sir.

Senator NEWLANDS. The people that appeared at the hearings; yes,

Senator LONG. And those who presented the petitions?

Senator NEWLANDS. Yes; but they are a very small proportion of the Philippine people. But let me say that I really do not believe that among the mass of the Philippine people there is any knowledge or information regarding this measure at all. We had an illustration of that at one of the meetings, when Secretary Taft was addressing a large meeting, which was preceded by a procession and followed by a banquet, in one of their principal towns. The people were all gathered in front of the stand listening to his speech, which was one of singular dignity and humanity. It was interpreted in Spanish, sentence by sentence, and there was no responsiveness by the people-none whatever. I turned to an official next to me and said, "I am amazed that these people do not respond to the humanity and friendliness of Taft's utterances." "Why," he said, "these people do not understand either English or Spanish; " and there they were, absolutely dead to any impression. How can we assume, then, that on an economic question of this kind the Filipino people, or any large proportion of them

Senator LONG. I refer to those who presented themselves at our hearings and who presented petitions to us. Those people, you say, were all for this legislation.

Senator NEWLANDS. Let me answer your question. Even if I felt that all of the Filipino people desired this particular legislation I would oppose it, and I will tell you why I would oppose it, because we have to consider ourselves as well as the Filipino people, and I would oppose it simply because I would regard it as a great disaster for this country to hold the Philippines for all time, and I regard this bill as absolutely tying those islands to us for all time; that to build up such commanding and controlling interests as the trust interests the sugar-trust interests and the shipping interests and the tariff-protected interests-in this country would build up just such interests as would be powerful in legislation and absolutely prevent us from cutting the tie.

Senator LONG. You believe that if we hold those islands we should teach the people English and should legislate for their benefit, do you not?

Senator NEWLANDS. Yes.

Senator LONG. And instead of giving them this legislation you are in favor of direct appropriation from the Treasury of the United States?

Senator NEWLANDS. Yes; I insist upon it that it would be cheaper and more honest, because our books would show just what they cost us. I think that this method is a method for concealing our loss in the Philippine Islands.

Senator BEVERIDGE. And in any event it is illegal?

Senator LONG. Your main proposition is in effect that direct appropriation from the Treasury of the United States for the people of the Philippine Islands is the proper course?

Senator NEWLANDS. We could make a direct appropriation of that character, or we could accept the Philippine bonds for it, or guarantee the Filipino bonds, but in the end the obligation would be ours, whether legal or moral.

Senator DUBOIS. I would like to ask a question that I have in mind. Is it not a fact that almost all of those who appeared before our people over there in regard to this tariff legislation were sugar planters, and that they were invited there especially?

Senator NEWLANDS. That is true. They were almost all of them either sugar planters or tobacco planters.

Senator DUBOIS. Or officers of our Government?
Senator NEWLANDS. Yes.

Senator DUBOIS. Now, in addition to that, didn't you find out that the leading men of the Philippines were opposed to this legislation? Senator NEWLANDS. I have reason to believe that some of them were. I did not have the opportunity of knowing what the leading men of the Philippine Islands thought, but I do know that some of them felt that the passage of this bill would indefinitely postpone Filipino independence.

Senator DUBOIS. By the leading men I mean the educators.

Senator LONG. Is it not a fact that those who spoke for independence at the various public meetings in Manila, and who presented themselves on the last day of the hearings in Manila, in speaking for independence also advocated the passage of this legislation?

Senator NEWLANDS. I do not think they did. They may have done so. I thought their remarks were mainly addressed to the political

feature.

Senator LONG. But they all supported this legislation?

Senator DUBOIS. Of that class that you refer to, who discussed independence, how many appeared before the committee?

Senator NEWLANDS. I think there were three or four.

Senator LONG. They represented certain classes?

Senator DUBOIS. Were they not limited to three or four? When you sailed away for a month, didn't you announce to them that you would hear three or four of them on general topics?

Senator NEWLANDS. Yes; and let me say further that I can understand how many men, who would be in favor of independence there, would fail to realize that this bill would postpone or perhaps absolutely kill independence.

Senator BEVERIDGE. They were not intelligent enough, you mean? Senator NEWLANDS. Yes; they would have in view simply the important advantage of getting double the price they were accustomed to get in our markets, but they would be likely to seize the fruit immediately in reach of them, even though it might prevent them thereafter from plucking the apple of independence.

