(168) Kennette Contracting Co. Ltd. Wharf: 500 feet above Canadian Salt Co. Ltd. Wharf; 450-foot face; 26 feet alongside; 21 acres open storage; bulk storage.

(169) Newman Harbour Terminals and Transportation Inc.: 500 feet above Kennette Contracting Co. Ltd. Wharf; 150-foot face; 24 feet alongside; 120,000 square feet covered storage; 20,000 square feet open storage; receipt and shipment of general cargo.

(170) Sterling Fuels Wharf: (42°17′42′′N., 83°05′17′′W.), 1,000-foot face; 29 feet alongside; vessel bunkering.

(171) Windsor Harbour Commission, Confederation Dock: (42°17′50′′N., 83°05′06′′W.), 1,100-foot face; 25 feet alongside; 12 acres open storage; sand, stone, and bulk materials.

(172) Windsor Harbour Commission, Dominion Dock: 600foot face, 25 feet alongside; 25 acres open storage; sand, stone, and bulk materials.

(173) Adams Cartage Dock: (42°18′00′′N., 83°04′51′′W.); 850foot face; 25 feet alongside; 22,000 square feet covered storage; open storage for 100,000 tons of steel.

(174) Pyramid Aggregates Dock: 1,100 feet above Adams Cartage Dock; 450-foot face; 20 feet alongside; 6,000 square feet covered storage; 150,000 square feet open storage.

(175) Premier Concrete Products and Lake Ontario Cement Co. Wharf: 1,000 feet above Pyramid Aggregates Dock; 1,000foot face; 21 feet alongside; 9 acres open storage; building aggregates and bulk cement.

(176) Canadian Pacific Railway Wharf: (42°19′01′′N., 83°03′11′′W.); 150-foot face; 26 feet alongside; railroad ferry terminal.

(177) Dieppe Park Dock: 0.5 mile above Canadian Pacific Railway Wharf; 800-foot face; 26 feet alongside; docking visiting non-commercial vessels.

(178) Canadian National Railways Wharf: (42°19′18′′N., 83°02′09′′W.); 36 feet alongside; railroad ferry terminal.

(179) Hiram Walker and Sons Ltd. Wharf: (42°19′36′′N., 83°00′41′′W.); 833-foot face; 24 feet alongside; grain silos for 11⁄4 million bushels.

(180) Ford Motor Co. of Canada Ltd. Wharf: 1,800 feet above Hiram Walker and Sons Ltd. Wharf; 1,800-foot face; 24 feet alongside; 360,000 square feet open storage; receipt of fuel oil, pig iron, and sand.

(181) Supplies.-Bunker coal is available at Consolidation Coal Co. Wharf, and bunker C and diesel fuel are available by truck or barrel from several companies. Water and all types of marine supplies and provisions are available in Windsor.

(182) Repairs.-There are no drydocking facilities, but minor and major machinery, radio, and radar repairs can be made by several firms.

(183) Communications.-Windsor has good rail and highway connections with major United States and Canadian cities. Windsor Airport links the city with other points in Canada.

(184) Detroit, Mich., fronts the NW side of the Detroit River from the mouth of Old Channel of River Rouge NE to the head of the river. It is a major industrial city and the center of the U.S. automobile industry. The chief waterborne commerce is in coal, petroleum products, limestone, steel, iron ore and pellets, and general and containerized cargo.

(185) Anchorage.-Anchorage in the Detroit River is restricted by Federal regulation. (See 33 CFR 162.135, chapter 2, for regulations.) If weather conditions preclude passage through the river, vessels generally hold up or anchor in Lake Erie if northbound or in Lake Huron if southbound. Under stress of weather vessels

occasionally anchor on the NW side of the river from 0.6 to 1.5 miles below Belle Isle.

(186) Weather.-(See page T-7 for Detroit climatological table.)

(187) Towage.-Tugs to 2,200 and 2,000 hp are available for Detroit from Gaelic Tugboat Co. or Great Lakes Towing Co., respectively. Tugs of the former company moor in the River Rouge; from the latter moor about 1.3 miles S of the River Rouge, on W bank Detroit River.

