But, receiving a reinforcement the next year, they again asserted the right of Holland to the country, and erected Fort Amsterdam on the south of the island. The English, for many years, did not interfere.

In 1621, an extensive territory on both sides of the Hudson, was granted to the Dutch West India Company, and called New-Netherlands. The boundaries were considered by the company as including Connecticut River on the north, and Delaware River on the south. In 1623, they erected a fort on the Delaware, which they called Nassau ; and, in 1633, they erected another on Connecticut, which they called Good Hope. Near the former the Swedes had a settlement; and a quarrel arose between the settlers, which continued for many years, which terminated in the subjugation of the Swedes.

NEW-JERSEY.

The first settlement of New-Jersey was made by the Danes, about the year 1624. Soon afterwards, several Dutch families seated themselves in the vicinity of New York. In 1626, a company was formed in Sweden, under the patronage of King Gustavus Adolphus, for the pur pose of planting a colony in America.

The next year a number of Swedes and Finns came over, and made a settlement on the west bank of the Delaware River.

In 1640, the English began a plantation on the eastern bank. The Swedes, in concert with the Dutch, who pos sessed New-York, drove them out of the country.

DELAWARE.

This state was settled by a company of Swedes and Finns, under the patronage of King Gustavus Adolphus. In 1627, they landed at Cape Henlopen, and were so charmed with its appearance, that they gave it the name of Paradise Point. The country they called New-Sweden, and the River Delaware, New-Swedeland Stream. They purchased of the Indians, the lands on both sides of that river, from the sea to the falls, and seated themselves at

the mouth of Christian Creek, near Wilmington. Being frequently molested by the Dutch, who claimed a right to the country, they, for their protection, built forts at Chris tian, Lewiston, and Tinicum. The last was their seat of government, and John Printz, their governor, erected an elegant mansion at this place, which he named Printz Hall.

MARYLAND.

This state was settled by one Calvert, who sailed for America near the close of 1633, accompanied by about two hundred emigrants, chiefly Roman Catholics.

They arrived in February, 1634, at the mouth of the River Potomac. At a conference with the Indians, who dwelt on the shore, they purchased Yoamaco, a considerable village, the site which St. Mary's now occupies.

This colony, as well as all others, in the early period of their existence, was afflicted with troubles; they were principally caused by one, William Clayborne. While a member of the Virginia council, he had obtained a license from the king to traffic in those parts of America where no other person enjoyed the exclusive right of trade. Under this license he had made a small settlement on the island of Kent, and when the grant was made to Lord Baltimore, refused to submit to his authority. He persuaded the natives that the new comers were Spaniards, and enemies to the Virginians.

An Indian war was the consequence, which continued for several years with great distress. Clayborne was in dicted, and convicted of murder, piracy, and sedition, and, fleeing from justice; his estate was confiscated. He ap plied to the king for redress, but did not succeed. When the civil war between the king and parliament began, he embraced the cause of the latter, returned to Maryland, and, by his intrigues, fomented, in 1645, a rebellion against its rulers, who were attached to the royal cause. Calvert, the governor, was compelled to fly to Virginia, and the insurgents seized the reins of government. The next year, however, the revolt was suppressed, and tranquillity restored.

NORTH CAROLINA.

In 1630, Charles I. granted to Sir Robert Heath all the territory between the 30th and 36th degrees of north latitude, and extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea, by the name of Carolina. Under this grant, no settlement was made. In 1640, some person fled from Virginia, and without license from any source, occupied that portion of North Carolina north of Albemarle Sound. In 1661, another settlement was made near the mouth of Clarendon River, by adventurers from Massachusetts. The land being sterile, and the Indians hostile, they soon abandoned it.

In June, a patent was granted by the king, conveying to twenty-one trustees, the territory now constituting the state of Georgia, which was to be apportioned gratuitously among the people, and donations were made for the purpose of conveying them thither, and for their support the first season.

ton.

In November, one hundred and thirty emigrants embarked for Georgia: in January, they arrived at CharlesThe Carolinians gave the adventurers a cordial welcome; they supplied them with provisions and boats to carry them to the place of their destination; and on the 9th of February, they erected the first house, where Savannah now stands.

