postmaster was provided an automobile to meet these transportation needs. However, sometime previous to January 1 of this year the automobile was disposed of and now the postmaster finds it necessary to use his own car for said official use.

The post office is provided a fund of $1,940 a year known as a voucher fund. It is available for payment to substitute messengers and is not to exceed a daily rate of $5.38. It is impossible to get men to work for $5.38 a day. This low pay schedule makes our service more difficult when confronted with emergencies such as sickness, leave, vacation, and so forth. This pay schedule as presently provided by law is just one-half of the $10.74 that the employee gets at the present time. So it is obvious this creates a hardship in meeting these emergencies for which it was intended.

REQUEST FOR INCREASE IN NUMBER AND SALARIES OF PERSONNEL

In view of the facts, I make the following suggestions: First, that seven new men be added to the messenger force. This would enable us to so stagger the hours so that we can give them a Sunday off, perhaps 2 a month, and at the same time reduce the weekly hourly time schedule to around 44 hours per week which is 4 hours more than the accepted industrial basis of the 40 hours a week.

I find that under the present arrangement many of the men have not had a Sunday forenoon off in months. I am sure your committee will assist me in correcting that situation.

The workload is heavy and the volume of mail is increasing at a rapid rate. Perhaps this is due to the increasing population and to the increased interest taken in legislation pertaining to national issues. I foresee more and more mail. Certainly there are no signs of any letup in mail. Delivering the mail is a vital function on Capitol Hill and it is our purpose to serve the Members of Congress promptly and efficiently, hence my request for this added manpower.

Second, I suggest that the annual base pay for messengers be increased from $1,940 to at least $2,100. This would be comparable to the policemen's pay and would enable us to hold good men, and I believe it would tend to prevent the heavy turnover of employees in the post office department. It would also compensate somewhat for the unusual hours that the messengers' schedule requires, generally the following schedule previals: That of 6:30 a. m. in the morning until 2:30 p. m., Saturday schedule from 6:30 a. m. to 12 noon, and Sunday schedule from 6:30 a. m. to 10:30 a. m. It is my opinion that the morale and caliber of the men would be greatly

improved if they were on a comparable pay basis with certain other congressional forces.

Third, I suggest that the so-called voucher fund which is now on the basis of $1,940 per year be increased to $3,645 per year which is the gross amount paid to each messenger.

Fourth, I suggest that there be provided the sum of $600 per year for the hire of an automobile for the postmaster. This is in keeping with other departments of the Congress.

Fifth, I suggest that the assistant postmaster and money order and registry clerks and the laborer be given the same percentage increases in annual base pay as requested for the messengers in the above paragraph.

Sixth, I feel that the duties of the postmaster are important and that good postal service is vital to the Members of Congress. It requires continual supervision and careful attention to details. I deem it a position of great responsibility and will make every effort to maintain and improve the congressional mail service. Because of the responsibility and the importance of my office, I believe I am reasonable and fair in asking the committee to place me on a comparable salary basis with other elected officials of the House.

All employees of the post office department are selected by the personnel committee under the patronage system. We are now integrating new men into the service, but up until this time there has not been an oversupply of applicants for the jobs. A job in the post office means long hours and hard work. I insist that men comply with two requirements, namely, that they do their work and that they be courteous at all times.

I have found the post office force a capable, hard-working group of men. They have cooperated with me in working out certain changes which I believe will improve the mail service.

I trust the committee will give due consideration to the suggestions and recommendations contained herein.

That concludes my statement.

Mr. HORAN. I want to thank you for an excellent statement. Have you conferred with the House Administration Committee regarding these items?

Mr. HESS. I have conferred with the chairman of the committee in person. I have also sent the chairman of the committee a written statement along the lines of the one I have just made here. That was done 2 or 3 months ago.

For the information of the committee, supplemental to what I have said I might say that the post office handles considerable sums. of money. In the month of May our stamp, stampbook, and envelope sales and the amount of money involved in the money orders issued totaled $65,659. In other words, 1 day's average over there shows about $2,626, according to our breakdown here.

I also want to say that I am not critical of any other department of Capitol Hill having better hours than we have or that their men receive more money than our men, but it is a fact that the Senate post office, for instance, operates on a base pay of $2,100 or on gross of $3,900 which is a difference of some $300 a year. Their hours over there, as best I can ascertain, are based on about 6 or 7 hours a day where ours are running on the basis of 41 and 42 hours a week.