(188) Arrangements for the Great Lakes Towing Co. tugs are made through the dispatcher in Cleveland at 800-321-3663 or on VHF-FM via remote antenna. The Gaelic Tugboat Co. dispatcher in Detroit is reached at 313-283-2525 or on VHF-FM channel 16. (189) Detroit is a customs port of entry.

(190) Quarantine, customs, immigration, and agricultural quarantine.-(See chapter 3, Vessel Arrival Inspections, and appendix for addresses.)

(191) Quarantine is enforced in accordance with the regulations of the U.S. Public Health Service. (See Public Health Service, chapter 1.)

(192) Coast Guard.-A Marine Safety Office and a Coast Guard base are at Detroit. (See appendix for address.) Belle Isle Coast Guard Station is on the SE side of Belle Isle.

(193) Wharves.-Detroit has numerous deep-draft facilities along the Detroit River. (For a complete description of the port facilities, refer to Port Series No. 45, published and sold by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. See appendix for address.) The alongside depths given are reported depths. (For information on the latest depths, contact the operators.) Most of the facilities described have rail and highway connections, and some have water and electrical shore-power connections.

(194) Detroit Coke Corp., Detroit River Dock: W side of the Detroit River immediately above the mouth of Old Channel; 640foot face, 1,130 feet with dolphins; 22 feet alongside; deck height, 6 feet; open storage for 220,000 tons of coal; receipt of coal; owned and operated by Detroit Coke Corp.

(195) Detroit Edison Co. Delray Plant Wharf: 2,000 feet above the mouth of Old Channel; 450-foot face; 24 feet alongside; deck height, 71⁄2 feet; pipeline to storage tanks, capacity 250,000 barrels; receipt of fuel oil; owned and operated by Detroit Edison Co.

(196) City of Detroit, Mistersky Power Station Wharf: 0.8 mile above Detroit Edison Co. Delray Plant Wharf; 1,049-foot face; 28 feet alongside; deck height, 6 feet; pipelines extend to tank storage, capacity 450,000 barrels; receipt of fuel oil; owned by city of Detroit and operated by Public Lighting Department.

(197) Nicholson Terminal and Dock Co., Summit Street Dock: W side of the river 0.9 mile below Ambassador Bridge; 480-foot face; 28 feet alongside; deck height, 6 feet; 100,000 square feet covered storage; 16 acres open storage; cranes to 200 tons; receipt and shipment of general and containerized cargo, and steel, and bulk liquids; owned by city of Detroit and operated by Nicholson Terminal and Dock Co.

(198) Detroit Marine Terminals, Clark Avenue Wharf: 0.6 mile below Ambassador Bridge; 2,130 feet of berthing space; 27 feet alongside; deck height, 6 feet; 25,000 square feet covered storage; 25 acres open storage; cranes to 200 tons; receipt and shipment of general and containerized cargo and steel; shipment of tallow; owned and operated by Detroit Marine Terminals, Inc. (199) Huron Cement Wharf: (42°19′50′′N., 83°01′45′′W.); 589-foot face; 21 feet alongside; deck height, 5 feet; open storage for 30,000 tons of stone and 15,000 tons of sand; pipelines extend

to storage silos for 28,000 tons of cement; receipt of limestone and bulk cement; owned by Huron Cement, division of National Gypsum Co., and operated by Huron Cement, division of National Gypsum Co., and Koening Fuel and Supply Co.

(200) Medusa Cement Detroit Dock: (42°19′59′′N., 83°01′24′′W.); 225-foot face; 28 feet alongside; deck height, 6 feet; vessels discharge into receiving hopper with conveyor to storage silos, capacity 2,900 tons, system operates at 1,500 tons per hour; receipt of bulk cement; owned and operated by Medusa Cement Co., division of Medusa Corp.

(201) Detroit Edison, Conners Creek Coal Wharf: (42°21′17′′N., 82°57′18′′W.); 420-foot face; 16 to 21 feet alongside; deck height, 5 feet; open storage for 250,000 tons of coal; pipeline extends to storage tank, capacity 125,000 barrels; receipt of fuel oil and coal; owned and operated by Detroit Edison Co. (202) Supplies.-Marine supplies and provisions of all types are available at Detroit. Water is available at many of the wharves. Number 1, 2, and 6 fuel oils are available, mostly by barge, but by truck at some locations and by pipeline at the Shell Oil Co. and Texaco docks in River Rouge.

