greatest that had then appeared in France. But the cardinal died in 1642, and he consequently could not have long been in his service. Perhaps he was employed to make purchases for this library when in Italy, &c. The cardinal appears not to have rewarded him with much liberality, and in 1648 we find him complaining of being neglected. He had, however, a greater mortification to undergo in 1652, when this fine collection was sold by order of the parliament. He is said to have been greatly irritated on this occasion, and bought all the medical books it contained for 3500 livres Isaac Vossius now recommended him to Christina queen of Sweden, with whom he resided a few months as librarian, or rather to fill up that station in the absence of Vossius, who was at this time in disgrace. Naudé, however, neither liked the employment nor the people, and took an early opportunity to give in his resignation; on which occasion the queen, and some other persons of rank, testified their regard for him by various presents. The fatigue of his journey on returning brought on a fever, which obliged him to stop at Abbeville, where he died July 29, 1653. Naudé was a man of great learning, and in his private conduct, correct, prudent, and friendly. His sentiments, as we have noticed, were on some subjects, very liberal, but on others he deserves less praise. While he played the freethinker so far as to despise some parts of the belief of his church, he could gravely vindicate the massacres of St. Bartholomew, as a measure of political expedience. His works are very numerous. To the few already mentioned we may add, 1. "Le Marfore, ou Discours contre les libelles." Paris, 1620, 8vo. 2. "Instruction à la France sur la verité de l'histoire des freres de la Rose-croix," ibid. 1623, Svo. The Rosecrucians he considers as impostors. 3. "Addition à l'histoire de Louis XI." ibid. 1630. 4. Consideration politique sur les coups d'Etat, par G. N. P." Rome, (i. e. Paris), 1639, 4to. It is in this work he vindicates the massacre of St. Bartholomew; but he appears to have published it with great caution, and it is said that this first edition consisted of only twelve copies. It was, however, reprinted in 1667, 1673, and in 1752, 3 vols. 12mo, with notes and reflections by Louis du May. 5. "Bibliographia Politica," Leyden, 1642, 16mo, a learned work, but not very cor6. "Hieronymi Cardani vita," Paris, 1643, 8vo. 6. "Jugement de tout ce qui a eté imprimé contre le car

rect.

dinal Mazarin depuis Jan. 6, jusqu'au 1 Avril, 1649," Paris, 1649, 4to. This curious work, which is of great rarity, is sometimes called "Mascurat," and consists of a dialogue between St. Ange, a librarian, i. e. Naudé, and Mascurat, a printer, i. e. Camusat. 7. "Avis a Nosseigneurs du parlement sur la vente de la Bibliotheque du cardinal Mazarin," 1652, 4to. 8 "Nundæana et Patiniana," Paris, 1701, in which are many of his sentiments, and some particulars of his history.'

NAUDE (PHILIP), an able mathematician, was born in 1654, of poor parents, at Metz. He retired to Berlin after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and there forming a friendship with Langerfield, mathematician to the court, who taught the pages, succeeded him in 1696, was admitted into the society of sciences at Berlin in 1701, and into the academy of the princes, as professor of mathematics, in 1704. He died in 1729, at Berlin. His particular study was divinity, on which he has written much more than on mathematics; his only work on that science being a system of geometry, in German, 4to, and some other smali pieces in the "Miscellanea," of the society at Berlin. His theological works are, "Meditationes Saintes," 12mo. "Morale Evangelique," 2 vols. 8vo. "La souveraine perfection de Dieu dans ses divins attributs, et la parfaite intégrité de l'Ecriture prise au sens des anciens réformés," 2 vols. 8vo, against Bayle; "Examen de deux Traités de M. de la Placette," 2 vols. 12mo. His eldest son distinguished himself as his successor, and died 1745. He was a skilful mathematician, member of the societies of Berlin and London; and several memoirs of his may be found in the "Miscellanea Berolinensia." *

NAUNTON (Sir ROBERT), a statesman in the reign of James I. was of an ancient family in Suffolk, and educated a fellow-commoner of Trinity-college, Cambridge, whence he removed to Trinity-hall, and was chosen a fellow. When his uncle, William Ashby, esq. was sent ambassador from queen Elizabeth into Scotland in 1589, he accompanied him, probably in the office of secretary; and was sometimes sent by him on affairs of trust and importance to the court of England, where we find him in July of that year, discontented with his unsuccessful dependance