History of the whole Colonies of America combined, from 1661.

Before the session of the General Assembly of Connecticut, in October, 1662, the charter was brought over. Upon the day of the election, it was publicly read to the freemen, and declared to belong to them and to their successors. They then proceeded to make choice of Mr. Wyllys, Mr. Talcott, and Mr. Allen, to receive the charter into custody, and keep it in behalf of the colony.

In 1663, a tax of three hundred pounds was levied upon the colony. A day of fasting and prayer was appointed. The colony was much in debt; many were dissatisfied

i

with the governor, and refused to pay any thing for his support.

No sooner did the officers begin to distrain the rates of those who refused to pay, than it produced the most alarming consequences. The gentlemen from Connecticut remonstrated against collecting taxes from those who had been taken under the protection of that colony, and desired New-Haven to suspend the affair for further consideration.

Colonel Nichols arrived at Boston, with a fleet and troops under his command, July 23, 1664. He immediately communicated his commission to the colonies, and requested the troops to assist him against the Dutch. He then sailed for New-Netherlands, and on the 20th of August made a demand upon the town and forts upon the Island of Manhadoes. Governor Winthrop, with several gentlemen from Connecticut, joined him, according to his wishes. Stuyvesant, the Dutch governor, was an old soldier, and had he been prepared, doubtless would have made a brave defence. He was extremely opposed to a surrender of the fort and town, but the opposition party outnumbered him, and he was obliged to submit on the 27th of August.

After the reduction of the Dutch, Colonel Nichols fixed his residence at New-York, to manage the affairs of government. About 1664, a settlement commenced on the east side of Connecticut River. In 1667, Lyme was made a distinct town. In this and the next year, several new settlements were made, and new towns incorporated. On the 20th of May, 1662, a purchase was made of the Indians, and East Haddam settled by twenty-eigh❤ persons. In the session of May, 1670, it was enacted that Massacoe should be called Simsbury.

At the same term, New-Haven village was incorporated, and made a town, by the name of Wallingford. In 1643, war had been declared in England against the Dutch. The colony was put into a state of defence, and it was ordered that a troop of horse should be raised in each county. On the 30th of July, a small Dutch fleet arrived at NewYork. One John Manning, who commanded the fort and island, treacherously delivered them to the enemy, without firing a gun or attempting the least resistance.

Scarcely had the colonies recovered from their calamities, before new and more terrible alarm and destruction presented themselves to all the colonies of New-England. On the first of July, 1674, the Duke of York commissioned Sir Edmund Andross to be governor of New-York, and all New-England. Sir Edmund was a tyrant over the people, but New-England refused to submit to this man as their ruler. It was soon discovered that Sir Edmund Andross was about to make a hostile invasion on the colony, and to demand its surrender. Detachments from the military were sent to New-London and Saybrook. Captain Thomas Bull, of Hartford, commanded the party at Saybrook.

About the 9th of July, 1675, the people of that town were surprised by the appearance of Major Andross, with an armed force in the sound, making directly for the fort. The fort was soon manned, and militia called out for its defence; at this moment Captain Bull arrived, which gave them fresh courage. On the 11th, Major Andross hoisted the king's flag on board, and demanded a surrender of the fortress and town; Captain Bull raised his majesty's colours, and prepared for defence. The major did not like to fire on the king's colours, and thought it would be a bloody affair to reduce the town by force. Early in the morning of the 12th, Sir Edmund desired to be admitted on shore.

Captain Bull met the major at his landing, and requested a treaty. The major rejected the proposal, and commanded, in his majesty's name, that the Duke's pa-. tent and his commission should be read. Captain Bull, in his majesty's name, commanded him to forbear reading. When his clerk attempted to proceed, Captain Bull again repeated his command with such energy, that it convinced the major it was not safe to proceed. The captain then acquainted him that he had an address from the assembly, and read his protest.

Governor Andross, pleased with his bold and soldierlike appearance, said "What is your name?" He replied, "My name is Bull, sir.” 66 Bull," said the governor,-"It is a pity your horns are not tipped with silver."