equivalent to 'H' point to top-of-head dimensions of 33 inches and 29 inches. Adjustable seats shall be in the extreme forward position for the indicated 33 inch device and in the extreme rearward position for the indicated 29 inch device. The impact areas shall be that included between the arcs formed by the top-of-head point when each device is swung forward and also 45 degrees to each side of the longitudinal axis through each normal seating position. The knee and leg impact areas shall be established by the use of a type 1 seat belt restrained manikin or equivalent of approximately 95th percentile male dimensions and with the front seat in mid position.

"S3.2 Location and construction.

"S3.2.1 The structure of the instrument panel shall be such as to minimize injury to the head of an occupant upon impact or to be outside the established impact area. If within the impact area the panel shall be covered with energy absorbing cushioning material applied over a crushable or collapsible metal backing that will deform and expand the areas of contact. There shall be no protruding or sharp rigid edges in the impact area and/or under the cushioning material in the impact area. Tests shall be in accordance with SAE Recommended Practice for Instrument Panel Laboratory Impact Test Procedure. J921, and the deceleration of the head form when impacting the panel at 22 feet per second shall not exceed an effective maximum value of 80 gs in 60 milliseconds excluding all portions of the deceleration time curve of less than 3 milliseconds duration.

"8.3.2.2 The lower portion of the instrument panel shall contain no sharp or protruding edges within the knee and leg impact areas. The impact area structures shall be constructed of material that will deform and expand areas of contact to absorb and minimize injury when struck by the knees or legs of front seat occupants.

"S.3.2.3 The sun visors shall be constructed of or be covered by energy absorbing cushioning material. The sun visor mounting shall be designed and located to provide a reasonable degree of head protection.

"S3.2.4 The roof header impact areas shall contain no sharp or protruding edges. The impact areas shall be covered with 0.5 inch minimum of energy absorbing cushioning material to reduce the likelihood of injury to the occupant's head upon impact.

"S3.2.5 The right and left front corner posts shall not contain any sharp or protruding edges. The corner posts in the impact areas shall be covered with 0.5 inch minimum of enregy absorbing cushioning material to reduce the likelihood of injury to the occupant's head upon impact. Padding shall be designed and placed so as to minimize loss ov visibility.

"[Federal Standard No. 515/3a] "RECESSED INSTRUMENT PANEL INSTRUMENTS AND CONTROL DEVICES FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

"S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes the location and identification of automotive vehicle instruments and control devices to afford a reasonable degree of protection for front seat occupants wearing type 1 seat belt assemblies in event of a collision. "S2. Application. This standard applies to sedans, carryalls, station wagons and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W. Excluded are stand-up walk-in package delivery vehicles with tilt type drivers' seats. Also excluded are utility vehicles of the three-wheel type.

"83. Requirements. Injury potential shall be minimized by constructing, locating, or mounting control devices and instruments bezels in such a manner as to reasonably minimize contact by the heads of occupants wearing type 1 seat belt assemblies. Injury

potential shall be minimized by the following means:

"S3.1 Location, construction, and mounting.

"S3.1.1 All instrument panel mounted control devices shall be located within reach of the driver wearing a type 2 or 2a seat belt assembly, except controls not essential to controlling a moving vehicle. The essential controls are the steering wheel, transmission selector lever, turn signals lever, ignition switch, headlight switch, and windshield wiper and washer controls. Essential controls shall be readily identified.

"S3.1.2 The impact area shall be established through the use of type 1 seat belt assembly restrained manikins or other test devices having 'H' point to top-of-head dimensions of 33 inches and 29 inches. AdJustable seats shall be in the extreme forward position for the indicated 33 inch device and in the extreme rearward position for the indicated 29 inch device. The impact area shall be that included between the arcs formed by the top-of-head point when each device is swung forward and also 45 degrees to each side of the longitudinal axis through each normal seating position.

"S3.1.3 Control devices and instruments positioned outside the established contact area or which cannot be struck due to steering wheel, column, or shielding are not required to meet the specifications following. All other control devices shall have a contact area of not less than 1.0 square inch of flat surface with an edge radius of not less than 0.125 inch and shall be mounted and constructed of materials which will defect flush within 0.375 inch of the panel surface or are to be mounted in such a manner as to allow them to be pushed flush with the panel surface or be detached by application of a force not to exceed 90 pounds when struck from any position defined in 3.1.2.

