The Emergence of NormsEdna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. The problems are such that they inhere in the structure (in the game-theoretical sense of structure) of the situations concerned. Three types of paradigmatic situations are dealt with. They are referred to as Prisoners' Dilemma-type situations; co-ordination situations; and inequality (or partiality) situations. Each of them, it is claimed, poses a basic difficulty, to some or all of the individuals involved in them. Three types of norms, respectively, are offered as solutions to these situational problems. It is shown how, and in what sense, the adoption of these norms of social behaviour can indeed resolve the specified problems. |
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Page 69
... thing , which notwithstanding any thing can be foreseen , and reckoned on , tendeth to his own destruction , howsoever some acci- dent which he could not expect , arriving may turn it to his benefit ; yet such events do not make it ...
... thing , which notwithstanding any thing can be foreseen , and reckoned on , tendeth to his own destruction , howsoever some acci- dent which he could not expect , arriving may turn it to his benefit ; yet such events do not make it ...
Page 166
... things can be different , that the tide may turn , indeed that he himself might help turn the tide . Now there is one thing Column - Chooser can do : he can try to convince Row - Chooser that he is committed , in a binding and ...
... things can be different , that the tide may turn , indeed that he himself might help turn the tide . Now there is one thing Column - Chooser can do : he can try to convince Row - Chooser that he is committed , in a binding and ...
Page 196
... thing for doing what he wants , or at any rate being able to arrange for him to be worse off if he does not comply ... things , in that the favoured party's deviance is just as punishable as the other party's ; the coercion aspect of it ...
... thing for doing what he wants , or at any rate being able to arrange for him to be worse off if he does not comply ... things , in that the favoured party's deviance is just as punishable as the other party's ; the coercion aspect of it ...
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Common terms and phrases
absolute position achieved affairs agents alternative argument autarkic behaviour cell cerned choice of action choose co-operation co-operative goal co-ordination equilibrium co-ordination norms coercion Column-Chooser Column-Chooser's concept concerned condition confess conflict conformity considered contexts covenant Dahrendorf desert deviance deviate dilemma discussion disfavourably placed party dominant envy example existence expectations explained explicit agreement fact favoured party function game theory game-theoretical equilibrium Gauthier hence Hobbes Hobbes's Hobbesian individual interaction situation interests involved means Methodological Individualism moral mortarmen mutual non-A norms of partiality oligopolists one's ordination outcome participants pay-off PD norms PD problem PD-structured situations possible preference present Prisoners question quo of inequality Ralf Dahrendorf rational reconstruction reason recurrent co-ordination problem regard relative position represented Row-Chooser sanctions Schelling sense social choice social norms society solution solving stability stag-hunt status quo strategic move structure supposed threat tion types of norms unilateral violation W. G. Runciman zero-sum