Mr. WHITTEN. With regard to those commodities, how often do you issue an estimate, and what are the conditions in connection with it? Tell us briefly how broad your work is for the commodities.

Dr. TRELOGAN. We endeavor to cover all of the crop and livestock items that are of significant commercial importance. This involves a problem of tailoring the reporting service for each particular commodity to the geographic area, and to the seasonal requirements; that

is the rapidity and frequency of reports that fit the needs of the agricultural business community.

Cotton, for example, is reported only from the cotton producing States. Similarly each fruit and vegetable area will be defined according to the volume of production, and our reports are confined to the important States.

In a comparable way the quarterly pig crop report introduced this year has been initiated in the 10 most important States with the funds available. But under no circumstances would we recommend going beyond about 18 States at this time, because they would be sufficient to cover about 90 percent of the crop in the United States.

The next dimension to consider is what periods or times of the year it is appropriate to make the reports. Production forecasts, particularly for crops, are issued only during the growing season; it isn't practical to issue reports during the season when there is no growth or production. In the livestock items there are some seasonal variations, but for most livestock products we need to report production throughout the year. Milk, meat, eggs, poultry, and things of that sort, are produced continuously through the entire year.

Then we have a decision with respect to how frequently to report. Weekly Monthly? Qaurterly? Semiannually, or annually? The less important crops, we report less frequently. Also we report less frequently in the less important areas or States. For example, cattle on feed reports, for some major States, are issued as monthly reports. For the next important group of States they are issued as quarterly reports. For another group of States, only annual reports are prepared, and for some States we have no reports for cattle on feed.

So a combination of different frequencies is adapted to crop and livestock items, depending on the commercial importance of the industry being reported in the participating areas.

(A more detailed presentation of the frequency of crop and livestock reports for the record follows:)

1963 CROP AND LIVESTOCK REPORTS

Content and dates of release

The following schedule of release dates for the various crop and livestock reports to be issued by the Crop Reporting Board during 1963 is announced by the Department of Agriculture. (Unless otherwise specified, the reports are issued from Washington, D.C.) The time of release when specified is that in effect for Government offices in Washington (eastern standard time except when daylight saving time is in effect).

Cotton production

REPORTS ON COTTON
(Released at 11 a.m.)

May 8: Acreage, yield per acre, production of cotton lint and seed; value of production of lint, disposition and value of cottonseed, monthly marketings of lint by farmers.

July 8: Planted acreage.

August 8: Indicated yield per acre and production as of the first of the month, and acreage for harvest.

September 9; October 8; and November 8: Indicated yield per acre and production as of the first of the month.

December 9: Yield per acre as of December 1, probable production, acreage for harvest, planted acreage, production of cottonseed.

Crop production

GENERAL REPORTS ON PRODUCTION

(Released at 3 p.m.)

January 10: Stocks of corn, wheat (all and Durum), oats, barley, sorghum grain, rye, flaxseed, soybeans, and hay on farms as of January 1, including revisions for previous quarters; milk production; poultry and egg production and potential layers; indicated production of citrus fruits (1962-63 crop); yield per acre and production of potatoes (winter); and prospective plantings for 1963 as indicated by reported intentions for potatoes (late spring).

February 11: Milk production; poultry and egg production; intended purchases of baby chicks in 1963; indicated production of citrus fruits (1962-63 crop); prospective plantings for 1963 as indicated by reported intentions for potatoes (early summer); and yield per acre and production of potatoes (winter). March 11: Milk production; poultry and egg production; indicated production of citrus fruits (1962-63 crop); acreage of potatoes (early spring); and yield per acre and production of potatoes (winter).

March 20: Prospective plantings for 1963 as indicated by reported intentions for corn, Durum wheat, other spring wheat, oats, barley, flaxseed, cotton, rice, all sorghums, potatoes (total crop), sweetpotatoes, dry edible beans, dry field peas, soybeans, peanuts, and sugarbeets; acreage for harvest of hay and tobacco.

April 10: Indicated production of winter wheat; indicated percentage of winter wheat seedings not harvested for grains, United States; condition of rye and pasture; for certain States, condition of peaches; stocks of corn, wheat (all and Durum), oats, barley, rye, flaxseed soybeans, and sorghum grain on farms as of April 1; milk production; poultry and egg production; indicated production of citrus fruits (1962-63 crop), Florida limes (1963 crop); yield per acre, and production of potatoes (winter and early spring); and acreage for harvest of potatoes (late spring). Also revision for 1962 crop acreage, yield per acre, and production of potatoes (early spring).