Senator LONG. We now give the hemp of the Philippine Islands free admission into our markets?

Senator NEWLANDS. Yes.

Senator LONG. And copra, the product of the cocoanut, comes in free, does it not?

Senator NEWLANDS. Yes.

Senator LONG. There is prosperity in those portions of the islands that produce hemp and copra, is there not? They found prosperity? Senator NEWLANDS. Yes; that is true.

Senator LONG. We found prosperity there, and we found more destitution and distress in the sugar part of the islands, did we not? Senator NEWLANDS. Yes.

Senator LONG. Have you any doubt that if this legislation is enacted it will benefit those islands that produce sugar?

Senator NEWLANDS. Of course, if you will give them double the prices that they can get anywhere else in the world it follows conclusively.

Senator LONG. But instead of benefiting them in that way you prefer to pay them out of the Treasury of the United States?

Senator NEWLANDS. Yes, sir; we benefit them and ourselves. Now, let me say one thing with regard to the tonnage of sugar. The estimated consumption during this next year is 2,750,000 tons. The amount produced in this country-that is, duty free-is estimated at about 1,300,000 tons. It consists of Louisiana and Texas sugar, 400,000 tons; sugar beet, 300,000 tons; Porto Rico, 200,000 tons; Hawaiian, 400,000, making in all 1,300,000 tons that pay no duty or tax. Now, the sugar that has come in on preferred terms is the Cuban sugar, of which it is estimated 1,300,000 tons will come in this year. So, adding the preferred sugar to the duty-free sugar, we will have 2,600,000 tons against a possible consumption of 2,750,000 tons, which is a difference of only 150,000 tons. Now, if you let in the Filipino sugar free

The CHAIRMAN. It will displace Cuban sugar, of course.
Senator NEWLANDS. Well, I do not know.

The CHAIRMAN. Of course it will. It will displace the duty-free sugar.

Senator NEWLANDS. If Philippine sugar comes in the sugar that will be displaced first in the United States will be our own sugar, produced on this continent.

The CHAIRMAN. Why does not the Cuban sugar displace it?

Senator NEWLANDS. Because as yet we have not reached the point where the duty-free sugar of this country, added to the preferred sugar, equals the total consumption. Then when that point is reached the duty-free sugar whose production costs the most will suffer the quickest, and that sugar will probably be the cane sugar of Louisiana and the beet sugar of the West.

The CHAIRMAN. Of course the free sugar will always displace the duty-paid sugar. To leave that statement there is impossible. Of course the free sugar will always displace the duty-paid sugar, just as the Cuban sugar on a basis of 20 per cent displaces all the dutypaid sugar.

Senator NEWLANDS. But recollect that our protected sugar-the sugar of Louisiana and the West-is the sugar that is particularly protected by this tariff, or was intended to be protected by this tariff. Now they say they can not maintain themselves unless they get their present price of $75 per ton.

The CHAIRMAN. Suppose you should double the production of Louisiana, do you mean to say that it would displace the beet sugar? Of course it would not. It would displace the Cuban sugar.

Senator BEVERIDGE. It is conceded that this will not affect the price. That is conceded, is it not?

Senator NEWLANDS. Not until

Senator BEVERIDGE. Not until the point of consumption is reached? Senator NEWLANDS. Not until the sugar that comes in from the tropical islands, plus the protected sugar, plus the Cuban sugar, equals the consumption and passes it.

Senator BEVERIDGE. I asked you earlier in the hearing to please give the committee a statement of the increase of sugar per capita in this country. I do not think you have done it. I think you will find the increase of consumption per capita is far outstripping the increase of native productions, cane and beet. So the danger is very remote. Senator NEWLANDS. I would like to look over this record and put in a statement regarding that.

The CHAIRMAN. Certainly, you may do that.

Senator LONG. I know nothing about the record of the proceedings to which Senator Newlands referred. I only know that he was a member of the committee with myself when we reported a bill that changed from free trade to 75 per cent of the Dingley law, and I wanted to know his position on that proposition.

The CHAIRMAN. The hour of 12 o'clock having arrived, I will say to the committee that Mr. Colcok, who represents the Louisiana sugar growers, desires to be heard on Thursday; he will not be able to be here before that time. His throat has been troubling him, and I have appointed Thursday as the time when we will hear him, and I also told Mr. Hatch, who represents the Hawaiian sugar growers, that he could be heard on the same morning.

