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was manifest on the face of the outward bill of lading, plaintiffs' witnesses, and to show as well contradic that the property was out of Edward Thomson, and intions and misrepresentation in the testimony, as false enJohn R. Thomson, the consignce, at Canton. That the tries and memoranda on the books. subsequent possession of one of the outward bills of la- For the plaintiffs it was urged-that they were bond ding by Edward Thomson, did not disturb the rights of fide purchasers for a valuable consideration without no the defendants, unless they agreed to abandon them.-tice with a complete legal and equitable title having On the abstract legal point of Thomson's inability to af. the regular documentary evidence of title, i. e. the bill fect the defendants by his subsequent possession of the of lading. Whether Thomson had or had not a right to bill of lading, the counsel contended that he could not transfer is not the question, since a man may in many transfer the property to the prejudice of any one, cer- cases, such as in secret trusts, and in a transfer by a containly not of these defendants, and that third persons ta- signee of property abroad, transfer when he has no title king a transfer of such a bill of lading did so on the per- at all. In such instances, the principle is well settled, sonal credit of the individual. Even in case of a prom that when the loss must fall on one of two innocent parissory note, if passed one day after it becomes due, it ties, he who has by acts of omission given facility to the gives no right. A bill of lading deliverable to con-fraud must bear it. Negligence, contributing to the insignee is not transferable by the shipper, unless the jury of others, is fraud, in the eye of the law. The neproperty is deliverable to his order, and he puts his or- cessity of this rule is manifest from this very case. der upon it, and any person who takes a transfer from defendants had the outward bill of lading in their poshim who by the paper has a right to transfer, trusts the session as a security, and as such, were fully aware of its paper; he who takes a transfer from one who has no importance, since, on their own showing, they sev such right by the paper, trusts the man. Edward Thom-eral times asked for its return. They parted with it, and son was out of possession in law and fact, and the pos- suffered it to remain four months out of their hands session of the carrier was that of the defendants. The without making any serious requisition in relation to it. general rule is that secret trusts are disregarded, but They knew the situation of Thomson's affairs, and that here the legal title of the consignee was reasonable no his necessities were urgent; they knew he was in the tice of all trusts under him, and the case is analagous to habit of negotiating loans on his outward bills of lading, that of a purchase of lands from one out of possession, they knew he could do so, and had done so. Immediwhere the purchaser is bound to make inquiry of the ately on Thomson's obtaining it, he pledged it in Newtenant as to the character of his tenure. That whoso-York; and, but for what the defendants did, he could ever takes an equity, takes it subject to prior equities. not have obtained a dollar from the plaintiffs, who not That the transfer of the bill of lading to the plaintiffs only would not have been satisfied without the bill, but was irregularly made, and that being written after the who took more than the usual precaution, by requiring signature and attestation was null as a deed, and only the execution of a regular deed of transfer. Till the good as evidence of an implied agreement, which mere- failure of Mr. Thomson, the defendants were perfectly ly passes in equity. There was no negligence on the quiet in regard to the giving up this bill of lading; and part of the defendants, which should prejudice them: had he remained in good credit to this hour, it is reahaving the extract of the letter of instructions, which sonable to presume that they would have remained so directed the return of the homeward cargo to be made yet, and that the whole transaction would have corresto them, they regarded the outward bill of lading as of ponded to the transactions of the previous year. Their little importance as a muniment of title. In England, election to claim the property was to be determined by when the possession of title papers is evidence of legal subsequent events, and that is what the law does not altitle, though the rule formerly was, that when a first low. In case of a positive refusal by Thomson to a semortgage suffered the title papers to remain in therious demand by them, it was the duty of the defendhands of the mortgager, equity would not relieve against ants, as respects the rest of the world, to advertise the a second mortgage, it is now well settled, that the mere bill of lading thus withheld,and it will not do to say now, parting with the title papers, is not sufficient to post- that such a course would have been ruinous to them by pone a prior incumbrancer. That, in fact, in this case annihilating Thomson, with whose interest theirs was the plaintiff's were in greater default, being bound to identified. It was a choice for them to make, to give ask for the letter of instructions. That it is reasonable up the bill of lading, or reclaim it by exposing the fraud. to infer, that they knew the 51,000 bill of lading had They have by their silence chosen the former alternabeen in the hands of the defendants, because it appear- tive. The transfer to the plaintiffs by assignment, resed in evidence that Mr. Francis H. Nichol, a director in pondentia bond, and memorandum, all forming part of one of the offices, had been made acquainted with the one instrument, and to be so considered, was in all resfact. That there were many circumstances calculated pects regular. No one but Thomson can have the least to excite suspicion and require caution, and that the pretence to dispute the validity of the assignment, and plaintiff's were, in point of law and justice, liable to loss it is admitted to be good against him. It was assigned by their default. They stood in the attitude of mere for a valuable consideration, and whether for adsecond equitable mortgages. -On the facts, the coun- vances previously or subsequently made by the plainsel contended that the deposit of the bill of lading was tiffs, and whether before or after the sailing of the intended as a permanent security, and that the repeat-ship, are questions wholly immaterial. That such ed demands by the defendants on Edward Thomson to a transfer as was made by Thomson, to the iusureturn it, showed that they so regarded it. That this rance oflices passed the legal title, is evident in some was apparent, from the state of the account between measure from the character of the bills of lading.— them, from which it appeared, that they were always in-A bill of lading is originally nothing more than a conadvance to him, and at the time of his failure, to an a- tract of carriage; and its most obvious construction is, mount double the value of the bill by the Superior.that the goods are the property of the shipper, unless That the mortgage, the payment of which has also been the contrary appear. In this case it was on account resisted, was intended not as a substitute, but as addi- and risk of Edward Thompson, and consigned to his tional security. That if credit were given to the defend- son. It was on an India voyage of which the peculiar ants' witnesses, there could be no doubt that a fraud usage is a matter of important consideration: by that 1had been practised on them at the time of the re-deliv-sage the ownership is manifested and the authority of the ery of the bill, and on the great point of the case, viz.: consignee. It is all one voyage, outward and homewhether there was a voluntary surrender of the security ward; specie is sent to purchase teas and silks, and no by them, it was only the decision of the simple ques- one would think of purchasing an outward cargo from tion, whose witnesses are worthy to be believed? The the supercargo or consignee. The shipper is in fact counsel entered into a detailed examination of the both consignor and consignee, and has the whole title evidence, with a view to impair the credibility of the legal and equitable. In such a case the outward bill of

