TRANSFER OF FUNDS Dr. DRYDEN. Mr. Chairman, on page 1 of the justifications there is a breakdown indicating that $117 million is to be transferred from the Department of Defense to the NASA research and development account, so that we are defending before you an estimate for obligational authority of $242 million, of which $125 million is for new appropriations. If I may recall to your mind, the civil space program has been assigned by action of Congress last year to the Department of Defense for a period of 1 year, which ends in February 1959, until the new National Aeronautics and Space Administration was established. The $117 million is a part of the money which Congress has already appropriated to the Department of Defense. This money will be ransferred to the new Administration. Senator ELLENDER. Were there any other transfers made other than he $117 million that you speak of? Dr. DRYDEN. The transfer has not yet been made, of course. Dr. DRYDEN. No. You may recall that the Administration is to ontinue the functions of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, which is abolished. Chairman HAYDEN. I thought there was another agency, another ource of money? SOURCE OF FUNDS Dr. DRYDEN. The Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense is the principal source of funds that makes up he $117 million to be transferred. Senator ELLENDER. As the result of the creation of this new National Aeronautics and Space Administration, you will take over the funcions of what agency? Dr. DRYDEN. We will take over and continue the functions of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. BASIC LEGISLATION The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, which was just igned a few days ago, assigns to the National Aeronautics and Space Agency the additional responsibilities of research and development n the space field, including the development, construction, testing, nd operation of space vehicles. Senator ELLENDER. Is that for administration or is it for selecting he best efforts of those who do research in the field? Dr. DRYDEN. Both. Most of the new money requested will be spent y contracts and agreements with existing Government agencies, eduational institutions, and industrial concerns. Senator ELLENDER. Is this new agency also to coordinate the varius agencies? Dr. DRYDEN. To coordinate and finance; yes. Senator ELLENDER. Coordinate and finance. TOTAL EMPLOYEES Chairman HAYDEN. I notice that you have 800 employees in addiion to the number you have now. How many do you have now? Dr. DRYDEN. We have about 8,000 employees in the functions of NACA. The new responsibilities are to be discharged not by the large expansion of existing Government laboratories, but rather by operating by contract with universities, industrial laboratories, and by using the services of the military departments in certain cases. Chairman HAYDEN. The NACA will be a coordinating authority in a sense. Dr. DRYDEN. Coordinating and operating. We have about a 30minute presentation of the more detailed information about the program, if you wish to take the time to hear it. USE OF LABORATORIES AND COLLEGES Senator ELLENDER. What will become of the facilities that you now have? You say you are going to use laboratories and colleges. What will become of your NACA laboratories? Dr. DRYDEN. We will continue the NACA functions which have been carried on in the research field as a part of the new agency. In a sense, if you compare it to a company, the NACA work is one branch of the new agency, you might call it the research branch; there is being added a new branch which will be engaged in the development and operation of space vehicles. Senator ELLENDER. How many more personnel will be required? Dr. DRYDEN. Eight hundred. Senator ELLENDER. Eight hundred? Dr. DRYDEN. That is correct. Senator ELLENDER. All together? Dr. DRYDEN. All together. Senator ELLENDER. How many have you now? Dr. DRYDEN. We have about 8,000. Senator ELLENDER. Who is going to do the work that these 8,000 did before? Will it be various colleges? Dr. DRYDEN. The NACA work will continue in the existing NACA laboratories. You have just passed the independent offices bill with $101 million to continue that work. Senator ELLENDER. I am trying to discover what savings will come from this coordination. Dr. DRYDEN. It is a new activity in space. It does not substitute for anything. Senator ELLENDER. But you are taking over the work of some existing agency. Dr. DRYDEN. We are continuing the NACA work in the aeronautical research field. Senator ELLENDER. This agency that is being taken over, was it doing nothing but what this new Agency will do, that is, space work! Dr. DRYDEN. No; the NACA laboratories are engaged primarily in research in the aeronautics field. CONTINUATION OF NACA PROGRAM Senator DWORSHAK. Will the NACA program be continued as it has been in the past? Dr. DRYDEN. It will be continued as it has been, as part of the new Agency. Senator DWORSHAK. It is merely placing it under the supervision of this new Agency? Dr. DRYDEN. Yes. The choice before Congress was whether to establish a completely new space agency apart from any existing agency or to combine it with an existing agency. The decision was made to build on the nucleus of the NACA. Senator DwORSHAK. On the basis of the appropriation that NACA already has for this