[Federal Standard No. 515/6a] ANCHORAGE OF SEATS FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes strength requirements for anchorage and construction of automotive vehicle seat assemblies.

S2. Application. This standard applies to sedans, buses, carryalls, station wagons, and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W.

S3. Standard characteristics. The SAE Recommended Practice for Passenger Car Front Seat and Front Seat Adjuster, J879, forms a basis for that part of this standard which applies to front seats.

S3.1 Definitions.

S3.1.1 Automotive vehicle seat. A structure provided to seat the driver and/or one or more passengers.

S3.12 Seat frame. The structural portion of a seat assembly.

$3.1.3 Seat back frame upper crossbar. The uppermost horizontal member of a seat back frame.

83.1.4 Seat adjuster. A device suitably anchored to the vehicle structure which supports the seat frame assembly and provides for seat adjustments. This includes any track, link, or power actuating assemblies necessary to adjust the position of the seat. 83.2 Requirements, front seats.

$3.2.1 Seat adjusters and seat frame combinations. Each combination of seat adjuster and seat frame, together with its attachments, shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports it in such a manner as to sustain a horizontal forward and rearward static load

equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight

of the fully trimmed seat.

S3.2.2 Seat cushion and back frame combination. Each seat cushion and back frame combination, together with its attachments, shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports it in such a manner as to sustain a rearward moment about the rear attachment of the seat frame to the seat adjuster of 4,250 inch-pounds for each passenger for which the seat back is designed. The load required to obtain this moment shall be applied to the seat back upper crossbar location normal to the seat back.

NOTE: Some energy absorption under impact can be obtained through deflection of the seat back. Therefore, some deflection and permanent set of the seat back consistent with rigidity requirements and normal occupant accommodations is permissible.

83.2.3 Folding seat back frames. Each seat back frame designed to fold over the seat shall be equipped with a releasable, selflocking, restraining device or devices. The lock release shall be located so as to be readily accessible to the occupant of the seat and, if applicable, to permit egress to rear seat passengers.

The release shall be so designed and/or located as to minimize accidental release in collision situations. The restraining device or devices shall be constructed with sumcient strength to prevent the seat back frame assembly from folding forward under

a horizontal static load equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat back frame, and with sufficient strength to sustain a moment about the attachment of the seat back frame to the seat frame of 4,250 inch-pounds in a rearward direction. The load required to attain this moment shall be applied at the seat back frame upper crossbar location normal to the seat with the seat back frame in a locked position. Excluded are tilt type drivers' seats installed in special purpose, stand-up, walk-in package delivery vehicles.

S3.2.4 Pedestal seats. Pedestal mounted drivers' seats designed to pivot forward, installed in special purpose, stand-up, walk-in type delivery vehicles shall be equipped with releasable, self-locking, pedestal restraining devices. The restraining device or devices shall be constructed with sufficient strength to prevent the seat assembly from tilting forward under a horizontal static load equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat components. The load shall be applied with the seat pedestal in a locked position and at the level of the center of gravity of the seat assembly. $3.3 Requirements, rear seats.

63.3.1 Rear seat backs and seat cushions. Each rear seat back and seat cushion designed to provide rear passenger seating in sedans shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports it in such a manner as to sustain a horizontal forward static load equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed component.

83.4 Requirements, other seats.

S3.41.1 Seat frames. Seat frames designed to be fastened to the vehicle door without

adjustment in sedans, buses, carryalls, and

station wagons shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports them, either permanently or by detachable fittings, in such a manner as to sustain a forward and rearward static load equal to 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat.

S3.4.2 Seat back frames.

S3.4.2.1 Forward facing seat back frames designed to provide backs for intermediate seating in sedans and buses and intermediate and rear seating in carryalls and station wagons shall be constructed and anchored, either permanently or by detachable fittings as specified, to the seat frame in such a manner as to sustain a rearward (in relation to the seat) moment, about the rear attachments of the seat frame to the vehicle structure which supports it, equal to a minimum of 4,250 inch-pounds for each passenger for which the seat is designed. The load required to obtain this moment shall be applied to the seat back upper crossbar location normal to the seat back (see note in S3.2.2).

S3.4.2.2 Rearward facing seat back frames designed to provide backs for rear seating in station wagons shall be constructed and anchored, either permanently or by detachable fittings as specified, to the seat frame in such a manner as to sustain a rearward (in relation to the seat) load equal to a minimum of 4.250 inch-pounds for each passenger for which the seat is designed. The load required to obtain this moment shall be

applied to the seat back upper crossbar location normal to the seat back (see note in 83.2.2).

