a vessel which then lay in the harbour, and sailed directly for Charleston. At a plantation on Goose Creek, seventy whites, and forty faithful negroes, being protected by a breast-work, determined to maintain their post; but on the first attack, their courage failed them, and they agreed to surrender. The instant they fell into the power of the enemy, all were barbarously murdered.

Governor Craven, from North Carolina, at the head of one thousand men, marched against the savages. He discovered several small parties, who fled before him. At Saltcatchers, he found them all assembled, and there an obstinate and bloody battle was fought. The whites were victorious, and compelled the enemy to leave the province. Most of them fled to Florida, and were kindly received by the Spaniards.

In 1719, at a general review of the militia at Charleston, occasioned by a threatening invasion of the colony from Florida, the officers and soldiers bound themselves by a solemn compact, to support each other in resisting the tyranny of the proprietors; and the assembly, which was then in session, requested the governor, by a respectful address, to consent to administer the government in the king's name. He refused, and by proclamation dissolved the assembly. The members immediately met, and elected Colonel James Moore their governor. He was a bold man, and exceedingly well qualified for a popular leader, in a turbulent season. He accepted the appointment, and administered the affairs of the colony.

The conduct of the proprietors, and people, was brought before his majesty's council. After a full hearing, it was decided, that both colonies should be taken under the protection of the crown. In 1719, Hunter, Governor of NewYork, quitted the province, and his authority devolved on Peter Schuyler. The next year, William Burnet, son of the celebrated bishop, was appointed governor. Turning his attention towards the wilderness, he perceived that the French, in order to secure themselves the Indian trade, and confine the English to the sea coast, were erecting forts, from St. Lawrence to the Mississippi. He endeavoured to defeat these designs, by building a trading house and fort at Oswego, on Lake Ontario. But the French

applied with great activity in accomplishing their object; they launched two vessels upon the lake, and erected a fort at Niagara; they had previously erected Fort Frontinac, commanding the outlet.

The peace of 1713, was of short duration. In 1722, the eastern Indians began to be hostile, murdering several persons, and burning the town of Brunswick. In 1723, Dover was surprised, and several persons killed, and a number carried into captivity; and in 1724, repeated attacks were made, and the English kept in a continual alarm. Numbers were killed. The English in their turn made an attack upon Norridgeway; killed Ralled, the Jesuit, and about eighty-seven Indians. The war now raged with violence, until 1726, when peace was restored. This treaty was greatly applauded, and under it, owing to the more pacific feelings of the Indians, and more faithful observance of the English, the colonies experienced unusual tranquillity for a long time.

The Settlement of Georgia, in June, 1732.

Several benevolent gentlemen in England, suggested a plan of conveying all the indigent subjects of Great Britain thither. To a project springing from motives so noble, the people and the government extended their patronage. In November, 1732, one hundred emigrants embarked for Georgia. The next year, five hundred persons arrived at that place. But it was soon discovered, that these people had become poor by their idleness, and were not fitted to fill the groves of Georgia.

The trustees therefore offered to receive such as had become poor by unavoidable misfortune, and grant to each one who should repair to the colony, fifty acres of land. This offer brought more than four hundred persons into Georgia.

In 1738, a disturbance was created among the negroes in South Carolina. A number of them assembled at Stono, surprised and killed two white men who had the charge of a ware-house, from which they took guns and ammunition. They then chose a captain, and with drums proceeded southward, burning every house, and killing

all the whites that fell in their way, and compelled all the negroes to join them. Governor Bull, who was returning from the southward, accidently met them, hastened out of the way, and spread the alarm.

The news soon reached Wiltown, where a large congregation were attending divine service. The men, according to the law, brought their arms to the place of worship, and marched directly in quest of the negroes. While in an open field, they were dancing with frantic exultation at their late success, they were suddenly attacked by the whites; a number were killed, some fled, and the remainder taken. They who had been compelled to join them were pardoned; but all the leaders suffered death. About twenty whites were murdered.

