and is now occupied with a fourth edition of it in Hebrew and Latin, the printing of which is already far advanced. This may be regarded as an abstract of the yet unprinted Thesaurus; inasmuch as he collects materials for the latter, from which materials the articles for the former are made out. That is to say, the Manual contains the results of his investigations, while the larger work will contain sometimes the investigations themselves, at other times the results in a more extended form. The Manual is expected to be ready at the next Leipsic fair. The retail price of the German one is about $3 bound; that in Latin will probably not cost much more.

The Thesaurus, so far as printed, after lying in the printer's loft for three years, was at length published as the first number in January last. In a notice on the cover the following points are specified by the author, as forming the chief characteristics of the work: (1) That being intended for scholars and not for beginners, the work is arranged in the etymological order, while the manuals are in alphabetical order. (2) That all the proper names are included and illustrated. (3) That in quoting the passages in which a word is found, in general all such passages are given, unless where the number is great and the citation of them would be unimportant. (4) That where the author differs from the received opinion, or sometimes from himself, the reasons are given at length, in order to avoid the charge of rashness, which is often made, e. g. against J. D. Michaelis. (5) That in the citation of authorities reference is more frequently had to the older interpreters, and every where, as much as possible, to the ultimate sources.

The number published comprises, as is said above, the first three letters of the alphabet. There are to be three more numbers. The work is printed on paper of two kinds; the one at three rix dollars the number, and the other at four. The retail price of the whole work therefore will be about $8,50 and $11,50. This work is of so much importance to all lovers of Hebrew literature, that it seems not improper to insert here a specimen of it; and the article to weep is selected for that purpose on account of its brevity, rather than because of any particular merit. It is here printed line for line, verbatim et literatim.

flevit. (Ita in וַיִּבְךָ .convers יִבְכָּה .fut בכה

omnibus linguis dialectisque cognatis, ut chald. syr. sam. nasor. arab. aethiop. melit.). Usurpatur tam de puero

vagiente Exod. II, 6, quam de viro lacrimas fundente Gen. XLIII, 31. 2 Sam. XIX, 2, saepissime de populo in publicis calamitatibus lamentante Num. XI, 10. XXV, 6. 2 Sam. XV, 23. Jes. XXX, 19, spec. de poenitentibus, supplicantibus et publico luctu Esr. X, 1. Zach. VII, 3 (coll. 5). ludd. XX, 26. Constr. c. acc. et valet deflevit, luxit aliquem, maxime mortuum. Gen. XXIII, 2. XXXVII, 35. L, 3. Lev. X, 6. Deut. XXI, 13, it. sequ. personae vel rei, quam deploramus, lugemus Thren. I, 16. Iudd. XI, 37: ningby deplorabo aetatem meam virgineam sc. tam mature devovendam; sequ. 2 Sam. I, 24. Ezech. XXVII. 31 et Jer. XXII, 10. Iob. XXX, 25.

sequ. praeterea valet: lamentatus est adversus aliquem, lamentando adiit eum Num. XI, 13. Iudd. XIV, 16; et flevit super aliquo i. e. in amplexu eius, lacrimis eum rigans. Gen. XLV, 15: osculatus est fratres suos et lacrimis eos rigavit. L, 1.

Pi. deflevit, luxit mortuum Jer. XXXI, 15. Ezech. VIII, 14.

in Pausa ", c. Suff. "3 m. 1) id. (Syr. La) Gen. XLV, 2. Jes. XV, 3. XXII, 4 cet. Spec. de luctu Deut. XXXIV, 8.

eiulatum magnum

edidit 2 Sam. XIII, 36. Jes. XXXVIII, 3. fletus acerbissimus Jer. XXXI, 15. - 2) stillatio, lacrimatio aquae in metallifodinis Iob. XXVIII, 11. Ita flere pro rorare, stillare ap. Lucret. 1, 350, dánovov lacrima de guttis, quae ex plantis emanant (cf. 7).

Cf. Net puteus flens i. e. rorans, tenui aqua praeditus (Schult. ad h. 1.).

(flentes) n. pr. loci prope Gilgal. Iudd. II, 1. 5.

f. fletus, luctus. Gen. XXXV,8: ne b quercus luctus. Cod. Sam. AMY9, cf. L, 4. f. id. Gen. L, 4.

3. The Prophet Isaiah, translated by W. Gesenius, Ed. 2. Leips. 1829. This is a new edition of the translation alone, without the commentary; the sale of the former having been more rapid than that of the latter. The version every where bears marks of the file; and the author has bestowed particular attention upon the rendering of the particles, and of the frequent instances of Paronomasia. A few notes are appended at the end, explaining the reasons of some changes in this edition.

4. A Translation of the Psalms, with a Commentary, by W. M. L. De Wette, Ed. 3. Heidelb. 1829. De Wette may be justly regarded as possessing more taste, than any of the German scholars of the day; and his version of the Psalms stands preeminent above all others. The commentary is brief, but valuable for its taste and philology. The third edition has every where received the improvements, which suggested themselves to the author's mind in the progress of his studies.