83.4.2.3. Longitudinally mounted seats in station wagons, and when specified for installation in trucks, shall be constructed and anchored, either permanently or by detachable fittings to the vehicle structure which supports them in such a manner as to sustain a forward and rearward (in relation to the vehicle) static load equal to 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat.

83.4.3 Folding seats. Seats designed to pivot forward on their forward attachment to the vehicle structure shall be equipped with a releasable, self-locking, restraining device. The lock release shall be located so as to be readily accessible to the occupant of the seat or, if applicable, to permit egress to a passenger seated to the rear. The release shall be so designed and/or located as to minimize accidental release in collision situations. The restraining device shall be constructed with sumcient strength to prevent the seat assembly from folding forward under a horizontal static load equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat assembly.

83.4.4 Folding seat back frames. Forward facing seat back frames designed to provide backs for intermediate seating in carryalls and station wagons and further designed to fold over the seat shall be equipped with releasable, self-locking, restraining devices. The lock release shall be located so as to be readily accessible to the occupant of the seat or, if applicable, to permit egress to a passenger seated to the rear. The release shall be so located and/or designed as to minimize accidental release in collision situations. The restraining device shall be constructed with sumcient strength to prevent the seat back frame assembly from folding forward under a horizontal static load equal to a minimum of 20 times the weight of the fully trimmed seat back frame, and with sumclent strength to sustain a rearward moment about the attachment of the seat back frame to the seat frame of 4.250 inchpounds for each passenger for which the seat back is designed. The load required to attain this moment shall be applied to the seat back frame upper crossbar location normal to the seat with the seat back frame in a locked position.

83.5 Seats designed to provide seat belt anchorage.

83.5.1 Sedans, carryalls, station wagons, and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W. Seat frames and seat back frames designed to provide anchorages for seat belts shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports them in such a manner as to sustain an additional forward static load equal to a minimum of 2,500 pounds for each lap belt end attached or 3,000 pounds for each combination lap and shoulder belt end attached.

83.5.2 Buses.

83.5.2.1 Driver's seat. Driver's seat frames and seat back frames designed to provide anchorages for seat belts shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports them in such a manner as to sustain an additional static

forward load equal to a minimum of 2,500 pounds for each lap belt end attached, or 3,000 pounds for each combination lap and shoulder belt end attached.

S3.5.2.2 Passenger seats. Passenger seat frames and seat back frames designed to provide anchorages for seat belts shall be constructed and anchored to the vehicle structure which supports them in such a manner as to sustain an additional forward static load equal to a minimum of 2,500 pounds for each type 1 or la lap belt end attached.

S3.6 Test procedure. Testing of front seats shall be in accordance with the procedures set forth in SAE Recommended Practice J879. Testing of intermediate and rear seats shall be accomplished by applying similar procedures. Testing of seats designed to provide seat belt anchorage shall be in accordance with applicable procedures set forth in S3.2.3 of Fed. Std. No. 515/1a.

[Federal Standard No. 515/9a] HYDRAULIC SERVICE BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

81. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes requirements for hydraulic service brake systems installed on automotive vehicles.

82. Application. This standard applies to sedans, buses, carryalls, station wagons, and' to light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W.

83. Standard characteristics. The National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances, Uniform Vehicle Code; The Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Brake System Road Test Code-Passenger Car, SAE J843a and Service Brake System Performance Requirements Passenger Car, SAE J937, form the bases for this standard.

S3.1 Service brake system performance. The performance ability of the fully operational service brake system for sedans and station wagons, shall be not less than described in section D of SAE J937, tested in accordance with the requirements of SAE J843a. The performance ability of the fully operational service brake system for carryalls, buses and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W. shall be not less than de

scribed in section 12-302 of the Uniform Vehicle Code.

83.1.1 Design. The service brake system shall be of such design that rupture or failure of an actuating-pressure component in the system shall not result in complete loss of function of the service brake system. Actuating-pressure components are defined as, the brake master cylinder or master control unit, wheel brake cylinder, brake line, brake hose or equivalent, as applicable. The hydraulic fluid system shall be sealed in such a manner so as to provide protection of the brake fluid from outside contamination.

S3.1.2 Partial system performance. In the event of rupture or failure to an actuatingpressure component to any single brake, the components of the unaffected portion of the system shall continue to function. Mechanical linkage or other means of brake application may be utilized to meet this requirement provided that continuation of the same motion on the same brake pedal used to

actuate the normal system applies or actuates the braking force.