May 10: Acreage remaining for harvest as of May 1, yield per acre and indicated production of winter wheat; percentage of winter wheat seedings not harvested for grain for United States; condition of rye, hay, pasture; for certain States, condition of peaches, pears, cherries, prunes, and avocados; stocks of hay on farms; yield per acre and indicated production of potatoes (early spring and late spring); acreage for harvest of potatoes (early summer); indicated production of citrus fruits (1962-63 crop), peaches in nine early Southern States, apricots, cherries, plums, and almonds in California, and Florida limes (1963 crop); preliminary production, price and value of maple sirup (1963 crop); milk production; poultry and egg production. Also for 1962 crop, acreage, yield per acre, production, price, and value of production of tobacco (by types and classes); revision for 1962 acreage, yield per acre and production of potatoes (late spring); and final revision of production for 1961-62 crop citrus fruits. June 10: Indicated yield per acre as of June 1 for winter wheat; indicated production of winter wheat, spring wheat, peaches, pears, cherries, apricots, California plums, prunes, walnuts, and almonds, Florida limes (1963 crop), and citrus fruits (1962-63 crop); yield per acre and production of potatoes (early spring, late spring, and early summer); condition of rye, hay pasture, citrus fruits (1963–64 crop), and miscellaneous fruits; milk production; poultry and egg production. Also for 1962 crop, acreage, yield per acre and production of potatoes (early summer); acreage, yield per acre, production, price and value of production of sugar beets and sugarcane for 1961 and 1962 crops (1962 sugar beet price and value for the United States only); production of beet and cane sugar, sugarbeet pulp and products of cane harvested for sugar.

July 10: Stocks of corn, wheat (all and Durum), oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, soybeans and sorghum grain on farms as of July 1; planted acreage of corn, winter wheat, spring wheat, oats, barley, flaxseed, rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, dry edible beans, dry field peas, sorghums, and sugar beets; acreage for harvest, indicated yield per acre as of July 1, and indicated production of corn for grain, winter wheat, spring wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, rice, hay, sweet potatoes, tobacco, sugar beets, sugarcane for sugar and seed, dry edible beans, dry field peas and hops; acreage grown alone for all purposes of soybeans and peanuts; yield per acre and production of potatoes (late spring, early summer, and late summer); acreage for harvest of soybeans for beans, sorghums, and potatoes (late summer, fall, and total crop); indicated production of wheat by classes (United States), apples (commercial), peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, apricots,

plums, prunes, almonds, filberts, and walnuts, Florida limes (1963 crop), and citrus fruits (1962-63 crop); condition of pasture, citrus fruits (1963-64 crop), and miscellaneous fruits; milk production; poultry and egg production. Also for 1962 crop, revised estimates of acreage for harvest, yield per acre and production of peanuts and potatoes (late summer, fall, and total crop); and production of almonds, filberts, and walnuts.

August 9: Indicated yield per acre as of August 1 and indicated production of corn for grain, winter wheat, spring wheat, oats, barley, rye, flaxseed, rice, hay, dry edible beans, dry field peas, soybeans for beans, peanuts picked and threshed, potatoes (early summer, late summer, fall, and total crop), sweet potatoes, tobacco, sugar beets, sugarcane for sugar and seed, broom corn, and hops; acreage of peanuts picked and threshed, broom corn and popcorn; indicated production of wheat by classes (United States), sorghums for grain, apples (commercial), peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, apricots, plums, prunes, almonds, walnuts, filberts, and pecans; condition of pasture, citrus fruits (1963– 64 crop) and miscellaneous fruits; milk production; poultry and egg production and potential layers and index of production by groups of crops for United States. Also for 1962 crop, revised estimates of harvested acreage, yield per harvested acre and production of popcorn and broom corn, and planted acreage of popcorn.

September 10: Indicated yield per acre as of September 1 and indicated production of corn for grain, spring wheat, oats, barley, flaxseed, rice, sorghums for grain, hay, dry edible beans, dry field peas, soybeans for beans, peanuts picked and threshed, potatoes (early summer, late summer, fall, and total crop), sweet potatoes, tobacco, sugar beets, sugarcane for sugar and seed, broom corn, and hops; acreage for harvest of sorghums for grain; indicated production of wheat by classes (United States), apples (commercial), peaches, pears, grapes, plums, prunes, apricots, cranberries, almonds, walnuts, filberts, and pecans; condition of pasture, citrus fruits (1963–64 crop), and miscellaneous fruits; milk production; poultry and egg production and potential layers; prospective plantings as indicated by reported intentions for potatoes (1964-winter); and index of production by groups of crops for United States.

October 10: Stocks of corn, wheat (all and Durum), oats, barley, sorghum grain, rye, flaxseed, and soybeans on farms as of October 1; indicated yield per acre and indicated production of corn for grain, all wheat, spring wheat, flaxseed, rice, sorghums for grain, hay, dry edible beans, soybeans for beans, peanuts picked and threshed, potatoes (late summer, fall, and total crop), sweet potatoes, tobacco, sugar beets, sugarcane for sugar and seed, and hops; indicated production of wheat by classes (United States), apples (commercial), peaches, pears, grapes, plums, prunes, cranberries, citrus fruits (1963-64 crop), almonds, Florida avocados, walnuts, filberts, and pecans; condition of pasture, California Valencia oranges, other grapefruit and lemons (1963-64 crop), and miscellaneous fruits; milk production; poultry and egg production, potential layers and composition of flock, and index of production by groups of crops for United States. Also, revised production of 1962 crop olives and (1962-63 crop) citrus fruits.