(203) Repairs.-Detroit has no facilities for drydocking deepdraft vessels, but medium-draft vessels may drydock at the Nicholson Terminal and Dock Co. Pier, 1.4 miles below the mouth of Short Cut Canal. Detroit Boat Basin, Inc., opposite the N side

of Belle Isle, performs repairs to pleasure and occasionally small commercial craft. A 200-ton marine railway with 7 feet over the keel blocks, a 20-ton marine elevator, and machine, carpenter, welding, and paint shops are available. The largest vessel handled by the marine railway is 135 feet.

(204) Small-craft facilities.-Detroit has several small-craft facilities, most of which are opposite the head of Belle Isle. Transient berths, gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, electricity, sewage pump-out facilities, marine supplies, and a launching ramp are available. Hoists to 50 tons and marine railways to 200 tons are available for hull, engine, and electronic repairs.

(205) Ferries.-Several ferries operate from landings at Detroit. Two companies carry railroad cars back and forth across the river to Windsor, Ont. A passenger excursion ferry operates to the amusement park on Bois Blanc Island in the lower part of the river.

(206) The U.S. Postal Service operates a Marine Post Office at Detroit. A special mail boat delivers and receives mail from vessels passing through the river, usually meeting them at the Ambassador Bridge. Arrangements can be made with 1 hour advance notice by contacting agent "Westcott" on VHF-FM channels 10 or 16.

(207) Communications.-Detroit has excellent rail and highway connections. The city has several airports.

(7) General description.-Lake St. Clair is an expansive shallow basin, with low, marshy shores and a flatly sloping bottom. The lake has a greatest natural depth of 21 feet. St. Clair River flows from N and enters the N part of the lake through several channels of a wide delta area. The outflow of the lake is at the SW end through the Detroit River. The chief importance of the lake is the dredged deep-draft channel that leads across it to connect Detroit River and St. Clair River. No large commercial facilities or harbors are on the lake.

(8) Fluctuations of water level.-The normal elevation of the lake surface varies irregularly from year to year. During the course of each year, the surface is subject to a consistent seasonal rise and fall, the lowest stages prevailing during the winter and the highest during the summer.

(9) In addition to the normal seasonal fluctuations, oscillations of irregular amount and duration are also produced by storms. Sudden changes in wind or barometric pressure can cause fluctuations of 1 foot or more that may last several hours. At other times, strong winds of sustained speed and direction drive forward a greater volume of surface water than can be carried off by the lower return currents, thus raising the water level on the lee shore and lowering it on the windward shore. This effect is more pronounced in bays, where the impelled water is concentrated in a small space by converging shores, especially if coupled with a gradually sloping inshore bottom which even further reduces the flow of the lower return currents. This effect is very pronounced in Anchor Bay.

(10) Weather.-Strong winds associated with squall lines or winter storms occasionally whip across Lake St. Clair causing a danger to shipping. One July, a line of thunderstorms generated a 61-knot, 1-minute windspeed recorded by a ship traversing the lake. Peak gusts at Selfridge Air National Guard Base have been clocked in the 60-knot range in spring and late fall, and in the 40to 50-knot range at other times during the navigation season. Winds over the lake frequently blow out of the S through W, but numerous local effects come into play on this shallow body of water. At Selfridge, northerlies and northwesterlies are also fre

quent, particularly during the morning hours, while southeasterlies are common during spring and summer afternoons.

(11) While haze, smoke, and pollution often drop visibilities below 7 miles, on 9 to 13 days per month, they seldom fall to less than 0.5 mile. Fog, the principal cause of very poor visibilities, is most likely in autumn and early spring. Visibilities of less than 0.5 mile occur on about 2 to 3 days per month during these periods. (12) Ice.--Ice forms early on this body of water, usually starting in the shallows of Anchor Bay, along the St. Clair shores, and in the E at Mitchell Bay. Because of prevailing winds and currents, the W side of the lake is the last to become covered and the first to clear. Navigation is usually extremely limited by early December. The broken track through the lake closes quickly, but little rafting or ridging occurs. The head of the Detroit River is relatively icefree for the entire winter, except for minor ice jams. Heaviest ice cover usually occurs in late February or early March. Thawing is rapid and is aided by the winds and currents, which move drifting floes to the head of the Detroit River, where strong river currents move them downstream. The lake is usually open by early April. (13) Navigation regulations.-A vessel traffic reporting system and related navigation regulations have been established for the connecting waters from Lake Erie to Lake Huron. (See 33 CFR 162.130 through 162.140, chapter 2, for regulations.)

