(d) The tolerances to be allowed in excess or in deficiency on all subdivisions of the standard barrel for fruits, vegetables, and other dry commodities other than cranberries, and on all subdivisions of the standard barrel for cranberries, shall be the values given in the following table, and these tolerances are to be applied to the result obtained by the application of the following rule:

(1) Having determined the errors on each dimension and given to each its proper sign (see § 241.5), add the errors on the effective diameter of head and the distance between heads algebraically and multiply the result by 1.67 (or 5%). Then add this result to the error on the circumference of bulge algebraically. If

the result obtained is not greater than the tolerance given in the following table for the proper subdivision, then the barrel is within the tolerance allowed; if the result is greater than this tolerance, then the barrel is not within the tolerance allowed.

Size of subdivision

4 barrel.

barrel. 16 barrel.

PART 255-FELLOWSHIP IN LABORATORY STANDARDIZATION AND TESTING FOR QUALIFIED CITIZENS OF OTHER AMERICAN REPUBLICS

Sec.

255.1 Type of fellowships.

255.2 Qualifications.

255.3 Award of fellowships.

255.4 Allowances and expenses.

255.5 Progress reports.

255.6 Duration of fellowships. 255.7

Official notification.

AUTHORITY: The provisions of this Part 255 issued under R.S. 161; sec. 1, 53 Stat. 1290; 22 U.S.C. 501.

SOURCE: The provisions of this Part 255 appear at 13 F.R. 8374, Dec. 28, 1948, unless otherwise noted.

§ 255.1 Type of fellowships.

Fellowships shall be of the combined intern-training and training-in-research type, and may include any or all of the following courses:

(a) Orientation courses consisting of lectures and conferences at the National Bureau of Standards pertaining to laboratory standardization and testing.

(b) Practical laboratory training in various branches of physics, chemistry, and engineering research, under the direction of the National Bureau of Standards, which will include the usual subdivisions of physics (weights and measures, heat, optics, mechanics, atomic physics, electrical measurements and radio) and also technologic applications in research and testing on metals, rubber, leather, paper, textiles, plastics, and clay and silicate products.

Each applicant selected for a fellowship shall be:

(a) A citizen of an American republic other than the United States;

(b) In possession of a certificate of medical examination issued by a licensed physician within 60 days of the date of application, describing the applicant's physical condition and stating that he is free from any communicable disease, physical deformity or disability that would interfere with the proper pursuit of training, research, or any other activity or work incident to the fellowship;

(c) Able to speak, read, write and understand the English language;

(d) Of good moral character and possessing intellectual ability and suitable personal qualities; and

(e) In possession of acceptable evidence that he has successfully completed the equivalent of a four-year university course in a recognized university, college or other institution of learning, with some training or experience in the field of activity which he desires to pursue. Equivalent experience may be substituted for the university training in the case of

candidates who are otherwise specially well qualified.

§ 255.3 Award of fellowships.

Fellowships shall be awarded by the Director of the National Bureau of Standards, with the approval of the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of State, or the duly authorized representative of the Secretary of State. Applications shall be transmitted to the Secretary of State by the government of the American republic of which the applicant is a citizen through the American diplomatic mission accredited to that government. § 255.4

Allowances and expenses.

Allowances and expenses shall be as provided in State Department regulations given in 22 CFR Part 61, and as provided in Department of Commerce Administrative Order No. 202-3.1

§ 255.5 Progress reports.

Applicants awarded fellowships under the regulations in this part shall submit written reports of progress in training and research at such intervals as the Director of the National Bureau of Standards may determine.

§ 255.6 Duration of fellowships.

Fellowships may be awarded for periods of varying length, not exceeding one 12-month period of actual training

1 Not filed with the Office of the Federal Register.

and research and may be extended for not exceeding the same periods in the manner prescribed under § 255.3 and subject to the availability of appropriations. Fellowships may be cancelled for cause by the Director of the National Bureau of Standards, with the approval of the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of State, or the duly authorized representative of the Secretary of State. § 255.7 Official notification.

Each applicant selected by the Director of the National Bureau of Standards and approved by the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of State, or the duly authorized representative of the Secretary of State, shall be notified of his award through diplomatic channels. The notification shall state the duration and type of fellowship, outline the program of training and research, and state the allowances authorized: Provided, however, That the Director of the National Bureau of Standards may subsequently amend the program and duration of the fellowship if in his opinion such action would be in the interest of obtaining training and research better suited to the needs and capabilities of the fellow than those prescribed in the notification. The amount originally authorized for monthly allowances and other expenses may also be amended, if necessary, with the approval of the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of State, or the duly authorized representative of the Secretary of State.