1830.]

LAW REPORT.

at the time he obtained it, having fully paid for it, and
that the final balance against him arose entirely out of
subsequent transactions. They dwelt on the facts of
the respondentia negociation being completely public,
having been entered in all its stages in the books of Ed-
ward Thomson, whilst there was no entry or record in
the defendants' books of the original transaction with
them, and upon other facts calculated in their view to
destroy the effect and credit of the evidence which has
been relied on.

lading assumes a new character and additional import-him and the defendants. That he was entitled to the bill ance. This must have occurred to the defendants they being in the habit of making large advances on the mere deposit of outward bills. Respondentia loans are never made, but upon the transfer of bills of lading, and The assignce of the shipper never but in India trade. has therefore a perfect, legal and equitable title, and is The case of the entitled to the protection it affords. plaintiff's is thus made out, and the burthen of proof is thrown on the defendants, and whatever obscurity exRogers, J. in charging the Jury gave a summary of the ists it is incumbent on them to remove; and if it result from their omissions to preserve evidence, it is to their prejudice, and not to that of the plaintiffs. That defend- testimony, pointing their attention to such portions of it ants once had a right of some sort is conceded, it is all as were conflicting, and instructing them particularly On the points that clearly appears. If, as they alleged, they had tem- to examine such documentary evidence as would enable porarily lent the bill to Edward Thompson, the counsel them either to reconcile, or to determine the credit to for the plaintiff's contended, such an allegation could be given to, contradictory statements. not avail in law against the plaintiffs. The delivery to of law made in the progress of the cause, he stated the Mr. Thompson, and his possession were facts proclaim- opinion of the court to be, that the legal title to the ed to all the world; and to third persons is identical with property comprised in the bill of lading was in the On this point he recognized the rule unqualified possession and delivery: he was originally consignee to whom the outward proceeds were as laid down in the case of Griffith vs. Ingledew, the owner and appeared so still-the bill on its face deliverable. bearing the marks of ownership. The argument of the defendants that they had a title independently of the which had been cited by the defendants' counsell, and bill, under the instructions to the agent, depends on a which he regarded as the settled law in the state. That statement of the facts in which the plaintiff's widely dif- Edward Thomson's assignment to the plaintiff's gave fer from them; besides the evidence of the original cre- them but an equitable title subject to the prior equity ation of the trust supposed to be executed by the home- of the defendants, which prior equity could only be postward consignment, was the outward bill which they gave poned by such gross negligence on their part as amountup to be used to the prejudice of plaintiff's or others.-ed to fraud. That the technical exceptions made to the The possession of the symbol is the possession of the form and character of the endorsed transfer of the bill of that as between them and Edward Thomson it was perproperty. In rely to the argument as to the default lading to the companies were unsupported in law, and of the plaintiffs, the counsel contended that it was cusAs to the condust of the defendants in parting with the tomary with insurance offices, particularly in New York, fectly good, as well as a deed, as an implied agreement. to make respondentia leans on a mere execution of a bond and assignment of bill of lading, without asking bill of lading; and allowing it to remain so long out of for the shipper's letters to his agents; and that all the their possession, it was in legal estimation negligence, cases which had been cited by defendant's counsel, amounting, in its operation on the interests of others, to where it was held that an omission to ask for instruc- fraud; that if there were due caution on the part of the tions was fatal, were those of hypothecation by