(14) Vessel Traffic Service.-The Canadian Coast Guard operates a Vessel Traffic Service in Canadian waters from Long Point in Lake Erie through the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers to De Tour Reef Light in Lake Huron. (See Chapter 3 and the Annual Edition of Canadian Notices to Mariners for complete information.) (15)

Pilotage.-The waters of Lake St. Clair are Great Lakes designated waters; registered vessels of the United States and foreign vessels are required to have in their service a United States or Canadian registered pilot. Registered pilots for Lake St. Clair are supplied by Lakes Pilots Association. (See appendix for address.) Pilot exchange points are just below the Ambassador Bridge in Detroit River and off Port Huron at the head of St. Clair River in about 43°05′30′′N., 82°24′42′′W. The pilot boat in the Detroit River, J.W. WESTCOTT II, has a black hull encircled by an orange band and a white cabin with the words "U.S. Mail" in black letters. Three pilot boats are at Port Huron; HURON BELLE has an international orange hull with an aluminum cabin, and HURON MAID and HURON LADY each have an international orange hull with a white cabin. (See Pilotage, chapter 3, and 46 CFR 401, chapter 2.)

(16)

Charts 14850, 14853, 14851.-The main vessel route across Lake St. Clair is through the dredged channel that leads from the head of the Detroit River NE for about 16 miles to St. Clair Cutoff Channel at the mouth of the St. Clair River. The channel is well marked throughout its length by lights and lighted and unlighted buoys, and at its lower end by a 227°45′ lighted range NE of Peche Island. A racon is at the front range light. The front range light is protected by riprap and should not be passed close aboard, even by vessels of shallow draft. Lake St. Clair Light (42°27.9′N., 82°45.3′W.), 52 feet above the water, is shown from a white square tower on a cylindrical base on the NW side of the channel at the slight turn near its midpoint. A radar beacon (Racon) is at the light.

In September-November 1990, the controlling depth was 5 feet (27 feet at midchannel) in the Lake St. Clair ship channel. (18) A dumping ground, well marked by buoys, is on the SE ide of the dredged channel near its lower end. Although new umping above a depth of 8 feet is prohibited, there are shoals onsiderably above that depth, and the dumping ground is considred unsafe for navigation.

(19)

The W, or Michigan shore of Lake St. Clair, has been xtensively developed with homes, yacht clubs, and marinas. The Communities of Grosse Pointe Park, Grosse Pointe, Grosse Pointe Farms, Grosse Point Shores, and St. Clair Shores, suburban to Detroit, are on the W lakeshore extending from Windmill Point at the head of Detroit River N for about 10 miles. Several piers, some marked by private lights, extend as much as 0.5 mile into the lake with depths of 6 to 10 feet alongside.

(20)

Milk River is a small river flowing into Lake St. Clair on the NW side of Gaukler Point, 7.5 miles N of Windmill Point. A sunken wreck is about 0.8 mile 125° from Gaukler Point. A fixed highway bridge with a clearance of 8 feet crosses the river just above the mouth. About 0.2 mile above the bridge, just below another bridge, is a series of taintor gates that control the water level upstream. The river below the gates has been developed for small-craft berthing.

(21) A boulder ledge with depths of 2 feet extends 1.5 miles NNE from Gaukler Point. Buoys mark the E and W sides of the ledge, and a lighted buoy marks the N end.

(22) St. Clair Shores, Mich., extends along the lakeshore from the Milk River N for 6.5 miles. Miller Memorial Light (42°27.8′N., 82°52.8 W.), 260 feet above the water, is a prominent private aid shown from atop a high-rise apartment building, 0.3 mile N of the Milk River mouth.

(23) St. Clair Shores Coast Guard Station is 0.7 mile N of the light. A slow-no wake speed is enforced in the canals of St. Clair Shores and the adjacent waters of Lake St. Clair. The lakefront for about 1 mile N of Milk River has numerous large small

craft facilities. All types of marine services and supplies, including lifts to 40 tons, are available. The rest of the St. Clair Shores lakefront has private facilities with a few public parks and ramps.