As used in this standard, unless the context specifically states otherwise:

(a) The term "act" means Public Law 930, 84th Congress, 2d Session, H. R. 11969.

(b) The term "device" means the mechanism or the means provided for enabling the doors of household refrigerators to be opened from the inside.

(c) The term "effective date" means the date under the provisions of the act after which all household refrigerators manufactured and introduced or delivered for introduction into interstate commerce must comply with this standard. This date is October 30, 1958.

(d) The term "household refrigerator" means a cabinet or any part of a cabinet designed for the storage of food at temperatures above 32° F., having a source of refrigeration and intended for household use.

(e) The term "opened" as applied to a refrigerator door means to effect release of the latching mechanism so that a trapped child would have to apply little or no further effort in order to escape.

(f) The term "shelving" means any shelf, basket, drawer, or baffle which can be readily removed from the refrigerator without the use of tools.

§ 260.2 Scope and application.

This standard shall apply to devices furnished with household refrigerators manufactured and introduced or delivered for introduction into interstate commerce after the effective date which enable such refrigerators to be opened from the inside. The requirements of this standard shall apply to household refrigerators in their normal operating position only. The releasing feature(s) of the device shall be accessible from all spaces which (a) are bounded by interior walls or shelving, (b) are directly accessible when the exterior hinged door(s) is (are) opened, and (c) have a minimum dimension of 8 inches or more and a volume of two cubic feet or more either with all shelving in place or as the result of the removal or the rearrangement of any or all of the shelving. § 260.3 General requirements.

Household refrigerators shall be equipped with a device enabling the doors thereof to be opened easily from the inside, either by the application of an outwardly directed force to the inside of the door, or by the rotation of a knob similar to a conventional doorknob. The device shall not render the refrigerator unsatisfactory for the preservation of food under any or all normal conditions of use.

§ 260.4 Detailed requirements.

(a) Releasing forces. As determined by the tests called for in § 260.5, the device (1) shall permit the refrigerator door to be opened on the application of a force equivalent to one which, if directed perpendicularly to the plane of the door and applied anywhere along the latch edge of the inside of the closed door, shall not exceed 15 pounds, (2) shall permit

the refrigerator door to be opened on the application of clockwise or counterclockwise turning moment of not more than 5 in.-lb. to a knob on the door through an angle of rotation of 45° (±15°) in either direction, or (3) shall function automatically to permit the door to be opened with a force of 15 pounds or less applied as described in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph whenever space(s) exist or is (are) created with dimensions and volumes exceeding the dimensions and volumes imposed by § 260.2.

(b) Description and location of knob(s). The knob(s) shall resemble a conventional doorknob in shape and size, and shall be mounted near the latch side of the door extending into the cabinet at least 4 inch beyond any inner door surface within a six-inch radius of the knob center. The knob(s) shall be mounted in such a manner that there is a minimum of 3/4 inch clearance between the inner periphery of the knob(s) and adjacent inner door surfaces. The knob(s) shall be located so as to provide the accessibility required by § 260.2.

(c) Wear. The device shall comply with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section after 300,000 cycles of operation of the door as determined by the tests called for in § 260.5.

(d) Protection against adverse effects from spillage, cleaning, defrosting, and condensation. Devices shall be designed so that spillage of foods or beverages, cleaning or defrosting in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations, or normal condensation will not so adversely affect the operation of the device as to result in its failure to meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, as determined by the tests called for in § 260.5.

(e) Devices which permit door to be opened as a result of forces or turning moments applied to movable components inside the refrigerator. Those components of a device upon which the safety features of the device depend shall not break, crack, permanently deform, nor show other visible damage when subjected to forces and moments called for in the tests under § 260.5(c). The requirements of paragraph (a) of this section shall be satisfied after the device has been subjected to the tests under § 260.5(c).

(f) Power supply. The device shall operate in accordance with the require

ments of this standard with the electric, gas, or other fuel supply either on or off. § 260.5 Tests.

