The Emergence of NormsEdna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. The problems are such that they inhere in the structure (in the game-theoretical sense of structure) of the situations concerned. Three types of paradigmatic situations are dealt with. They are referred to as Prisoners' Dilemma-type situations; co-ordination situations; and inequality (or partiality) situations. Each of them, it is claimed, poses a basic difficulty, to some or all of the individuals involved in them. Three types of norms, respectively, are offered as solutions to these situational problems. It is shown how, and in what sense, the adoption of these norms of social behaviour can indeed resolve the specified problems. |
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Page 28
... condition - call it the condition of individual insignificance— implies ( but is not implied by ) another condition , which we might call the condition of homogeneity . It requires that the con- tribution of each participant has more or ...
... condition - call it the condition of individual insignificance— implies ( but is not implied by ) another condition , which we might call the condition of homogeneity . It requires that the con- tribution of each participant has more or ...
Page 29
... condition of individual in- significance — and hence the condition of homogeneity too — are more likely to constitute recruiting fields for norm - generating contexts than are those which do not . In generalized PD- structured ...
... condition of individual in- significance — and hence the condition of homogeneity too — are more likely to constitute recruiting fields for norm - generating contexts than are those which do not . In generalized PD- structured ...
Page 42
... condition , therefore , would be that choosing the co - operative action in a PD- structured situation , and persevering in this choice , would count as moral behaviour if a further condition is satisfied : that this involves no ...
... condition , therefore , would be that choosing the co - operative action in a PD- structured situation , and persevering in this choice , would count as moral behaviour if a further condition is satisfied : that this involves no ...
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Common terms and phrases
absolute position achieved affairs agents alternative argument autarkic behaviour cell cerned choice of action choose co-operation co-operative goal co-ordination equilibrium co-ordination norms coercion Column-Chooser Column-Chooser's concept concerned condition confess conflict conformity considered contexts covenant Dahrendorf desert deviance deviate dilemma discussion disfavourably placed party dominant envy example existence expectations explained explicit agreement fact favoured party function game theory game-theoretical equilibrium Gauthier hence Hobbes Hobbes's Hobbesian individual interaction situation interests involved means Methodological Individualism moral mortarmen mutual non-A norms of partiality oligopolists one's ordination outcome participants pay-off PD norms PD problem PD-structured situations possible preference present Prisoners question quo of inequality Ralf Dahrendorf rational reconstruction reason recurrent co-ordination problem regard relative position represented Row-Chooser sanctions Schelling sense social choice social norms society solution solving stability stag-hunt status quo strategic move structure supposed threat tion types of norms unilateral violation W. G. Runciman zero-sum