(24) Cutoff Canal empties into the lake 7.5 miles N of Gaukler Point. The canal extends about 2 miles NW to a weir just below the junction with the Clinton River at Mount Clemens. During flood conditions, the canal diverts a major part of the flow of Clinton River. The canal has depths of 9 feet just inside the mouth, thence 6 feet to just below the weir, thence 2 feet and 1 foot below and above the weir, respectively.

(25) Point Huron (42°33.8′N., 82°47.1′W.) is the SE point of a projection of land that extends into Lake St. Clair NE of Cutoff Canal. Black Creek, on the N side of Point Huron, leads to an extensive area of privately dredged small-craft channels. The entrance to the creek is marked by private buoys and a private 297°15' lighted range. In 1977, the reported controlling depth was 5 feet through the entrance. A slow-no wake speed is enforced in the creek and connecting canals. Marinas at Metropolitan Beach on the W side of the waterway provide transient berths, water, ice, electricity, launching ramps, and sewage pump-out. One of the marinas, Metro Beach Metropark, was developed by the Michigan State Waterways Commission.

(26)

Anchor Bay, fed by North Channel of the St. Clair River, is the shallow N arm of Lake St. Clair N of Point Huron. A depth of about 8 feet can be carried across the bank that separates the S end of the bay from the main body of the lake. The best water across the bank is on a general N-S line just E of Point Huron Lighted Buoy 1PH (42°33.2′N., 82°44.9′W.). The central part of the bay has depths of about 10 feet with gradual shoaling toward the shores.

(27) Clinton River is a narrow crooked stream discharging into the W side of Anchor Bay about 2 miles N of Point Huron. The city of Mount Clemens, Mich., is about 7.3 miles above the mouth.

(28) Channels.-A dredged channel leads from Anchor Bay between two breakwaters through the mouth of the river and upstream to Mount Clemens. The S breakwater encloses a harbor basin on the S side of the channel at the mouth of the river. The entrance is marked by lighted and unlighted buoys, lights on the outer ends of the breakwaters, and a light on the N side of the river mouth. In July-August 1987, the controlling depths were 7 feet through the mouth of the river to Clinton Harbor Inner Light with 32 to 5 feet in the basin, thence 51⁄2 feet upstream to a point about 2 miles from the mouth, thence 2/2 feet to Bridgeview Avenue bridge, thence 3 feet to Edsel Ford Freeway I-94 bridge, and thence 11⁄2 feet in the N half of the channel to Cass Avenue bridge at Mount Clemens.

(29)

The controlling depth in the river above Mount Clemens is 2 feet, and the river is navigable by small boats for a considerable distance above Mount Clemens.

(30) Fluctuations of water level.-Winds cause day-to-day level changes of sometimes more than 1 foot. Each year, spring freshets raise the water level at Mount Clemens from 6 to 9 feet above normal.

(31) Caution.-The entrance channel should not be approached from the S because of an obstruction, covered 4 feet, 0.4 mile ESE of the S breakwater. Small craft are cautioned not to navigate between the dredged channel and the N breakwater, because of very shallow water.

(33) (34) Small-craft facilities.-Numerous marinas on the Clinton River provide gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, electricity, sewage pump-out, marine supplies, and launching ramps. Hoists to 100 tons are available for hull and engine repairs.

A slow-no wake speed is enforced on the Clinton River.

(35) Detroit Coast Guard Air Station is at Selfridge Air National Guard Base on the W side of Anchor Bay N of the Clinton River. Two basins for crash rescue craft are 2.4 and 3 miles NW of the Clinton River mouth. The SE basin is protected by a detached breakwater marked by three private lights, and the NW basin is marked by a private 261° lighted range that operates when the crash boats are deployed.

(36) The shore, N and NE of Selfridge Air National Guard Base, is indented by several small creeks and privately dredged canals developed for housing and small-craft facilities. A slow-no wake speed is enforced on these waterways.