"S3.1.4 Instrument bezels not meeting S3.1.3 and likely to be contacted by the head of a belted occupant shall have an edge radius of not less than 0.125 inch and shall project not more than 0.250 inch above the surface of the panel or shall be so shielded as to reasonably minimize contact by the head of belted occupant.

"S3.1.5 The tranmission selector lever knob end shall have a relative flat area of at least 1.0 square inch when selector lever is mounted on the steering column within the impact area as defined in S3.1.2. There shall be no permissible complete penetration of the knob by the selector shaft, under a head impact of 80 gs.

"[Federal Standard No. 515/4a] "ENERGY ABSORBING STEERING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

"81. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes requirements for energy absorbing steering control systems installed on automotive vehicles.

"82. Application. This standard applies to sedans and station wagons.

"S3. Standard characteristics. The SAE Recommended Practice for Barrier Collision Tests, J850, forms the basis for section S3.4 of this standard.

"S3.1 Definition. The steering control system is defined as the basic steering mechanism in combination with its associated horn actuating mechanism, trim hardware, etc., and includes any portion of the steering column assembly that may contain an energy absorber for the purpose of dissipating energy upon impact.

"832 The steering control assembly shall be constructed so that when it is impacted at a relative velocity of 22 feet per second with a torso shaped body block as shown in figure 1 [not shown in RECORD], weighing 75-80 pounds, and having a spring rate load of 600-800 pounds per inch, the force developed during collapse of the system shall not exceed 2,500 pounds. The spring rate is determined by loading the chest of the torso

back frame, and with sumcient strength to sustain a moment about the attachment of the seat back frame to the seat frame of 4,250 inch-pounds in a rearward direction. The load required to attain this moment shall be applied at the seat back frame upper crossbar location normal to the seat with the seat back frame in a locked position. cluded are tilt type drivers' seats installed in special purpose, stand-up, walk-in package delivery vehicles.

"83.2.4 Pedestal seats. Pedestal mounted drivers' seats designed to pivot forward, installed in special purpose, stand-up, walk-in type delivery vehicles shall be equipped with releasable, self-locking, pedestal restraining devices. The restraining device or devices shall be constructed with sumcient strength to prevent the seat assembly from tilting forward under a horizontal static load equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat components. The load shall be applied with the seat pedestal in a locked position and at the level of the center of gravity of the seat assembly.

"S3.3 Requirements, rear seats.

"83.3.1 Rear seat backs and seat cushions. Each rear seat back and seat cushion designed to provide rear passenger seating in sedans shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports it in such a manner as to sustain a horizontal forward static load equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed component.

"83.4 Requirements, other seats.

"S3.41.1 Seat frames. Seat frame designed to be fastened to the vehicle floor without adjustment in sedans, buses, carryalls, and station wagons shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports them, either permanently or by detachable Attings, in such a manner as to sustain a forward and rearward static load equal to 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat. "83.4.2 Seat back frames.

"S3.4.2.1 Forward facing seat back frames designed to provide backs for intermediate seating in sedans and buses and intermediate and rear seating in carryalls and station wagons shall be constructed and anchored, either permanently or by detachable fittings as specified, to the seat frame in such a manner as to sustain a rearward (in relation to the seat) moment, about the rear attachments of the seat frame to the vehicle structure which supports it, equal to a minimum of 4,250 inch-pounds for each passenger for which the seat is designed. The load required to obtain this moment shall be applied to the seat back upper crossbar location normal to the seat back (see note in S3.2.2).

"S.3.4.2.2 Rearward facing seat back frames designed to provide backs for rear seating in station wagons shall be constructed and anchored, either permanently or by detachable fittings as specified, to the seat frame in such a manner as to sustain a rearward (in relation to the seat) load equal to a minimum of 4,250 inch-pounds for each passenger for which the seat is designed. The load required to obtain this moment shall be applied to the seat back upper crossbar location normal to the seat back (see note in S3.2.2).

"S3.4.2.3 Longitudinally mounted seats in station wagons, and when specified for installation in trucks, shall be constructed and anchored, either permanently or by detachable fittings to the vehicle structure which supports them in such a manner as to sustain a forward and rearward (in relation to the vehicle) static load equal to 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat.

