recording of mortgages and sales of vessels; protection of steerage passengers; and the remission and mitigation of fines, penalties, and forfeitures incurred under the laws governing these matters.

All vessels inward bound from foreign ports are subject to the customs laws of the United States upon entrance into territorial waters (within 4 leagues of the coast of the United States). Vessels destined to Baltimore are generally boarded by customs officers at quarantine after they have been granted pratique, but they may be boarded after arrival at berth. In the latter case the inspector in charge performs the duties of the boarding officer in addition to his regular duties as customs inspector.

Baltimore is headquarters for the customs district of Maryland which includes all of the State of Maryland and the District of Columbia. Ports of entry in this district in addition to Baltimore are Annapolis, Cambridge, and Chrisfield, Md., and Washington, D. C. Two additional customs stations have been established at Washington National Airport and at Patuxent Naval Air Station, Maryland.

The customhouse at Baltimore is located within one block of the waterfront at East Lombard and South Gay Streets. It is open for entry and clearance of vessels and aircraft, issuance of marine documents, entry of cargo, etc., between 8:30 am and 5 p.m. Monday through Friday, inclusive. The marine division is open from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Saturdays for the entrance and clearance of vessels and aircraft. Formal clearance of vessels will be effected at the customhouse by the collector of customs during the above office hours but vessels are permitted to sail at any time during the day or night. Arrangements may be made by ship agents or masters to enter or clear a vessel outside of the hours specified above, if circumstances warrant. Services rendered beyond the

regular hours of business are at the applicant's expense.

Working hours for staff officers, inspectors, samplers, laborers, storekeepers, and outside messengers are from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. with one hour for lunch, Monday through Friday, inclusive; for verifiers, openers, and packers from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday, while customs guards work not less than 8 hours per day.

All customs services for passengers, baggage, and freight are provided at Friendship International Airport through the Baltimore customhouse.

Immigration and Naturalization Service, Department of Justice. This agency administers the laws relating to the admission, exclusion, and deportation of aliens, and the naturalization of aliens lawfully resident in the United States.

The Baltimore district office is located in the Post Office Building and is open from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday. Inspection activities are centered at the quarantine station at Leading Point. Inspectors from this station also provide immigration inspection service to Friendship International Airport.

Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army. Under the direction of the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, the Division Engineer, North Atlantic Division, is charged with the improvement and maintenance of rivers, harbors, connecting channels, and other waterways in the Atlantic Coast area covered by the New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, D. C., and Norfolk engineer districts.

The District Engineer, Baltimore District, whose office is located at 24th Street and Maryland Avenue, Baltimore, is in immediate charge of all waterway and harbor improvements in the district, which comprises the watershed of

the Susquehanna River and its tributaries from headwaters in south-central New York State through central Pennsylvania to its mouth in Chesapeake Bay; eastern Maryland, southwestern Delaware, and eastern Virginia, embracing Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries north of Cove Point, Maryland, on the western shore of the bay and Onanoock River, Virginia, on the eastern shore; and the watersheds tributary to the Atlantic Ocean between the southern boundary of Delaware and a point north of White Creek and Gargathy Inlet on the Atlantic Coast.

United States Coast Guard, Department of the Treasury. The functions of the Coast Guard embrace, in general terms, maritime law enforcement; saving and protecting life and property; providing navigational aids to maritime commerce and to trans-oceanic air commerce; promoting the efficiency and safety of the American merchant marine; and readiness for military operations.

The Coast Guard is charged with the enforcement or assistance in enforcing of all applicable Federal laws upon the high seas and waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; with the administration of laws and with promulgation and enforcement of regulations for promotion of safety of life and property on the high seas and on waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, covering all matters not specifically delegated by law to some other executive department. Among the more important duties are enforcement of the navigation and vessel inspection laws with which the Service is specifically charged, and assistance in the enforcement, as necessary, of the Oil Pollution Act, anchorage regulations, and of the laws relating to internal revenue, customs, immigration, and neutrality.

Through its captains of the port, it enforces rules and regulations governing the security of ports and the anchorage and movements of vessels in territorial waters.

In carrying out its responsibilities with respect to search and rescue and in rendering assistance to vessels and aircraft in distress, the Service maintains an established organization of inshore and offshore rescue surface vessels, aircraft, lifeboat stations, and radio stations.

The Coast Guard removes or destroys derelicts, wrecks, and other dangers to navigation, and with its ice-breaking facilities assists marine commerce by opening up ice-blocked channels and ports.

Its functions in relation to the merchant marine include the following: investigation of marine disasters and the collection of statistics related thereto; approval of plans for the construction, repair, and alteration of vessels; approval of materials, equipment, and appliances; issuance of certificates of inspection and of permits indicating the approval of vessels for operations which may be hazardous to life and property; regulation of transportation of explosives and other dangerous articles on vessel; administration of loadline requirements; licensing and certifying of officers, pilots, and seamen; enforcement of manning requirements; suspension and revocation of licenses and certificates; shipment, discharge, protection, and welfare of merchant seamen; and the promulgation and enforcement of rules for lights, signals, speed, steering, sailing, passing, anchorage, movement, and towlines of vessels.

In the field of navigational aids, the Coast Guard establishes and maintains lighthouses, lights, lightships, radiobeacons, direction-finder stations, buoys, and unlighted beacons, as required to serve the needs of the commerce and of the armed forces of the United States. It maintains the United States system of long range aid to navigation to serve the needs of the armed forces and maritime commerce, or as required for the needs of air commerce as determined by the Administrator of Civil Aeronautics. It maintains several

publications in connection with its work in navigational aids.

The Commander of the Baltimore Group, Fifth Coast Guard District, who is also assigned as Captain of the Port, has his office in the Appraiser's Stores Building. The office of the Marine Inspection Officer is in the Chamber of Commerce Building at Commerce and Water Streets.

The Shipping Commissioner, who discharges those responsibilities of the Marine Inspection Officer which are concerned with protection of the rights of merchant seamen and maintenance of shipboard discipline, is located in the

customhouse.

Federal Maritime Board & Maritime Administration, Department of Commerce.The three-member Federal Maritime Board has regulatory and other responsibilities in connection with the maritime affairs of the United States. With respect to its regulatory functions, the board is independent. However, in the performance of its other functions, the board is guided by the general policies of the Secretary of Commerce. The chairman of the board also serves ex-officio as Maritime Administrator.

The regulatory functions of the board include control over rates, practices, agreements, charges, classifications, and the tariffs of common carriers by water engaged in the domestic offshore trades and in foreign commerce, and persons engaged in forwarding or furnishing wharfage, dock, warehouse, or terminal facilities in connection with such common carriers.

The board also makes investigations and determinations antecedent to the award of, and awards, ship construction and ship operating differential subsidy contracts for the purpose of placing United States shipbuilding and operation on a parity with foreign construction and operation.