83.2 System effectiveness indication. System effectiveness shall be indicated by means of an electrically operated red light mounted on the instrument panel. The light shall have an area of not less than 0.196 square inch. It shall illuminate before or upon application of the brakes when an actuatingpressure component of the system has sustained a loss of fluid or pressure. The indicator light system shall include a means for the vehicle operator to perform a test to assure the light bulb is operable.

[Federal Standard No. 5:5/12a] WINDSHIELD WIPERS AND WASHERS FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes minimum requirements for automotive vehicle windshield wiping and washing systems.

S2. Application. This standard applies to sedans, buses, carryalls, station wagons, and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W., with windshields of one piece construction of the fixed type. Excluded are utility vehicles of the three-wheel type.

S3. Requirements. The windshield wiper system shall be driven by a motor actuated by a conveniently located control by which the operator of the vehicle may vary the frequency speed of wipers. The windshield wiper system shall be designed to provide two or more frequency speeds and each frequency speed shall be substantially constant regardless of engine load. Windshield wiper systems designed to interrupt at the end of each frequency cycle by means of a timing device will be acceptable if the timing device can be varied to provide continuous operation and two or more frequencies of interrupted operation. All requirements other than those specified herein shall be in accordance with SAE J903, Recommended Practice for Passenger Car Windshield Wiper Systems.

83.1 Wiped area. The minimum wiped

area of the windshield shall include the area

of the windshield established by a horizontal dimension, projected as a line from the vertical center line of the eye level of the 95th percentile male with seat in midseat position and extending to within one and one-half inches of each corner post and including the center portion of the windshield. The minimum wiped area shall also include that por

tion of the windshield measured from the horizontal eye level line in a vertical direction 10 degrees above and 10 degrees below the horizontal eye level line at a point in front of the operator and a point in front of right seat occupant.

$3.2 Windshield washers. The windshield washer system shall be provided with a container with the capacity of at least 48 ounces of fluid. The container shall be made of such material that it will not crack or break in the event the fluid freezes. The fluid shall be applied to the outside of the windshield by vacuum pump or other method. The washer shall be actuated either manually or automatically.

$3.3 Tests. All tests shall be in accordance with SAE Recommended Practice J903.

[Federal Standard No. 515/138]

GLARE REDUCTION SURFACES FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes glare limits for appearance finishes of vehicle components in and adjacent to the operator's field of view to achieve the most practical reduction of distracting reflectance for automotive vehicles.

82. Application. This standard applies to sedans, buses, carryalls, station wagons, and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W.

S3. Standard characteristics. Standard methods, tentative methods, and tentative recommended practices and the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM D 307, D 523, D 791, D 1535, E 97, and the SAE Standard J826, form the basis for this Federal Standard.

S3.1 Definitions.

S3.1.1 Field of view. With the operator's seat in its rearmost position, the operator's field of view is defined as that area forward of a line extending to the sides of the vehicle from the point at which the back pan of the SAE J826 three-dimensional manikin makes contact with the operator's seat back.

$3.1.2 Glare. The visual effect of any dilutes or competes with the central attention signal on which attention is being focused.

S3.1.3 Specular gloss. The luminous fractional reflectance of a specimen at the specular direction.

S3.1.4 Luminous directional reflectance (Munsell value). Ratio of flux reflected to that from a perfect diffuse reflector similarly illuminated and viewed.

S3.1.5 Saturation (Munsell chroma). The attribute of color perception that expresses the degree of departure from gray of the same lightness. All grays have zero saturation.

$3.2 Instrument panels. The specular gloss of the surface of the material used for Instrument panel top surfaces and appurtenances thereon which can produce glare in the windshield shall not exceed 30 units maximum, measured by the 85-degree method of ASTM D 523, or equivalent.

S3.3 Luminous directional reflectance (Munsell value). The luminous directional reflectance of the surface of the material used for instrument panel top surfaces shall not exceed 30 percent (which is equivalent to a Munsell value less than 6.0/-), when measured as described by ASTM D 307, D 791, D 1535, E 97, or equivalent. The

S3.4 Saturation (Munsell chroma). Munsell chroma of instrument panel top surfaces shall be no more than /6.

S3.5 Windshield wiper arms and blades. The specular gloss of the surface of the material used for windshield wiper arms and wiper blades in the operator's field of view shall not exceed 40 units maximum, measured by the 20-degree method of ASTM D 523, or equivalent.

