Berlin, phenology, 186.

Bernina hospice, sun temperatures, 238.
Bert, chlorophyl and light, 42.

Berthelot, ammonia and soils, 138, 139, 159.

light and vegetation, 38.
nitrifying bacteria, 147, 151.
Bertholon, germination, 42.

Bessel's formula in phenology, 212.
Bibliography, 365–375.

Billings, bacteriology of air, 130.
Birch, phenology of, 281, 290.

Birner, potatoes and moisture, 119.
Black-bulb temperatures, 171, 238.
Blight, wheat, 268.

Blooming, see Flowering.

Bodö, Norway, sunshine and cloudiness, 74.
Bogota, Colombia, wheat, 180.

Böhm, chlorophyl and light, 39.
Boitard, germination, 43.

Bokhara, Asia, plant development, 231, 232.
Bonnier, climate and vegetation, 40.

Boston, Mass., evaporation experiments, 105.
Boussingault, assimilation, 75-78.

coefficient of growth, 40.

fixation of nitrogen, 147, 155.
ripening of grain, 73.

soil nitrogen, 142, 143.

summation of temperatures, 169, 320-331.
thermal constants, 169.

vegetation and light, 37.

Braunschweig, Germany, phenology, 173.
Bréal, fixation of nitrogen, 137, 151-154.

Breslau, Germany, plant development, 217, 220,
231.

Brewer, cereals, 300-304.

wheat, 314-318.

Briem, beets and potatoes, 309.

sugar beets and rainfall, 125.

Broadcast sowing, 337, 355–358.

Brogniart, germination, 44.

Brookings, S. Dak., cereals, 318-331.

soil temperatures, 59, 60.

Brunswick, Germany, phenology, 173.

Brussels, Belgium, phenology, 182-186, 213-214.

Buckwheat, albuminoids and cellulose, 18.

water content, 116.

Bunsen, photochemical researches, 92.
Bunt, wheat, 341.

Burckhardt, germination, 28.

Burgundy, France, thermal constants, 257.

Caldwell, maize experiments, 333.
Calendar, phenological, 292.

Calèves, France, harvest and rainfall, 246.
California, plant growth and cold, 129.
Campbell-Stokes, sunshine recorder, 99.
Canada, soil temperatures, 63.

sunshine recorder, 99.

thaws and tree growth, 128.

Candolle, de, beans, 307, 309.
chlorophyl, 76.

climatic laboratory, 7, 24.
germination, 28-36, 43.

summation of temperatures, 40.

thermal constants, 278.
vegetation and light, 39.

Caracas, Venezuela, thunderstorms and nitrates,

135.

Carbohydrates, 17.

Carbon, assimilation of, 141.

Carbonic acid gas, absorption by plants, 18.

decomposition of, 38, 42.

exhalation of, 49, 50, 51.

Carlsruhe, Germany, phenology, 186, 235.

Catalogue of authorities, 365–375.

Catania, Italy, chemical intensity of sunshine, 94.
Cell structure, 16.

Cellulose, 16-18.

Celosia cristata, germination, 28–36.

Cereals, acclimatization, 300–304.

albuminoids, 312-314.

Brookings experiments, 318-331.
climate and soils, 364.

limit of cultivation, 187.
varieties, 251.

weather, 248.

Champagne, France, thermal constants, 251.

Charts, isophenological, 243.

Chemical measurement of sunshine, 96.

Chestnut, phenology, 282-290.

Chile, potatoes in, 80.

Chinook winds, 128.

Chiswick, England, radiation temperatures, 235,
238.

Chlorophyl, and absorbent media, 77.

climate, 77.

formation, 38, 42, 75.

function, 22.

light and air, 37.

Christiania, Sweden, acclimatization, 233.

thermal constants, 217.

Clausius, sunlight, 81, 82.

Climate and cereals, 364.

changes of, 295–298.

control of, 9.

favorable and unfavorable, 16.

influence on crops, 364.

plant structure, 77.

sugar beets, 259–263.

wheat, 251-256, 263–272.

vegetation, 188, 244, 245.

Climatic laboratory, 7, 24-27.

Climatic tables, for phenological study, 272–277.

Climatic zones, 221, 224.

Climatology, 15..

Cloëz, chlorophyl, 75.

Cloudiness, and absorption of carbonic acid

gas, 47.

actinometry, 90.

data for phenology, 273.
soil temperature, 21.

Clover, albuminoids, 18.
fertilization by, 158.

fixation of nitrogen, 160.
water consumption, 113, 119.
Codazzi, thermal constants, 170.
Coefficient of growth, 40.

Colin, germination, 33, 37.

thermal constants, 170.