"S3.4.3 Folding seats. Seats designed to pivot forward on their forward attachment to the vehicle structure shall be equipped with a releasable, self-locking, restraining device. The lock release shall be located 80 as to be readily accessible to the occupant of the seat or, if applicable, to permit egress

ta a passenger seated to the rear. The release shall be so designed and/or located as to minimize accidental release in collision situations. The restraining device shall be constructed with sumcient strength to prevent the seat assembly from folding forward under a horizontal static load equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat assembly.

For

"S3.4.4 Folding seat back frames. ward facing seat back frames designed to provide backs for intermediate seating in carryalls and station wagons and further designed to fold over the seat shall be equipped with releasable, self-locking, restraining devices. The lock release shall be located so as to be readily accessible to the occupant of the seat or, if applicable, to permit egress to a passenger seated to the rear. The release shall be so located and/or designed as to minimize accidental release in collision situations. The restraining device shall be constructed with suficient strength to prevent the seat back frame assembly from folding forward under a horizontal static load equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat back frame, and with sufcient strength to sustain a rearward moment about the attachment of the seat back frame to the seat frame of 4,250 inchpounds for each passenger for which the seat back is designed. The load required to attain this moment shall be applied to the seat back frame upper crossbar location normal to the seat with the seat back frame in a locked position. "S3.5 anchorage.

Seats designed to provide seat belt

"S3.5.1 Sedans, carryalls, station wagons, and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W. Seat frames and seat back frames designed to provide anchorages for seat belts shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports them in such a manner as to sustain an additional forward static load equal to a minimum of 2,500 pounds for each lap belt end attached or 3,000 pounds for each combination lap and shoulder belt end attached.

"S3.5.2 Buses.

"S3.5.2.1 Driver's seat. Driver's seat frames and seat back frames designed to provide anchorages for seat belts shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports them in such a manner as to sustain an additional static forward load equal to a minimum of 2,500 pounds for each lap belt end attached, or 3,000 pounds for each combination lap and shoulder belt end attached.

Passenger seat

"S3.5.2.2 Passenger seats. frames and seat back frames designed to provide anchorages for seat belts shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports them in such a manner as to sustain an additional forward static load equal to a minimum of 2,500 pounds for each type 1 or la lap belt end attached.

"S3.6 Test procedure. Testing of front seats shall be in accordance with the procedures set forth in SAE Recommended Practice J879. Testing of intermediate and rear seats shall be accomplished by applying similar procedures. Testing of seats designed to provide seat belt anchorage shall be in accordance with applicable procedures set forth in S3.2.3 of Fed. Std. No. 515/1a.

"[Federal Standard No. 515/98] "HYDRAULIC SERVICE BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

"S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes requierments for hydraulic service brake systems installed on automotive vehicles.

"S2. Application. This standard applies to sedans, buses, carryalls, station wagons, and to light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W. Na"S3. Standard characteristics. The tional Committee on Uniform Tramc Laws and Ordinances, Uniform Vehicle Code; The

Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Brake System Road Test Code-Passenger Car, SAE J843a and Service Brake System Performance Requirements Passenger Car, SAE J937, form the bases for this standard.

"S3.1 Service brake system performance. The performance ability of the fully operational service brake system for sedans and station wagons, shall be not less than described in section D of SAE J937, tested in accordance with the requirements of SAE J843a. The performance ability of the fully operational service brake system for carryalls, buses and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W. shall be not less than described in section 12-302 of the Uniform Vehicle Code.

"S3.1.1 Design. The service brake system shall be of such design that rupture or failure of an actuating-pressure component in the system shall not result in complete loss of function of the service brake system. Actuating-pressure components are defined as, the brake master cylinder or master control unit, wheel brake cylinder, brake line, brake hose or equivalent, as applicable. The hydraulic fluid system shall be sealed in such a manner so as to provide protection of the brake fluid from outside contamination.

"S3.1.2 Partial system performance. In the event of rupture or failure to an actuatingpressure component to any single brake, the components of the unaffected portion of the system shall continue to function. Mechanical linkage or other means of brake application may be utilized to meet this requirement provided that continuation of the same motion on the same brake pedal used to actuate the normal system applies or actuates the braking force.