83.6 The specular gloss of the surface of the material used for instrument bezels, windshield molding, control devices, horn ring, rearview mirror mounting hardware, trim hardware, etc., in the operator's field of view shall not exceed 40 units maximum, measured by the 20-degree method of ASTM D 523, or equivalant.

83.7 Instruments, control devices, etc., shall be so located so as to present a minimal reflection into the windshield in the operator's field of view under daylight and night driving conditions.

[Federal Standard No. 515/14]

CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM
AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes requirements for the control of emissions from new motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines which are likely to cause or contribute to air pollution.

S2. This standard applies to sedans, carryalls, station wagons, and light trucks up to and including 2-ton pickup or equivalent. equipped with engines of 50 cubic inch displacement or over.

83. Standard characteristics. The pro posed regulations of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines, published in the FEDERAL REGISTER on December 31, 1965 (30 F.R. 17192), form the basis for this standard.

S3.1 All automotive vehicles and engines covered by this standard shall be equipped with integral or ancillary control systems to provide control of emissions in accordance with the requirements set forth in the regulations cited in 83.

[Federal Standard No. 515/17a] REARVIEW Mirror(s) for AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes requirements for rearview mirror (8) for automotive vehicles to provide reasonably unobstructed driver vision to the rear.

S2. Application. This standard applies to sedans, buses, carryalls, station wagons, and to light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W. Vehicles with bodies designed without rear windows and vehicles that require more than one outside mirror and truck-type vehicles with small rear windows are excepted from the requirement for an inside rearview mirror. S3. Requirements. The rearview mirrors shall provide the driver with a clear, undistorted view of unit magnification under day and night operating conditions. S3.1 Inside rearview mirrOTS. S3.1.1 Size. The rearview mirror have a horizontal dimension which will provide the driver a view to the rear of the vehicle with a horizontal angle of no less than 20 degrees. The vertical angle shall be at least sufficient to provide a view of the road surface from a point not greater than 200 feet to the rear of the vehicle, to the horizon under conditions of a level road and with the vehicle occupied by the driver and four passengers in the case of sedans, carry

shall

alls, and station wagons or loaded to gross vehicle weight in the case of buses and light trucks where inside mirrors may be applicable.

83.1.2 Location. The rearview mirror shall be designed and constructed to be mounted on the inside of the vehicle in such a manner as to provide the driver with a stable, readily distinguishable image under normal road conditions. The mirror shall be located as far forward along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle as the windshield, mount, and adjusting device will permit (buses excepted). The mirror and its supporting brackets shall be located above the forward horizontal line of sight, if possible, of a manikin which measures 33 inches from the "H" point to the top of the head and occupying the driver's seat set in the mid position, with due regard being given to the requirements of the vertical field of view to the rear (see 83.1.1). Extra large bus mirrors designed to serve an additional purpose of passenger surveillance shall be located with due consideration of the preceding requirements.

S3.1.3 Mounting. The mirror shall be mounted in the vehicle by means of a suitable supporting assembly of sumcient strength to provide a stable support for the mirror and shall be of a design which will minimize injury potential to occupants. The mount, if in the impact area, shall be designed to break away or collapse upon the application of a force in excess of 90 pounds, in the direction applied by the head of a belted occupant. The head impact area shall be established through the use of type 1 seat belt assembly restrained manikins or other test devices having "H" point to topof-head dimensions of 33 inches and 29 inches. Adjustable seats shall be in the extreme forward position for the indicated 33 inch device and in the extreme rearward position for the indicated 29 inch device. The impact area shall be that included between the arcs formed by the top-of-head point when each device is swung forward and also 45 degrees to each side of the longitudinal axis through each normal seating position. Rigid mounts shall break in such a manner as to leave no protruding residuals. The rim of the mirror or its supporting bezel shall have an edge radius of not less than 0.125 inch. The mount shall provide for universal adjustment of the mirror to accommodate any size driver in any available seat position.

$3.2.1 Size. The outside mirror reflecting surface shall have a minimum nominal diameter of 5 inches if of circular design. Rectangular mirrors shall have a minimum nominal horizontal dimension of 5 inches and a vertical dimension sufficient to provide the driver a view of the road surface from a distance of not more than 35 feet to the rear from the eye of the driver of the vehicle and to the horizon on a level road under normal load conditions. The 35 feet shall be measured from the position of the eye of the driver to the reflecting surface, then to the roadway to the rear of the vehicle.