Collomia coccinea, germination, 28–36.

Colombia, wheat, 180.

Columbia, S. C., prize corn crop, 165.

Comparison of harvests, 362-363.

Compensation, theory of, 219.

Composition of crops, 18.

Conjugate thermometers, 81–89, 97, 283.

Constant, solar, 91.

Constants, phenological, 168, 189–191, 223–226, 239,

uncertainty of, 229.

Corn. See Maize.

prize crops, 164.

Cornell University, germination experiments, 37.

Corvallis, Oregon, soil temperatures, 62.

Cotton, 303-306.

Coutagne, phenological formula, 178-179.

Cracow, Austria-Hungary, fixation of nitrogen,
154.

Crops and fertilizers, 162-166.

water and, 116.

weather and, 247-251.

Cultivation and evaporation, 108.

crops, 331, 355-358.

prize crop, 165.

soil moisture and drainage, 114, 115.
Cuminum cyminum and latitude, 244.
Currant, phenology, 280.
Cyanometer, 99.

Darkness and absorption, 48, 50.
exhalation, 51.
germination, 42, 43, 45.
respiration, 19.

vegetation, 37.

Darwin, germination, 44.

Daubeny, light and vegetation, 26.
sunshine and temperature, 71.
Day-degrees, 73.

Deblanchis, leaf temperature, 174.
vegetation and temperature, 174.

Decades, Dove's, 274.

Degree, actinometric, 85, 86, 177.
Dehérain, fertilization, 145, 158.
soil nitrogen, 142.
transpiration, 69-71.

Desains, actinometer, 99.

chlorophyl, 76.

Descroix, Ballani's actinometer, 97.
evaporation data, 104.
phenological data, 273-274.

Detmer, germination, 44.

plant development and cold, 338-340.

Diastase, 17.

Dodge, seeding and crop yield, 357-358.

statistical tables, 7.

Döllen, acclimatization gardens, 221.
Dombes, France, fixation of nitrogen, 150.
Dorpat, Russia, thermal constants, 238.

Dove, climatic factors, 234.

pentads and decades, 102, 274.

Drainage and soil nitrogen, 364.

Draper, light and chlorophyl, 76.

light and vegetation, 26.

Drill planting, 334, 337, 355-358.

Drontheim (Throndhjem), Norway, plant devel-

opment, 39.

Drought, 337, 363.

Drouin, nitrifying bacteria, 149, 159.

Dryness and plant growth, 19, 80.

Duchartre, germination, 44.

Durasno, Teneriffe, acclimatization garden, 221.
Durin, sugar beets, 310.

Dust, atmospheric, 130.

Ebermayer, forest temperatures, 7.

Economy in plant-life, 232.

Edwards, germination, 33, 37.
thermal constants, 170.
Effective temperature, 170.
Eggs, grasshopper, 36.
hatching, 36.

Eisenlohr, phenology, 235.

Elder, phenology of the, 281-290.
Electricity, atmospheric, 131.

and vegetation, 27.

Elevation, influence on date of harvest, 278, 279.

See also Altitude.

Emory, soil thermometers, 66.

Engelmann, chlorophyl, 77.

England, average wheat crop, 179.

soil temperature, 58.

transpiration. 69.

wheat and temperature, 180, 181.

Epernay, France, wine crop and weather, 256, 257.
Epochs, phenological, 167, 172.

Erman, acclimatization of grain, 220.

phenological constants, 212.
Europe, grain culture, 243–247.
grape culture, 295–298.
phenological charts, 243.
phenological epochs, 171–172.
Evaporation and crop yield, 245, 246.
cultivation, 108.

data for phenology, 273.
from a plant, 19.

soil temperature, 53.
water surface, 104.
wind, 107.

Evaporimeter, Piche, 106.
Everett, soil temperature, 58.
Exhalation of carbonic acid gas, 49–52.
Experimental hothouses, 24-37.

plats, 352-355.

Factors, climatological, 223, 232, 234.

Faivre, germination and light, 44.

Falling of leaves, epoch of, 186.

Fécamp, France, chemical effect of sunshine, 96.
Ferrel, actinometric theory, 83, 188.
Fertilization, clover, 158.

Fertilizers, 162-166.

crop yield, 121.

nitrogen, 133, 134.

rotation of crops, 162.

soil temperature, 54.

Fittbogen, water and crops, 118, 122, 123.

Fitzgerald evaporation, 105.

Fixation of nitrogen, 136–161.

Flahault, chlorophyl, 39.

sunlight, 40.

Flax, water consumption, 125.