con- plaintiff's in taking the security, such negligence of the signee, for which the law implies no authority. There defendants ought to postpone them; and finally, that if were no circumstances calculated to excite suspicion or the Jury believed that the defendants at any time after to lead to inquiry. It is unfair and inconsistent with gave up the bill of lading knew of its transfer to the well settled principles, to infer the knowledge of the Companies, and remained quiet, the verdict must be The knowledge for the plaintiffs. The Court consider it to have been companies from that of Mr. Nichol. of a director is not the knowledge of the company. The incumbent on the plaintiffs before they made the loan doctrine of equity between first and second mortgages, to Thomson to take the precaution of asking for his letas it originally was, and as it is admitted it ought to be, ters to his agent abroad, and that in comparison of equiThat a false estimate had been made by is that if the first mortgagee left the title papers with ties, theirs must be postponed by their default in not mortgager he ought to be postponed. This is the law doing so. here. But even under the new rule, relied on by de- both parties of the character and importance of a bill of fendents, a first mortgagee will be postponed, when lading, one party regarding it as every thing, the other there is on his part actual fraud or gross negligence, as nothing. The defendants was accessary to an impowhich in law is equivalent. In this instance the de- sition by allowing such a paper to pass freely from them. fendants suffered the title paper to go into the hands of The plaintiff's were culpably careless in relying solely on Thompson, they suffered it to remain there, and by their its assignment to them. That at last the decision of the carelessness and indifference the plaiatiff's have been de- cause was to be left on the evidence to the jury; that if ceived. On the whole law of the case, the counsel con- they believed that the defendants had according to the tended that the bill of lading being for account and risk statements of their witnesses, been fraudulently deprivof the shipper, and the consignee only his agent, the le- ed of the possession of the bill of lading, without neglect gal ayd equitable title was in the shipper,and might pass on their part, and had taken proper measures to secure by assignment of the outward bill, By the alleged ar- its return, they must find for the defendants; and if on rangement between Thompson and the defendants, the the other hand they credit the evidence of the plaintiffs, former was to be throughout a trustee for them, for as that there had been a voluntary surrender of Edward the homeward bill was to come under cover to him, he Thomson, by the defendants, and that they knew of the might dispose of the homeward shipment. That this transfer to the insurance companies, and acquiesced in was a secret trust which could not affect the title of a it, the verdict must be for the plaintiff's. bona fide purchaser. And finally, that by giving up the bill of lading, and suffering it to remain for so long a time in Edward Thompson's hands, the defendants enabled him to dispose of it, and that upon every principle they should bear the loss.

The plaintiffs' counsel entered into a minute examination of the books and accounts of the defendants and of Edward Thomson, with a view to corroborate the statement of the latter as to the re-delivery of the bill of lading, by showing that it was perfectly reasonable, and consistent with the actual state of the account between

On Friday, January 8th, the cause having occupied upwards of three weeks, the Jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff's for fifty thousand four hundred and twenty-two dollars and forty-four cents, the value of the goods and damages for the detention.

A motion for a new trial has been made.

Appointment by the President.

HENRY BALDWIN, Esq. of Pittsburg, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the U. S. in the room of the Honorable Bushrod Washington, deceased'

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METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER,

DECEMBER, 1829.

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KEPT AT CHILISQUAQUE, BY J.P.
SANDERSON.