Senator STONE. Is Secretary Taft to appear before the committee? The CHAIRMAN. That will be for the committee to determine. He will be very glad to come if desired.

Senator DUBOIS. Mr. Chairman, had you not better get authority for us to sit during the sessions of the Senate?

The CHAIRMAN. That will be done this morning.

(At 12 o'clock noon the committee adjourned until Thursday, January 25, 1906, at 10.30 o'clock a. m.)

COMMITTEE ON THE PHILIPPINES,
UNITED STATES SENATE,
Thursday, January 25, 1906.

The committee met at 10.30 o'clock a. m., pursuant to adjournment. Present: The chairman (Senator Lodge), Senators Burrows, Dick, Nixon, Long, Culberson, Dubois, and Carmack.

STATEMENT OF MR. DANIEL D. COLCOCK.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Colcock, the committee will hear you now. Mr. COLCOCK. Before I begin I would ask that I be allowed to read my statement without any interruption, and then I will answer questions.

The CHAIRMAN. Certainly.

Mr. COLCOCK. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I appear as the paid representative of the American Cane Growers' Association, domiciled in Louisiana; as the secretary and superintendent of the Louisiana Sugar Exchange, of New Orleans, incorporated in March, 1883, and handling actual goods to the value of from $32,000,000 to $40,000,000 annually, in sugar and molasses, and not dealing in futures in any shape or form.

I am also, as far as it can be said to exist, secretary of the Louisiana. Scientific Agricultural Association, which founded and operated the

sugar experiment station at New Orleans for several years prior to the passage of the Hatch bill.

I am a defender in the American Protective Tariff League and a Republican in political faith.

On the 13th of December last I came before the Ways and Means Committee of the House in opposition of H. R. 3, as originally drawn, and am at present more opposed to the amended bill, if it were possible to be so, on account of the information acquired by close attention to the hearings. It is my sincere desire to aid our lawmakers in framing such laws as will enable them to carry out any honest purpose they may have in view, provided it can be done without sacrificing the sugar industry of our common country. I have been coming up here from time to time since 1890 for that purpose only, and I can truly say that I would not come here for any other purpose.

The present Schedule "E"-the sugar schedule of the Dingley bill-is largely the result of work done by me and by the importers of sugar of New York. On the present question, whenever we interpose objections or express fears, the answer we get is, up to this time, invariably, "Pooh-pooh!" Our amiable and, I may say, loveworthy Secretary of War tries to reassure us in that way. At the first hearings in the Fifty-eighth Congress, after telling the Ways and Means Committee that he was neither a sugar expert nor a business man," he "pooh-poohed" our fears and, if my memory does not betray me, and "I do not think she do," Colonel Colton said: "Pooh-pooh!" and Colonel Edwards said: "Pooh-pooh!" and last summer our amiable and, I may say, loveworthy Secretary of War gathered together quite a flock of Senators and Congressmen and took them across the Pacific and taught them the same refrain-“ Poohpooh!"

If it were not sacrilegious, I would say, with Macbeth:

Henceforth be juggling fiends no more believed

Who palter with us in a double sense,

Holding the word of promise to our ear

To break it to our hope.

Down in my "neck of the woods" we sometimes "kinder think;" and when I heard of this Taft expedition-"Taft's Innocents. Abroad," I have since learned to call it, on account of the interpreter and guide having the same name as that Mark Twain bestowed"Ferguson "-I "kinder thought" it would pay me to know the Spanish language and get the Philippine papers and see what they had to say about the "innocents abroad," so as to compare it with what they said about themselves. I also subscribed to the Des Moines Capital-Col. Lafayette Young's paper, he being one of the correspondents accompanying the "innocents" abroad-in the interest of truth and publicity. A faithful study of these columns would enable a confidence man to pass himself off as a simon-pure innocent, for they gave every detail, from the landing in barges at Manila to the splitting up of the party on their return from a comic-opera performance at Jolo.

When I got here in December last I obtained more Philippine papers from the Bureau of Insular Affairs, and spent several nights adding to my fund of information about the Philippines with a P and the Filipinos with an F, and then I absorbed a book called "The