Fleischer, germination, 44.
Flowering, and altitude, 278.

epoch of, 182, 185, 278-290.
phenological constant of, 291, 293.
second, 218.

Flowering, and temperature, 172.

thermal constant, 191, 226.

of vine, 257.

of wheat, 252, 267.

Food crops, cells of, 16.

Forest, and change of climate, 296.
studies, 8.

temperature variations in, 7.
thaws, 128.

Formulæ, actinometric, Ferrel's, 88.
Lambert's, 84.

Laplace's 84.

Marié-Davy's, 88.

evaporation, Fitzgerald's, 105.

Russell's, 106.

phenological, Bessel's, 212.

Kabsch's, 173.

Foster, maize, 324–327.

Fractional parts, law of, 223, 232.

France, phenology, 278-290.

rye and wheat, 41.

Frank, fixation of nitrogen, 157, 159.

fungi and plant growth, 138.

Frankfort, Germany, phenological obervations,

236, 243.

Frear, maize, 333.

Freezing, germination at, 33.

plants and seeds, 338, 340.

Fritsch, phenological epochs, 167-189.

phenological experiments, 189–211.
phenological list, 191.

phenological predictions, 242.

Fritz, changes of climate, 295–298.

Frondescence, 293.

Frost, and plant development, 237, 252, 256.

and wheat, 266, 340.

Fructification, 293.

Fruit, color and sunlight, 77.

ripening of, 15.

Fungi, distribution, 340.

and plant development, 138.

Gardner, light and vegetation, 26.
Garreau, assimilation, 67.
Gasparin, effective temperature, 170.
flowering of grape, 257.
initial temperature, 251, 279.
phenological epochs, 172.
phenological list, 172.

sun temperatures, 39.

thermal constants, 169, 278.

wheat, 251, 252, 264.

wind and vegetation, 129.

Gautier, nitrifying bacteria, 149, 159.

Geneva, N. Y., cultivation and bacteria, 108.

fertilization experiments, 163.

maize and peas, 335-337.

plat experiments, 353.

soil temperatures, 53.

Geneva, Switzerland, phenology, 186.

Geography, plant, 40, 233.

Georgeson, soil temperatures, 54.

Germany, potatoes, 80.

Germination, absorption of oxygen, 18, 48, 49.

albumen, 35.

beginning, 35.

light, 37, 42, 52.

Germination, absorption of moisture, 31.

temperature, 28-36.

Germs and agriculture, 130.

forests, 130.

Giessen, Germany, phenology, 236–243.
phenological calendar, 292.
Gilbert, evaporation, 245.
fertilizers, 145.

nitrogen, fixation of, 151.
in rain, 135.

loss by soils, 142.

sources of, 137.

plat experiments, 355.

Girard, rainfall and sugar beets, 126.

Gluten, in wheat, 41.

Goff, percolation, 109.

soil temperatures, 53.

Goodale, physiological studies, 15.

Görlitz, plant development, 231.
Gossypium, 303-306.

Grain, acclimatization, 220.

culture in Europe, 243-247.
thermal constants, 73.
Grandeau, nutrition of plants, 40.
Grape, and climate, 295-298.

crop and weather, 256-259.
water consumption, 13.

Grasses, acclimatization, 299.
germination, 307.

time of harvest, 310, 312.

water consumption, 113, 119.

Grasshopper, hatching, 36.

Grassmann, sugar beets and rainfall, 126.

Gratiolet, chlorophyl and temperature, 75.

Gray, phenological observations, 292.

Green, soil thermometers, 65.

Greenhouses, 79.

Greenwich, England, soil temperatures, 58, 59.
Grignon, France, fertilization, 145.

"Gröbers," Germany, experiment station, 125.
Gröningen, Netherlands, phenology, 186.
Growth, coefficient, 40.

factors of, 244-245.

influence of light and heat, 37.
plant, 15.

Guastalla, Italy, phenology, 185.
Guettard, transpiration, 69.

Guillemin, light and vegetation, 26.

Guntz, chlorophyl and climate, 77.

Guyot, phenological observations, 292.

Haberlandt, crops and water, 116, 122, 123.

oats and light, 39.

soil evaporation, 110.

wheat, germination, 339.

Habit, law of, 232.

Haddonfield, N. J., wheat and temperature, 180.

Hallett, wheat, 301.

Halsnö, Norway, sunshine, 74.

Hamburg, Germany, plant development, 231.

Hammond, cotton, 305, 306.

Harrisburg, Pa., maize experiments, 333.

Harvard University, botanical experiments, 27.

Harvest and climate, 364.

epoch of, 278-290.

heat and moisture, 23.

quantity and quality, 23.

water supply, 116-118.