Oyer and Terminer, Orphans' Court, Register and Recorder, for Bedford county.

ABRAHAM S. WILSON, Prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas, Clerk of Quarter Sessions, and of Over

|Thermometer Atmosp. Variations. and Terminer, for Mifflin county.

P. M.

37 | 42 | 46 | Cloudy | Sunshin.

Sunshn. Cloudy

JOSHUA BEALE, Register of Wills, Recorder of Deeds, and Clerk of the Orphans' Court, for the same county.

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2.62

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SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION COMPANY.

Remarkable Coincidence.-On the Christmas day of 1824, at 7 o'clock, A. M. the thermometer stood in the shade at 33°, and two o'clock P.M. at 66°, the wind On Christmas blowing in a south westerly direction. day of the present year, at 7 o'clock A.M., the thermometer stood in the shade at 33°. and at two o'clock, P. M. at 63°. the wind blowing south-west, the only observable difference in the weather was, the last being a little more cloudy in the fore part of the day. In 1824 the observation was made on the thermometer in the Garden of the Philadelphia Hospital; and the present year on the thermometer in the Labyrinth Garden, in Arch street above Broad street.

THOMAS SMITH.

City Loan.--The Mayor of the City, having advertis

Statement of the affairs of the SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION ed for Proposals to the loan of 37,000 dollars to the city

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1,095,805 60

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7,414 98

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2,500 dollars at 5.50 do.

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Do of Real Estate,

Do of Individuals,

8,234 15
678 93

Do of Received Dividend Fund,

55,130 CO

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THE

REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.

VOL. V.-NO. 4.

EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD.

PHILADELPHIA, JANUARY 23, 1830. NO. 108.

GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON SUSQUEHANNA low Chenango Point. This creek gives name to a town

COUNTY.

ship where it leaves the State. The Choconut abounds in mills and water works, but it is not navigable.

Written by Isaac A. Chapman, Esq. in 1817. SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY was erected from Luzerne, on the 1st of February, 1810; and received its name from the circumstance, that in this county the Susquehanna river first enters tue state of Pennsylvania. It is 34 miles long and 24 broad, forming a regular parallelogram.-rises in a lake called Silver Lake, which is a beautiful But as the lines which bound it on the east and west are not at right angles to the State, but vary three degrees, the form of the County is a rhomboides. The perpendicular width, however, being 24 miles, the County contains 816 square miles, or 522,240 acres.

Snake Creek rises in a small lake, in the township of Bridgewater; and pursuing a serpentine course to the north, passes the northern boundary of Pennsylvania.— This stream and its branches, furnish an abundance of excellent mill seats. The west branch of Snake creek sheet of water about ths of a mile long by a mile wide. This lake received its name from Dr. Robert H. Rose, who has built an elegant seat upon its bank, and it has since given name to a Township and a Bank.Another branch of Snake creek rises in Quaker Lake, par-which is something larger than Silver Lake, and lies two miles north of it. This branch is called Quaker Lake Creek, and the other Silver Lake Creek. This stream affords fine mill seats in all its course, and a number are erected. It is not navigable.

The soil of Susquehanna is in general very good, ticularly so for grazing. I should estimate about onefourth of the county, as first rate quality of soil, and about half of it as second quality. There is very little barren or waste land in the county.

Susquehanna is not mountainous, but the face of the country is formed into gradual and easy hills, which lie principally in ridges conforming to the course of the streams. These hills are cultivated to their tops, and form the best land for grain.

I estimate that fifteen-sixteenths of the county is arable land and proper for cultivation. Rye and oats are most productive.

The mountains of Susquehanna are the followingThe Ockquuga Mountain, lying north of the Susquehanna river, near the northern boundary of the State, extending along the line about 10 miles.

The Moosic Mountain, which is more properly a hill, being of very gradual ascent and not very high. This lies on the head of Lackawannock creek, and extends N and S about sixteen miles. The land composing this mountain is very excellent.

The Wappasening rises in Choconut township, and flows north westerly into Bradford county. It falls into the Susquehanna river below the Choconut in the State of New York. It is a rapid stream and affords fine mill seats.