In 1744, war again broke out between England and France, and the colonies were involved. Their commerce.and fisheries suffered great injury from privateers fitted out at Louisburg, a French port on Cape Breton. Its situation was important. Nearly six millions of dollars had been expended on its fortification. It was of great importance that the colonies should destroy or take possession of this strong hold, although it was considered impossible. Having exacted of the general court an oath of secrecy, the governor, in January, 1745, communicated to them the project. Many heard it with amaze

ment.

So strong was the place, and so weak were the colonies, that the thoughts of attacking it seemed rash and presumptuous. The secret was disclosed by an honest member, who prayed for divine blessing on the attempt, if it should be made. The people were instantly struck with the advantage of possessing the place. When the decision was made known, a petition, signed by a large number of merchants, was presented to the general court, praying them to comply with the governor's proposals. The subject was again discussed, and the vote in favour of the expedition was only one majority.

The question was now decided, and all who were before averse to the enterprise, united heartily with the supporters, to carry it into execution. The other NewEngland colonies agreed to furnish assistance, and a boat

was despatched to Commodore Warren, in the West Indies, to invite him to their assistance. In two months, an army of more than four thousand men were enlisted, clothed, victualled, and equipped for service, in the four New-England colonies, which did not contain four hundred thousand inhabitants.

On the 23d of March, the despatch boat returned from the West Indies, with information that Commodore Warren declined furnishing any aid, without orders from England. This intelligence was kept a secret. About the 19th of April, the troops, together with those from Connecticut and New-Hampshire, arrived safely at Canso. Commodore Warren had but just despatched his answer, when he received orders to repair to Boston, with such ships as he could spare, and concert measures with Governor Shirley, for his majesty's service in North America. He sailed immediately, but learning that the transports had sailed for Canso, he steered directly for that place. He added much to the naval strength.

Several vessels of war, which had been sent to cruise before Louisburg, had captured several French ships, and prevented any intelligence of the expedition from reaching them. Those vessels were daily within sight of the place, but were supposed to be privateers, and caused no alarm. The appearance of the fleet on the 30th of April, gave the French the first intimation of their danger. The troops immediately landed, and the next day, four hundred marched around the hills, approached within a mile of the grand battery, setting fire to all the houses and stores on the way. Many of these contained tar and pitch, which produced a thick smoke, that completely enveloped the invaders. The fears of the French were increased by their uncertainty. They imagined all the army was coming upon them, and throwing their powder into a well, destroyed the battery, which the English took without loss.

This was uncommon good fortune; but the most difficult labour of the siege remained to be performed. The cannon were to be drawn nearly two miles, over a deep morass, in plain view, and within gunshot of the enemy's principal fortification. For fourteen nights, the troops,

with straps over their shoulders, and sinking to their knees in mud, were employed in the service. By the 20th of May, they had erected five batteries, one of which mounted five forty-two pounders, and did great

execution.

Meanwhile, the fleet cruised in the harbour, and was equally successful. It captured a French ship of sixtyfour guns, loaded with stores for the garrison, to whom the loss was distressing. English ships of war were continually arriving, and added such strength to the fleet, that a combined attack upon the town was resolved upon. The enemy, discovering this design, deemed it unwise to run the hazard of an assault. On the 15th of June, the French commander proposed a cessation of hostilities, and on the 17th capitulated.

Intelligence of this event spread like lightning through the country. The French flag was still standing upon the walls of Louisburg, which decoyed several India ships, supposed to be worth six hundred thousand pounds. Well might the citizens of New-England be elated with these glad tidings. Without even a suggestion from the mother country, their commerce and fisheries were now

secure.

France, fired with resentment at her loss, made extraordinary exertions to retrieve it, and to inflict chastisement on New-England. The next summer, she despatched to the American coast a powerful fleet, carrying a large number of soldiers. The news of its approach spread terror throughout New-England. But an uncommon succession of disasters, which the pious of that time attributed to the special interposition of Providence, deprived it of all power to inflict injury. After remaining a short time on the coast, it returned to France; having lost two admirals, both of whom, it was supposed, put an end to their lives through chagrin; having also, by tempest, been reduced to one half its force, and effected nothing.

In 1748, peace was concluded; each party restored all its prisoners and conquests; a striking, but not uncommon illustration of the folly of war. Louisburg, though conquered by the colonies, was exchanged by Great Bri