5. Rosenmuelleri Scholia in Vetus Testamentum, Pars IX. Scripta Salomonis complectens. Vol. I. Proverbia. Leips. 1829. The commentary on the book of Proverbs is at length published, and is to be followed by the books of Ecclesiastes and Canticles. This part is of the same general character as the preceding parts. When Part IX. shall have been completed, the commentaries of this author will cover the whole of the Old Testament, excepting the historical books which follow the Pentateuch, and the book of Daniel.

It is already perhaps generally known, that a young scholar, under the supervision of Rosenmüller himself, is making a Compendium of his multitudinous volumes. Thus the Scholia on the Pentateuch, which fill three volumes, are here reduced to one; which is all that is yet published. This compendium will of course be much better adapted to American students than the original; since it contains all the results, without the discussions and interminable prolixity of the larger work.

II. Literature of the New Testament.

1. Novum Testamentum Graece. Textum ad fidem testium criticorum recensuit, lectionum familias subjecit, e Graecis codicibus manuscriptis, qui in Europae et Asiae bibliothecis reperiuntur fere omnibus, e versionibus antiquis, conciliis, sanctis Patribus et Scriptoribus ecclesiasticis quibuscunque vel primo vel iterum collatis copias criticas addidit, atque conditionem horum

testium criticorum historiamque textus Novi Testamenti in prolegomenis fusius exposuit, praeterea Synaxaria codicum KM 262, 274 typis exscribenda curavit Dr J. Mart. Augustinus Scholz. Vol. I. IV Evangelia complectens.

The whole of this long title is here given, because it exhibits the whole of Dr Scholz's plan in regard to his edition of the New Testament. The work is finely printed in quarto, on good paper; and the first volume contains 172 pages of Prolegomena, and 496 pages of text. Dr S. has now been twelve years occupied with this great work. His first object was to obtain materials; and for this purpose he visited in person the libraries of Paris, Vienna, Munich, Landshut, Berlin, Trèves, London, Geneva, Turin, Florence, Venice, Parma, Rome, Naples, of the Greek monasteries at Jerusalem, of St. Saba, and the isle of Patmos; and collated, either wholly or in great part, all the manuscripts of the New Testament which are to be found in all those libraries, in Greek, Latin, Arabic, etc. comparing them with the text of Griesbach. He professes also to have gone through most of the ancient versions anew, and to have subjected to a new examination all the passages quoted in the fathers and in the acts of councils. Besides these he has also employed the collations, made public by others, of manuscripts in the libraries of England, Ireland, the Escurial, Copenhagen, Franckfort, Dresden, Leipsic, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Hungary, etc.

The Prolegomena contain a history of the text, and a description and critical estimation of all the various sources of authority. The text is accompanied, in the inner margin, by the families of readings, as he calls them, that is, the general readings found in the three great families or classes of manuscripts, the Constantinopolitan, Alexandrine, and Occidental or the Textus receptus. The outer margin gives the more detailed specifications.

Such is the general plan of this immense work, which, it is easy to see, transcends the powers of any one man, let him be even Griesbach himself, and live to twice the number of his years. It is also obvious that the collations mentioned above, must have been exceedingly rapid and cursory; and probably no future critics will be disposed to place much reliance upon them. Indeed, it was the general impression of the protestant critics in Germany, such as Neander and Wegscheider, and all those who lie between these two extremes, that little solid advance in bib

lical criticism was to be expected from this work. Since the publication of it, however, no notice of it has reached us from that land of critics.

2. Novum Testamentum Graece, recognovit G. C. Knapp. Editio IV. Halae 1829. This new edition of Knapp's Greek Testament is probably more correct than the third; as it was revised with very great care, by the same scholar who corrected the sheets of the new edition of Griesbach. The additions at the end are also arranged in a more convenient form.

3. Commentaries on the New Testament. The commentary of Kuinoel remains still the best on the historical books; although even Wegscheider reproaches him for his indecision and hesitancy between orthodoxy and rationalism. The work contains a treasure of philological and historical illustration.— Fritzsche of Rostock has publishad a second volume, comprising the Gospel of Mark. He has adopted the grammatical method, which he urges to an extreme.-A commentary on the whole of the New Testament is in progress by Olshausen of Königsberg, who is mentioned by Professor Hahn on p. 132 of this work. The friends of religion in Germany are looking forward to it with interest.-A commentary on the Epistles and Apocalypse, intended as a continuation of Kuinoel, is announced by Schott of Jena and Winzer of Leipsic, but no portion of it has yet appeared.—A selection of commentaries on particular books, is more easy. Kuinoel is about to publish on Corinthians. Mr Tauchnitz informed the writer that he was to print the work, and expected the manuscript shortly. This was in April last. Heydenreich, an evangelical man, has also published on these, and on the pastoral Epistles. The latter work, especially, is highly spoken of in Prof. Tholuck's Journal. Winer on Galatians is popular and valuable for its philology. From evangelical men we have the commentary of Lücke on the writings of John, the two last volumes of which are in a different and better style and spirit than the first; Tholuck on the Gospel of John and the Epistle to the Romans, the last of which was described to the writer by De Wette as the best extant, while the former is more adapted to the wants of younger students; Rheinwald on Philippians, with a preface by Neander; and Pelt on Thessalonians; not to mention the various works of Flatt, which have been published from his manuscripts, and which are judicious rather than profound. Bochmer of Greifswalde has also recently published an Introduction