fiscal year, are you requesting $125 million of additional funds for the expanded program? Dr. DRYDEN. Yes, but it is a quite different sort of program. Dr. DRYDEN. In the past, we have been in the research business. Now, we will be getting into the development business. To do development work takes money of a different order of magnitude than the research work which has been carried on within the NACA. TRANSFER OF FUNDS FROM DEFENSE Senator DwORSHAK. Let us consider that the Defense Department this year received, as I recall, over $6 billion for research and development. Now, will any of that be transferred to the new Agency, or will you get additional funds beyond that? Dr. DRYDEN. $117 million will be transferred from Defense and $125 million will be new money, for an overall program in the space development and operational field of $242 million. Senator DwORSHAK. You need a lot of new employees and new activities, unless most of this projected work is done through outside agencies. Dr. DRYDEN. Most of the projected work will be done through outside agencies. This is the point that I was trying to make. We are asking this for a total of 800 people to administer this $242 million sum. DUPLICATION OF RESERCH Senator DwORSHAK. Are you going to duplicate in any way what has already been done in research? I realize that you are trying to coordinate and simplify and make it more efficient, but will there be any duplication? It seems to me, in my experience on this commitee, that, when funds are made available for research and developnent, for instance, to the Defense Department or to other agencies, nd then you set up a new agency like this, you might duplicate in omeway some of the work that has already been done. Dr. DRYDEN. No; the programs will be coordinated. In setting up he new agency, a split was made between military space development nd the civilian aspects of exploration of space. The kind of work hich Explorer IV is now doing will be the kind of work that this gency will take over. Senator DwORSHAK. All the civilian space research will come under his Agency? Dr. DRYDEN. All the civilian space research will come under this gency. Senator DwORSHAK. So that the kind of work already being done by e Defense Department will be coordinated, without possibility of iplication, with this program. Dr. DRYDEN. Space is an entirely new field not substituting for any other field. Senator DwORSHAK. But in the past it is true that other agencies in the Defense Department and, probably, elsewhere in the executive branch have been engaged in such activities. The question is whether they will terminate those activities and transfer the supervision and actual work to this new Agency, or whether they will continue to do what they have and then, necessarily, you have duplication. TRANSFER OF ACTIVITIES TO NEW AGENCY Dr. DRYDEN. The National Aeronautics and Space Act provides for a transfer of these activities to the new Agency, and the $117 million to be transferred represents the transfer of money and projects from Defense to the new agency. Senator DwORSHAK. Who will have the overall authority to see that there is no continuance of some of these projects in other agencies in conflict with the new program projected for this Agency? FORM OF ORGANIZATION Dr. DRYDEN. The new act just passed provides for a National Aeronautics and Space Council at about the same level as the National Security Council. The National Aeronautics and Space Council's membership includes the President, the Secretary of State, the Secre tary of Defense, the Administrator of the NACA, and the Chairman of the AEC. Senator DWORSHAK. Is it full time; not an outside advisory group! Dr. DRYDEN. The Council is established within the Executive Office of the President. It will employ a full-time Executive Secretary and staff to monitor all of the space programs of the Government. This is the form of organization which was introduced by the Senate and appears in the final version of the bill. Senator DwORSHAK. The final fixing of responsibility, then, will be in this Council? Dr. DRYDEN. Yes. MISSILE PROGRAM Senator ELLENDER. What authority will this Agency have over the missile programs that are now going on? Dr. DRYDEN. It does not involve the missile program at all. Senator ELLENDER. The situation with the Navy and Air Force vying with each other is going to continue? Dr. DRYDEN. The new Agency is not concerned with the missile program. Some of the boosters developed and being developed for missiles will be used by the new Agency in space work, just as the Jupiter missile is being used in the Explorer satellite work. Senator ELLENDER. Why would it not have been practical to include some missile program in this Agency in an effort to prevent this interservice missile rivalry? Dr. DRYDEN. The missile program is a matter within the Department of Defense. Congress established the functions of the new Agency and they did not include the missile program. Senator ELLENDER. Mr. Chairman, who was to coordinate the missile program? Dr. DRYDEN. Mr. Holaday. Senator ELLENDER. I remember that now. Chairman HAYDEN. You indicated that you had some charts. We can put them in the record now. Could you go through and highlight them for us? Dr. DRYDEN. Fine. I would like to have Mr. O'Sullivan start the presentation. (The charts referred to follow :) |