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(e) A decision upon review completed as provided by this section shall constitute the final decision and action of the Bureau as to the availability of a requested record, except as may be required by court proceedings initiated pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 552(a) (3).

(f) Reconsiderations resulting in final decisions as prescribed herein shall be indexed and kept available for public reference in the facility.

§ 60.12 Subpoena or other compulsory

process.

Procedures applicable in the event of a subpoena, order, or other compulsory process or demand of a court or other authority are set forth in section 7 of Department Order 64.

Notice and public procedure are not necessary for the promulgation of this part since the rules contained herein are procedural rather than substantive in nature and relate to agency management.

PART 70-CUTOFF DATE FOR RECOGNIZING BOUNDARY CHANGES FOR THE 1970 CENSUSES

Sec.

70.1 Cutoff date and the effect on enumeration.

70.2 County subdivision defined for census purposes.

70.3 Effect on boundary changes after the cutoff date.

AUTHORITY: The provisions of this Part 70 issued under 13 U.S.C. 4, 5; and the delegation to the Director, Bureau of the Census by Department of Commerce Order No. 85.

SOURCE: The provisions of this Part 70 appear at 32 F.R. 15154, Nov. 2, 1967.

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§ 70.2

County subdivision defined for census purposes.

For purposes of this part, county subdivisions are defined to include the areas identified by the Bureau of the Census as minor civil divisions. Although civil and judicial townships are the most frequent type of minor civil division, there are also beats, election districts, magisterial districts, towns, and other areas. A more complete description appears on page XXI of "1960 Census of Population, Volume I, Part A.”

§ 70.3 Effect of boundary changes after the cutoff date.

Changes in boundaries that become effective after January 1, 1970, will not be recognized by the Bureau of the Census in taking the 1970 Federal censuses. The residents of any area which is transferred to another jurisdiction after January 1, 1970 will be enumerated in the census as residents of the area in which their respective residences were located on January 1.

CHAPTER II-NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS,

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

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SUBCHAPTER D-STANDARDS FOR BARRELS

Barrels and other containers for lime.

Barrels for fruits, vegetables and other dry commodities, and for cranberries.

SUBCHAPTER E-FELLOWSHIPS AND RESEARCH ASSOCIATES

Fellowships in laboratory standardization and testing for qualified citizens of other American Republics.

Research Associate Program.

SUBCHAPTER F-STANDARDS FOR SAFETY DEVICES

Standard for devices to permit the opening of household refrigerator doors from the inside.

Sec.

SUBCHAPTER A-MEASUREMENT SERVICES

PART 200-POLICIES, SERVICES,

PROCEDURES, AND FEES

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200.114 Use of results or reports. 200.115 Fees and bills. 200.116 Description of services and list of fees, incorporation by reference. AUTHORITY: The provisions of this Part 200 are issued under sec. 9, 31 Stat. 1450, as amended; 15 U.S.C. 277. Interprets or applies sec. 7, 70 Stat. 959; 15 U.S.C. 275a.

SOURCE: The provisions of this Part 200 appear at 32 F.R. 21012, Dec. 29, 1967, unless otherwise noted.

§ 200.100 Statutory functions.

(a) The National Bureau of Standards has been assigned the following functions (15 U.S.C. 271-278e):

(1) The custody, maintenance, and development of the national standards of measurement, and the provision of means and methods for making measurements consistent with those standards, including the comparison of standards used in scientific investigations, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, and educational institutions with the standards adopted or recognized by the Government.

(2) The determination of physical constants and properties of materials when such data are of great importance to scientific or manufacturing interests and are not to be obtained with sufficient accuracy elsewhere.

(3) The development of methods for testing materials, mechanisms, and structures, and the testing of materials, supplies, and equipment, including items purchased for use of Government departments and independent establishments.

(4) Cooperation with other governmental agencies and with private organizations in the establishment of standard practices, incorporated in codes and specifications.

(5) Advisory service to Government agencies on scientific and technical problems.

(6) Invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government.

(b) The calibration and testing activities of the Bureau stem from the functions in paragraph (a) (1) and (3) of this section. These activities are assigned primarily to the NBS Institute for Basic Standards. Its program provides the central basis within the United States for a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system and the measurement system of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce.