$3.2.2 Mounting. The outside rearview mirror shall be designed and constructed to

be mounted on the left outside of the vehicle in such a manner as to provide the driver with a stable, readily distinguishable image under normal road conditions and shall be so located as to require not more than 60 degrees combined head and eye movement with driver's seat in forward position. The outside mirror shall provide the operator, with seat in full forward position, a view of the side of the vehicle on which mounted. The mirror shall not be obscured by the unwiped portion of the windshield or by the corner pillar. The mirror shall be readily adjustable to accommodate different size drivers, seat positions, and load conditions. The mirror and mount shall be designed, constructed, located, and mounted so as to minimize pedestrian injury potential.

S3.2.3 Additional outside rearview mirror. Station wagons, carryalls, buses, and trucks shall be provided with an additional outside rearview mirror to provide driver vision to the right rear areas adjacent to the vehicle obscured by vehicle design or load conditions. The visual characteristics of the right outside mirror shall conform to the requirements of the left outside mirror except that the restriction on combined head and eye movement may be relaxed to the extent dictated by vehicle design. Design, construction, location, and mounting of the right outside mirror shall be symmetrical to the left outside mirror except that where necessary, consideration may be given to location and mounting problems dictated by vehicle design.

S3.2.4 Wide angle mirror. When specifiled, an auxiliary wide angle (convex) mirror may be incorporated in the same mount as the standard mirror to provide an additional close-in field of vision required under certain operating conditions. The auxiliary mirror shall be incorporated in such a manner as not to interfere with the visual field of the standard mirror.

83.3 Mirror construction. The reflective medium shall be of a material which will resist abrasion and erosion incident to accepted cleaning practices. The surfaces of the material shall be so finished as to provide and maintain a distortion free reflected image. Front or second surface reflectance may be used. The reflectance value of the reflective film employed shall be not less than 50 percent. Inside mirrors may be of the selective position prismatic type, in which case the reflectance value in the night driving, high-glare position shall be not less than 4 percent.

[Federal Standard No. 515/18] WINDOW AND DOOR CONTROLS FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

S1. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes the requirements for the location and construction of the controls for windows and doors.

82. Application. This standard applies to sedans, carryalls, station wagons, and light trucks up to 10,000 pounds G.V.W.

S3. Requirements. Injury potential shall be minimized by constructing, locating or mounting of the controls in such a manner

The

as to reduce the likelihood of injury to the head, torso and legs of lap belted occupants of rear and front seats. The occupant protection area shall be established through the use of type 1 seat belt assembly restrained manikins or other test devices based upon the equivalent to "H" point to top-of-head dimensions of 33 inches and 29 inches. occupant protection area shall be that included between the arcs formed by the topof-head point and torso when each device is swung forward and also 90 degrees to each side of the longitudinal axis through each normal seating position and the forward movement of the knees and legs of outside occupants.

S3.1 The controls shall be located within

reach of the seat belted occupant nearest the door. Controls located away from or shielded from the impact area or recessed within the panel or armrest in such a manner to reasonably minimize the likelihood of contact by lap belted occupants shall be considered to provide an acceptable degree of protection.

83.2 Door handle controls not meeting 83.1 shall be constructed so that they have a contact area of not less than 2 square inches substantially vertical, with minimum radii of 0.125 inch. Window control knobs not meeting S3.1 shall have a minimum contact area of not less than 1 square inch, with minimum edges radii of 0.125 inch. All controls shall have a maximum extension from the panel of 1 inch.

83.3 Controls not meeting 83.1 or S3.2 shall be constructed of material which will defect within 0.375 inch of the panel or detach by a force of 90 pounds leaving no residual protrusions beyond the panel surface on which mounted.

[Federal Standard No. 515/19]

ASH TRAYS AND LIGHTERS FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

81. Purpose and scope. This standard establishes the location and construction of ash trays and lighters when installed in automotive vehicles to afford a reasonable degree of protection for front and rear seated occupants wearing type 1 seat belt assemblies.

S2. Application. This standard applies to sedans, carryalls, and station wagons.

83. Requirements. Injury potential shall be minimized by locating, constructing, or mounting ash trays and lighters in such a manner as to minimize the likelihood of injury to an occupant's head, torso, or leg upon impact. The impact area for both front and rear seats shall be established through the use of type 1 seat belt assembly restrained manikins or other test devices having the equivalent to "H" point to top-ofhead dimensions of 33 inches and 29 inches. The impact area shall be that included between the arcs formed by the top-of-head point and torso when each device is swung forward and also 90 degrees to each side of the longitudinal axis through each normal seating position and the forward movement of the knees and legs of outside occupants. This area to be determined with front seat in all normal positions.

S3.1 Ash trays and lighters located away from or shielded from the impact area or