(37) Salt River flows into the NW side of Anchor Bay about 4 miles N of the Clinton River mouth. The entrance to the river is marked by private lights on either side of the mouth and a private 018° lighted range. In 1977, the reported controlling depth was 3 feet through the entrance upstream for 2,000 feet. Several submerged concrete remains of former light structures are in the entrance channel; caution is advised. A slow-no wake speed is enforced in the Salt River. Marinas in the lower part of the river provide gasoline, water, ice, electricity, sewage pump-out, marine supplies, launching ramps, and a 40-ton hoist.

(38) New Baltimore, Mich., is on the N side of Anchor Bay at the mouth of Frog Creek about 5.5 miles NNE of the Clinton River. A slow-no wake speed is enforced in Frog Creek and in the small-craft channels at New Baltimore E of the creek. Marinas at New Baltimore provide gasoline, diesel fuel, water, ice, electricity, sewage pump-out, marine supplies, and a launching ramp. A 15ton lift is available for hull, engine, and electronic repairs. (39) Fair Haven, Mich., is a village on the NE shore of Anchor Bay at the mouth of Swan Creek about 4 miles E of New

Baltimore. Several privately dredged canals lead to marinas off both sides of the lower part of the creek. The approach to the creek is marked by buoys. In 1977, the reported controlling depth in Swan Creek was 4 feet. A slow-no wake speed is enforced in the creek and canals. The marinas provide transient berths, gasoline, water, ice, electricity, sewage pump-out, marine supplies, and a launching ramp. An 18-ton hoist is available for hull and engine repairs.

(40) The E side of Anchor Bay, from Fair Haven S, is a wide shallow area receiving the outflow from North Channel and Middle Channel of the St. Clair River.

(41) The St. Clair River flows into the NE side of Lake St. Clair through numerous channels. The delta region of the river, from North Channel SE to Chenal Ecarte, is described in chapter 9, St. Clair River.

(42) Mitchells Bay is a shallow bight at the NE corner of Lake St. Clair between the mouth of Chenal Ecarte on the N and Mitchells Point (42°26.6′N., 82°26.0′W.) on the S. A dredged channel leads N across the mouth of Mitchells Bay to the mouth of Chenal Ecarte. The channel, marked by buoys and a directional light showing a 354°41′-355°19′ white sector on Martin Island on the W side of the mouth of Chenal Ecarte, had a controlling depth of 22 feet in 1973. A 325-foot Government wharf is at the village of Mitchells Bay, Ont., on the E side of the bay. A marina N of the wharf provides gasoline and water. The preferred route to the wharf is from the E entrance to Chenal Ecarte, a cut 1.3 miles NE of Martin Island, through a buoyed channel leading S, thence ESE in a channel marked by a directional light showing a 105°–107° white sector, thence NE through the entrance to the wharf. In 1973, the controlling depth in the channels was 11⁄2 feet, however, all the channels in the bay are subject to considerable shoaling. The buoys are sometimes shifted to mark the best water. Four piles that bare are off the outer end of the wharf.

(43) Patricks Cove, at the S end of Mitchells Bay E of Mitchells Point, has two marinas that provide gasoline, water, and the usual small-craft facilities.

(44) The E shore of Lake St. Clair, from Mitchells Point S to the Thames River, is flat and marshy.

(45) Thames River empties into the SE corner of Lake St. Clair. A dredged channel, marked by buoys and a 147° lighted range, leads through shallows in the lake to the river mouth. In June 1993, the controlling depth was 42 feet on the entrance rangeline, but the channel is subject to shoaling and the buoys are sometimes moved to mark the best water. A depth of about 5 feet can be carried from the mouth of the river upstream for about 18.5 miles to Chatham, Ont., thence to Louisville, Ont., 7 miles above Chatham. A speed limit of 5 mph (4.3 knots) is enforced between the mouth of the river and Chatham. A 185-foot Government wharf on the S side of the river mouth has depths of 14 feet along the outer face. The NW and SE faces have depths of 81⁄2 and 13 feet, respectively, decreasing toward shore. A marina on the S side of the river just inside the mouth has reported depths of 12 feet in the approach and alongside the piers, transient berths, electricity, gasoline, water, ice, engine repairs, sewage pump-out, launching ramp, 30-ton lift, and towing services. A Canadian customs vessel reporting station is at the marina. A bascule bridge with a reported clearance of 15 feet crosses the river about 8 miles above the mouth.

(46) The S shore of the lake from the Thames River W to the Detroit River is generally flat and sandy with scattered boulders.