The Wyalusing rises in the township of Bridgewater, and running in a south-westerly direction receives two principal branches called the Middle and North branches. Both of these are received from the north. The main or east branch also receive two considerable streams from the south. The principal of which is Luke Creek. The main stream and all these branches afford fine seats for mills and machinery, and great numbers are erected in all parts of these waters. It passes into Bradford county about two miles below its main forks. The Wyalusing is a public highway and navigable for rafts from a point about 13 miles. There are several mills upon the creek lower down, but their dams have slopes for rafts to pass over. Boats, of course, cannot ascend it.

Mount Ararat is a spur of the Moosic mountain, lying near the NE part of the co.-good land & easy of access. The Elk Mountain is the extreme nob of Tunkhannock mountain, on the NE, and forms the eastern ter- Meshoppen Creek rises in the township of Bridgewamination of the main Allegheny mountain in Pennsylva-ter, and flows southwardly through Springville into the nia. It lies in the eastern part of the county, in the Susquehanna river in the county of Luzerne. township of Clifford. These are all the elevations fine stream for mills; but a fall near its mouth prevents that are thought worthy the names of mountains in Sus- it from being navigable more than half a mile from the quehanna county. Susquehanna. There is above this fall, a course of rapids and falls for many miles which will forever prevent it from being navigable any farther up.

The county contains probably about 3500 inhabitants, whose numbers are rapidly increasing.

[In 1828, the number of taxables was 2,594, or 12,970 inhabitants.]

The Streams of Susquehanna county are the Susquehanna river and its branches-of which the following are the principal, viz:-The Starucca, Choconut, Snake, Wappausening, Wyalusing, Meshoppen, Tunkhannock, and Salt-Lick creeks.

The Starucca rises near the Wayne county line; and running north westerly, falls into the Susquehanna a bout four miles below the State line. It is rapid, and affords fine mill seats the whole of its course, being no part of it navigable for rafts or boats. There are but a few mills on this creek.

The Choconut rises in Silver Lake township, and run ning north-westerly through a hilly country, crosses the Pennsylvania line into the State of New-York, near the mile stone. It falls into the Susquehanna river beVOL. V. 7

It is a

The Tunkhannock rises in Harmony township, and flowing southwardly through Jackson and Gibson townships, enters the county of Luzerne. It is a fine stream for mills, but too small in Susquehanna county to be navigable. For a more particular description I refer to my former notes.

Salt-Lick Creek, so called from salt-licks found on its waters, rises in New Milford township, and flowing northwardly falls into the Susquehanna river, at the vil lage of the Great Bend. It is too small to be navigable, but affords excellent mill seats.

These creeks vary very little from each other in the regularity of their currents, at different seasons, being generally low during the latter part of summer, but generally full at other seasons. This character, however, may change in some degree as the forest shall be cut away, and the ground become cultivated.

On Snake creek, about five miles from the Susquehanna river, is a Salt Spring, but it is situated so low that a small branch of the creek, when in the least swelled, mixes its water with that of the spring, and destroys its value. The water of the spring is so mixed with fresh water at all times, that it will probably never be very valuable, although some excellent salt has been made at it. There is near the spring a Slate Quarry which appears to be very extensive, and in time may become valuable. This Spring and Quarry are in the township of Lawsville.

I should estimate that about one-twentieth part of Susquehanna county is cultivated-but its population increases very fast by emigration from the eastern states. The Inhabitants are almost exclusively from the Eastern States, and their descendants; not one in thirty being of any other description.

The Towns and Villages of Susquehanna county, are the following, viz.-Montrose, Harford, and the Great Bend.

---

Montrose, the seat of Justice, is situate on the head of Wyalusing creek. It stands upon ground descending to the south; and has no stream passing through it. The town was commenced in 1811, when there were but two houses erected on the ground. It now contains about 20 houses, and is rapidly increasing. The Court house is an elegant wooden building; and has part of its rooms appropriated as a Prison, until the county shall become more wealthy. A new Bank, called the "Silver Lake Bank," has recently been established here, and has an excellent building erected for its accommodation.

Montrose received its name in compliment to Dr. Robert H. Rose, who was one of the principal donors for the establishment of the seat of justice here. It is 48 miles north from Wilkesbarre, to which place a turnpike road is now making. It is situated in the township of Bridgewater. An Academy has recently been established here. Montrose contains about 80 inhabts. [It has, since that period, been incorporated into a borough; and in 1828, contained 84 taxables, or 420 inhabitants.]

Harford is a village situate in a township of the same name, in the eastern part of Susquehanna county. It is built principally along one street, and the buildings are quite scattering, in all not exceeding 15 or 20. It is 13 miles east of Montrose, and contains about 100 in

habitants.