"83.2 System effectiveness indication. System effectiveness shall be indicated by means of an electrically operated red light mounted on the instrument panel. The light shall have an area of not less than 0.196 square inch. It shall illuminate before or upon application of the brakes when an actuatingpressure component of the system has sustained a loss of fluid or pressure. The indicator light system shall include a means for the vehicle operator to perform a test to assure the light bulb is operable.

"[Federal Standard No. 515/12] "WINDSHIELD WIPERS AND WASHERS FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

"81. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes minimum requirements for automotive vehicle windshield wiping and washing systems.

"82. Application. This standard applies to sedans, buses, carryalls, station wagons, and light trucks up to 10.000 pounds G.V.W., with windshields of one piece construction of the fixed type. Excluded are utility vehicles of the three-wheel type.

"S3. Requirements. The windshield wiper system shall be driven by a motor actuated by a conveniently located control by which the operator of the vehicle may vary the frequency speed of wipers. The windshield wiper system shall be designed to provide two or more frequency speeds and each frequency speed shall be substantially constant regardless of engine load. Windshield wiper systems designed to interrupt at the end of each frequency cycle by means of a timing device will be acceptable if the timing device can be varied to provide continuous operation and two or more frequencies of interrupted operation. All requirements. other than those specified herein shall be in accordance with SAE J903, Recommended Practice for Passenger Car Windshield Wiper Bystems.

"93.1 Wiped area. The minimum wiped area of the windshield shall include the area of the windshield established by a horizontal dimension, projected as a line from the vertical center line of the eye level of the 95th percentile male with seat in midseat position

and extending to within one and one-half inches of each corner post and including the center portion of the windshield. The minimum wiped area shall also include that portion of the windshield measured from the horizontal eye level line in a vertical direction 10 degrees above and 10 degrees below the horizontal eye level line at a point in front of the operator and a point in front of right seat occupant.

"S3.2 Windshield washers. The windshield washer system shall be provided with a container with the capacity of at least 48 ounces of fluid. The container shall be made of such material that it will not crack or break in the event the fluid freezes. The fluid shall be applied to the outside of the windshield by vacuum pump or other method. The washer shall be actuated either manually or automatically.

"S3.3 Tests. All tests shall be in accordance with SAE Recommended Practice J903. "[Federal Standard No. 515/13a] "GLARE REDUCTION SURFACES FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

"S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes glare limits for appearance finishes of vehicle components in and adjacent to the operator's field of view to achieve the most practical reduction of distracting reflectance for automotive vehicles.

"S3.1.1 Field of view. With the operator's seat in its rearmost position, the operator's field of view is defined as that area forward of a line extending to the sides of the vehicle from the point at which the back pan of the SAE J826 three-dimensional manikin makes contact with the operator's seat back.

"S3.1.2 Glare. The visual effect of any dilutes or competes with the central attention signal on which attention is being focused.

"S3.1.3 Specular gloss. The luminous fractional reflectance of a specimen at the specular direction.

"S3.1.4 Luminous directional reflectance (Munsell value). Ratio of flux reflected to that from a perfect diffuse reflector similarly illuminated and viewed.

"S3.1.5 Saturation (Munsell chroma). The attribute of color perception that expresses the degree of departure from gray of the same lightness. All grays have zero saturation.

"83.2 Instrument panels. The specular gloss of the surface of the material used for instrument panel top surfaces and appurtenances thereon which can produce glare in the windshield shall not exceed 30 units maximum, measured by the 85-degree method of ASTM D 523, or equivalent.

"S3.3 Luminous directional reflectance (Munsell value). The luminous directional reflectance of the surface of the material used for instrument panel top surfaces shall not exceed 30 percent (which is equivalent to a Munsell value less than 6.0/-), when measured as described by ASTM D 307, D 791, D 1635, E 97, or equivalent.

"88.4 Saturation (Munsell chroma). The Munsell chroma of instrument panel top surfaces shall be no more than /6.

"83.5 Windshield wiper arms and blades. The specular gloss of the surface of the material used for windshield wiper arms and wiper blades in the operator's field of view shall not exceed 40 units maximum, measured by the 20-degree method of ASTM D 523, or equivalent.