November 12: Indicated yield per acre as of November 1 and indicated production of corn for grain, rice, sorghums for grain, dry edible beans, soybeans for beans, peanuts picked and threshed, potatoes (fall and total crop), sweet potatoes, tobacco, sugar beets, sugarcane for sugar and seed; production of apples (commercial), pears, grapes, prunes, cranberries, citrus fruits (1963-64 crop), Florida avocados, almonds, walnuts, filberts, and pecans; preliminary utilization of prunes; condition of pasture, California Valencia and other grapefruit (1963-64 crop), and olives; milk production; poultry and egg production and potential layers; acreage of potatoes for harvest (1964-winter) ; and index of production by groups of crops for United States.

December 10: Indicated production of citrus fruits (1963-64 crop); milk production; poultry and egg production and potential layers; prospective plantings for 1964 as indicated by reported intentions for potatoes (early spring) and yield per acre and production of potatoes (1964-winter).

December 18: Annual summary of acreage, yield per acre, production of crops. December 18: Crop values. Season average prices and value of production of principal crops.

December 19: Seeded acreage and indicated production of winter wheat, and acreage and condition of rye for harvest in 1964.

OTHER REPORTS CONCERNING CROP PRODUCTION

(Released at 3 p.m., except cranberries, August 20-1 p.m.)

Grain stocks: Wheat (all and Durum), rye, corn, oats, barley, sorghum grain, soybeans and flaxseed stocks in all positions off farms and on farms: January 24, April 24, July 24, and October 24.

Soybean county estimates 1961 and 1962: August 1.

Peanut stocks and processing: January 24, February 25, March 25, April 24, May 24, June 24, July 24, August 23, September 24, October 24, November 25, December 24, and seasonal report (October).

Potato stocks: January 15, February 13, March 13, December 18.

Onion stocks in storage: January 15.

Cucumbers for pickles stocks included in the Vegetables-Processing report: November 12.

New York cabbage stocks included in the Vegetables-Fresh Market report: January 10 and December 10.

Rice stocks: Rough and milled rice stocks by position and ownership, January 24, April 24, September 3, October 24.

Stocks of hops: March 20 and September 20.

Popcorn 1963 acreage August 9, 1963; acreage, production, price, and value, December 18. Also published in Crop Production reports.

Vegetables-Fresh Market: Acreage and indicated production of crops in areas of current importance. January 10, February 11, March 11, April 10, May 10, June 10, July 10, August 9, September 10, October 10, November 12, December 10 and 18.

Vegetables-Processing: Acreage, condition and indicated production of crops. January 10, March 11, April 10 and 19, May 10 and 23, June 10 and 21, July 10 and 22, August 9, September 10, October 10, November 12, December 18.

Monthly Celery Report: Monthly plantings and acreage remaining for harvest (Florida, California, and Arizona), January 4, February 4, March 4, April 4, May 6, June 4, July 5, August 5, September 4, October 4, November 4, December 4. Weekly Tomato Report: Weekly plantings and rate of harvest, Florida and Texas. Released Tuesday1 of each week during planting and harvesting season. Fruits

Sour Cherry Report: Mid-June production forecast of 1963 crop and utilization previous crop (New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin), June 20.

Cranberries: Indicated production-1 p.m., August 20.

Apples: Production by varieties: December 2.

Bush Berries: 1963 acreage for harvest, Washington and Oregon-April 16. Production forecast, berries other than blackberries, Washington and OregonJune 26. Production forecast, blackberries, Washington and Oregon-July 24.

Seed crops

Forecast reports:

Ryegrass Intentions: March 27.

Lupine and Crimson Clover (Southern States): June 27.

Orchardgrass and Tall Fescue (Southern States): July 11.

Kentucky Bluegrass: July 18.

Crimson Clover (Oregon) and Farm Stocks of Ryegrass: August 7.

Red Top, Merion Kentucky Bluegrass, and Fescues (Western States): August 12.

Vetches: August 15.

Timothy: August 23.

Smooth Bromegrass, Crested Wheatgrass, Bentgrass, and Austrian Winter Peas: August 29.

Sweetclover: September 6.

Ladino Clover and White Clover: September 19.

Red Clover and Alsike Clover: October 11.

Alfalfa and Sudangrass: October 17.

Lespedeza and Mustard Seed reports: In Annual Summary of Seed Crops: December 18.

1 Unless holidays conflict, in which case release is on the next business day.