Great Bend, is a village, situated on the Susquehanna river, about 8 miles below where it first enters the State. It is built on both sides of the river, over which is a wooden tressle Bridge. The village is small and very irregular.

NOTES OF A TRAVELLER.

Extract of a letter, dated

PHILIPSBURG, January 1, 1830.
"We left Bellefonte, and passing through Milesburg,
gle creek, found ourselves in a few hours, on the sum-
a neat little village, situate on the south side of Bald Ea
mit of the Allegheny mountain. What a stupendous

fabric!
How commanding; how lofty and magnificent!
We stopped, and the driver politely gave us full time
to satiate our ravished eyes. This, methought was
Cowper's retreat when he looked upon the valley be-
low and saw the 'spacious meads with cattle sprinkled
o'er,' and the sturdy swain diminished to a boy, or
Moore's when he sang

"The last ray of feeling, of life shall depart
Ere the bloom of that valley shall fade from my heart.”
"The dim distant hills," which "like Alps o'er Alps
arise," until the eye is lost in the abyss. In truth, Mr.
G― imagined that he could overlook the city, and
actually thought that he beheld a ship coming up the
Delaware, which upon more minute examination and a
nearer approach of the object, appeared to be a tre-
mendous hawk sailing in the air, attracted, no doubt,
by the offals of that elegant and spacious hotel on the
top of the Allegheny mountain, called the Rattlesnake

Tavern!

We cast "a longing, lingering look behind,” and enjoying the "magic streamlet and hill," proceeded over an excellent turnpike to Philipsburg, which may emphatically be called a town of stumps. Hairs never stood more plenteously on a dog's back than the stumps in Philipsburg, yet it is a stirring place, and much indebted to the public spirit and enterprise of Dr. Philips, the proprietar. It contains some beautiful buildings, and may be called a place of business. Among other manufactories, there is one for the manufacture of screws, which is among the most singular of modern in

vention.

Philipsburg is situate on Big Mushannan, about twenty miles from its confluence with the West Branch of the Susquehanna. Bituminous stone coal abounds on this stream in great abundance, and although wood is here at every man's door, this coal is used by almost every family-the price, delivered at the door being four cents per bushel. We of the city have laboured under a very great error with regard to the Clearfield county coal, in supposing that it was unsuitable for parlour use. It is infinitely preferable to the anthracite.I am now writing by a grate, which admits the most cheering heat, and no bituminous odour. The whole presents one mass of livid flame, more brilliant, if possi ble, than a pile of pine knots, and apparently quite as From this place a Turnpike Road is completed to much pitch intermixed. There is an English gentleman Coshocton on the Delaware river. The Susquehanna now here engaged in extracting pitch from it. here has formed extensive flats or plains on which the much is it to be regretted that this coal cannot be bro't village stands surrounded, on all sides by high hills.. to market by some mode of conveyance. Should the This village received its name from a bend in the river West Branch canal be extended to this region, these at this place. A turnpike road from Milford on the Del-coal-beds must become a source of incalculable wealth, aware to Owego, on the Susquehanna, in the state of and the people here feel just alarm at the pecuniary New York, is now in progression through the county of embarrassment of the state, and the probable suspenSusquehanna, which passes through the village of Mon-ion of the canal. They are seeking another route to

trose.

Susquehanna appears to have been derived originally from the Indian name Soosquehaanunk, which is said to signify, long, crooked river.

The general character of the soil of Susquehanna county, is a mixture of loam and clay, containing very little sand or gravel, and has a "hard pan" of gravelly earth beneath, of the depth of about two feet.

How

market, and are about making application for a railway to intersect the Juniata canal at Alexandria, a distance of about 24 miles. The project is said to be feasible."

REGULATIONS & TOLLS ON CANALS. We have thought that a simultaneous publication of the Regulations and Tolls, on the four Canals now in operation in this vicinity, would be convenient and use

The Townships of Susquehanna county areChoconut, Middletown, Rush, Auburn, Silver Lake, Bridgewater, Springville, New Milford, Waterfoad, Wilful for reference-we, therefore present the following lingborough, Lawsville, Harford, Lenox, Harmony, tables, respecting the Union, Schuylkill, Lehigh, and Jackson, Gibson, Clifford, Herrick, Great Bend,Brooklyn. Delaware & Chesapeake Canals.

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