It is the intent of this standard that where tests are not specified, the general and detailed requirements shall be checked by inspection, simple measurement, and by consideration of pertinent standard commercial practices. Compliance with requirements of § 260.4 (a), (c), (d), and (e) shall be checked with the aid of the following tests:

(a) Test for releasing force on door. The force measurements shall be made by means of a force gage with a calibrated accuracy within ±0.3 pound when measuring a force of 15 pounds. The dial of the gage shall be graduated with finest divisions not exceeding 0.2 pound, and the full-scale range shall not exceed 30 pounds. Measurements shall be made at three points on the door near the inside latch edge-one point near the top of the interior space created by removal of all shelving, one point near the bottom, and one point midway between these two points. The requirements of § 260.4 (a) (1) shall be satisfied.

(b) Test for knob torque. The measurement of the turning moment required to operate the knob release shall be made with a torque gage adapted for attachment to the knob or knob shaft. The gage shall have a calibrated accuracy within ±0.10 in.-lb. when measuring a moment of 5 in.-lb. The finest graduations on the dial of the gage shall correspond to a moment increment not greater than 0.10 in.-lb., and the fullscale range shall not exceed 10 in.-lb. in each direction from the null reading. The turning moment shall be applied so as to rotate the knob the full amount required for release, in both a clockwise and a counterclockwise direction. The angle of rotation required for release shall be checked by means of an angle gage adapted to measure the angle of rotation about the longitudinal axis of the knob shaft. The gage shall have a calibrated accuracy within ±1° at an angle of 45°, and the finest divisions shall not exceed 1°. The requirements of § 260.4 (a) (2) shall be satisfied.

(c) Tests for strength of device components which affect the safety features of the device. These tests shall apply only to devices which permit the door to be opened as a result of forces or turning moments applied to movable components inside the refrigerator.

A turning moment of 20 in.-lb. shall be applied for 50 successive operations in a clockwise direction, followed by 50 successive similar operations in a counterclockwise direction, to components designed to permit the door to be opened as a result of the application of a turning moment to them. The turning moment shall be applied to the outer periphery of the component provided. The gage used for registering the moment applied shall have a calibrated accuracy within ±0.4 in.-lb. when measuring a moment of 20 in.-lb. The finest graduations on the dial of the gage shall correspond to a moment increment not greater than 0.4 in-lb. and the full scale range of the gage shall not exceed 40 in.-lb. in each direction from the null reading. The turning moment applied in each operation shall be applied for a period of time sufficient for the component to come to rest after completing the extent of movement for which designed. A pushing force of 20 pounds shall be applied for 50 successive operations, followed, if applicable, by 50 successive similar operations with a pulling force, to components designed to permit the door to be opened as a result of the application of a force to them. Areas which may be, in service, subjected to pushing or pulling forces which create maximum stresses, as for example, points on the outer periphery of components designed to transmit a turning moment, or unsupported portions of members or areas designed for transmitting a force, shall be subjected to test. The gage used for registering the force applied shall have a calibrated accuracy within ±0.4 pound when measuring a force of 20 pounds. The finest graduations on the dial of the gage shall correspond to a force not in excess of 0.4 pound and the full-scale range shall not exceed 40 pounds.

Upon being subjected to the tests in this paragraph, no device component on which the safety features of the device depend shall break, crack, permanently deform, or show other visible damage. The device must satisfy the requirements of § 260.4 (a) after being subjected to the tests in this paragraph.

(d) Simulated use test. Tests shall be conducted on the completely assembled refrigerator in its normal operating position to determine that the release device complies with the requirements of § 260.4 during and after 300,000 cycles of door operation, and following exposure to spillage of foods and beverages, to cleaning and defrosting in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations, and to condensation. The equipment provided for operating the door shall open the door sufficiently on each cycle to assure a complete cycle of operation for the latch mechanism.

§ 260.6 Provision for changes in the

standard.

Section 5 of the act provides for the possibility of changes in the commercial standard first established pursuant to section 3 of the act and allows a period of one year and ninety days for compliance with such changes after they are published. Any person wishing to propose a change in this commercial standard shall submit to the Director, National Bureau of Standards, United States Department of Commerce, Wash

ington 25, D. C., the proposed change. Before a change is recommended, the Director, National Bureau of Standards, shall secure advice and consultation from public or private sources including particularly the household refrigerator manufacturing industry and the Children's Bureau of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and shall then forward such proposal with his recommendation to the Secretary of Commerce for such action as the Secretary deems appropriate.