(c) The provision of standard reference materials for sale to the public is assigned to the Office of Standard Reference Materials of the NBS Institute for Materials Research. It evaluates the requirements of science and industry for carefully characterized reference materials, stimulates the Bureau's efforts to develop methods for production of needed reference materials and directs their production and distribution. For information on standard reference materials see Subchapter B, Chapter II, of this Title 15.

(d) The provision of technical services to facilitate technical innovation and industrial use of the results of modern science and technology is assigned to the NBS Institute for Applied Technology. The principal elements of the Institute are (1) a Center for Computer Sciences and Technology which conducts research and provides technical services designed to improve cost effectiveness in the conduct of agency programs through the use of computers and related techniques; (2) technical divisions which provide services in technology of more general applicability; and (3) the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information which promotes widest effective use by the scientific community, industry, and commerce of current information in all fields of industrial technology.

§ 200.101 Measurement research.

(a) The NBS Institute for Basic Standards carries out the Bureau's func

tions in developing an adequate national system of physical measurement, and in providing related calibration services. Its staff continually reviews the advances in science and the trends in technology, examines the measurement potentialities of newly discovered physical phenomena, and uses these to devise and improve standards, measuring devices, and measurement techniques. As new requirements appear, there are continual shifts of program emphasis to meet the most urgent needs for the measurement of additional quantities, extended ranges, or improved accuracies.

(b) The basic research and development activities of NBS are primarily funded by direct appropriations, and are aimed at meeting broad general needs. The Bureau may also undertake investigations or developments to, meet some specialized physical measurement problem of another Government agency, industrial group, or manufacturing firm, using funds supplied by the requesting organization.

$ 200.102 Standards for measurement. (a) An international treaty, the Metric Convention, was signed by 18 countries in 1875. In 1893 the United States established prototype No. 27 of the international meter bar and prototype No. 20 of the international kilogram as U.S. Prototype Standards for length and mass. Representatives of many of the 40 nations now adhering to this treaty meet periodically, in the General Conference of Weights and Measures, to consider detailed proposals concerning international standards for physical measurement. Successive Conferences have now agreed to adopt six units to serve as a practical base for an International system of Units (Système International d'Unités, abbreviated SI)-kilogram, meter, second, kelvin, ampere, and candela. These are arbitrarily chosen but precisely defined magnitudes of six physical quantities-mass, length, time, temperature, electric current and luminous intensity, respectively-which are signed unitary value in the International System. Because the system is coherent, the expressions for the other quantities of science and technology derived from these six through the equations of physics will also have unitary coefficients. The units of the English system— pound, inch, second, degree Fahrenheit, etc.-and of other systems of units are

as

related to the SI units by agreed-upon conversion factors.

(b) The SI units for the six quantities are defined as follows:

(1) In terms of a prototype object: (i) Mass: The "kilogram" is the mass of a platinum-irridium cylinder preserved at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sèvres, France. Prototype No. 20 is kept at NBS; equivalent prototypes are kept by other countries.

(2) In terms of natural phenomena:

(i) Length: The "meter" is the length of exactly 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of radiation in vacuum corresponding to the unperturbed transition between the levels 2p10 and 5ds of the atom of krypton 86, the orange-red line.

(ii) Time interval: The "second" was long defined as 1/86400 of the time required for an average complete rotation of the earth on its axis with respect to the sun. This, with daily corrections from zenith transits of a star, is the basis for a universal time scale (UT). With further correction for polar motion, it becomes UT1, and with further correction for annual seasonal variations, UT2. Also, the earth's average daily rotation rate has been decreasing, thereby increasing the length of each year by about 6 ms over the length of the preceding year. Because of this, and other larger random fluctuations, the universal second thus defined is not a constant. Consequently, the 11th Conference (1960) ratified the definition of a second based on ephemeris time (ET): "the fraction 1/31,556,925.9747 of the tropical year for January 0, 1900 at 12 o'clock ephemeris time." The 12th Conference (1964) authorized the designation of a cesium atom transition as a standard of frequency to be used temporarily for the physical measurement of time. The 13th Conference (1967) abrogated the 1960 action and decided that: The unit of time of the International System of Units is the second, defined in the following terms: "The second is the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the fundamental state of the atom of cesium 133."

(iii) Temperature: The "kelvin," the unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. It was decided by the 13th Conference that the same name, kelvin, and

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