1 Chaufepie.-Eloy, Diet. Hist. de Medicine.-Niceron, vol. IX. and X.Moreri. Dibdin's Bibliomania. 2 Chaufepie.-Dict. Hist.

on courtiers, and resolved to hasten back to his uncle, to whom he returned in the beginning of the month following, and continued with him till January 1589, when Mr. Ashby was succeeded in his embassy by Robert Bowes, esq. Mr. Naunton was in France in 1596 and 1597, whence he corresponded frequently with the earl of Essex, who does not appear to have had interest enough to advance him to. any civil post; for which reason it is probable that, after his lordship's disgrace, Mr. Naunton returned to college, and, in 1601, was elected public orator of the university. Lloyd observes, that his speeches, "both while proctor and orator of Cambridge, discovered him more inclined to public accomplishments than private studies." A speech which he had to deliver before James I. at Hinchinbroke, is said to have pleased the king very much, and paved the way to his obtaining employment at court. Accordingly he was first made master of the requests, then surveyor of the court of wards, by the interest of sir Thomas Overbury and sir George Villiers, and, in January 1618, was advanced to be secretary of state. He was lastly promoted to be master of the court of wards, which office he resigned in March 1635, and died in the same mouth. He was buried in the church of Letheringham in Suffolk.

Sir Robert Naunton, for so he was created by James I. was a man of considerable learning, and well qualified for political affairs; and his letters contain many curious facts and just observations on the characters and parties of his day. His "Fragmenta Regalia" continues to preserve his memory. This tract, printed first in 1641, 4to, contains some interesting observations on queen Elizabeth, and her principal courtiers, apparently written with impartiality; but in an uncouth and rugged style.'

NAVAGERO, or NAUGERIUS, (ANDREW,) a learned Italian scholar and poet, was born at Venice, of a patrician family, in 1483, and was instructed in Latin and Greek at Venice and Padua, under Sabellicus and Marcus Musurus. In the Latin language and composition he acquired great facility and taste, as appeared by his subsequent productions; and also cultivated Italian poetry, in his youth, with equal success. He appears to have embarked both in military and political life. He attended his friend Livanius, the Venetian general, in some of his expeditions; and

1 Birch's Memoirs of queen Elizabeth.-Lloyd's Memoirs-Fuller's Worthies.-Nichols's Leicestershire.

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one of his most elegant Latin poems was a funeral elogy on that officer. His political talents recommended him to the office of Venetian ambassador at the court of Charles V. when the Italian States began to take the alarm at that monarch's apparent projects of aggrandizement. He was afterwards deputed on a similar mission to Francis I.; but too great solicitude on this occasion is supposed to have been fatal to him. After travelling with great speed to France, he had scarce paid his respects to the monarch when he was seized with a fever, at Blois, and died in 1529, in his forty-sixth year.

In 1515, he was nominated by the senate of Venice historiographer of his native country, and was at that time deemed the most elegant Latin writer that Italy could boast. He appears however to have been so fastidious as to be rarely satisfied with any thing he wrote, and is supposed to have destroyed ten books of the history of Venice a few hours before his death. Many of his poems shared the same fate, either because they fell short of that standard of excellence which he had formed in his own mind, or had been composed after models which he deemed illchosen. If he could be thus severe to himself, we cannot wonder that he should be equally so to others. It is said, that he every year burnt a copy of Martial, as a corrupter of that pure taste which distinguished the writers of the Augustan age. Navagero's Latin poems are now consequently few in number, but sufficient to justify the character bestowed by his countrymen, and the esteem in which they held him. They were printed in 1530, under the title "Andreæ Naugerii Patricii Veneti Orationes duæ, Carminaque nonnulla," Venice, folio. Considerable additions were made by Vulpius, although improperly called "opera omnia ;" and printed at Padua, in quarto, 1718.

Navagero was also distinguished for his Greek literature, and was such an admirer of Pindar that he transcribed his works more than once. He was a great encourager of the labours of Aldus Manutius, and diligently revised and corrected the texts of Lucretius, Virgil, Horace, Tibullus, Quintilian, and especially of Cicero. In inscribing to Navagero, by a most interesting preface, the volume which comprizes the "Rhetorica Ciceronis," printed at Venice in 1514, 8vo, Aldus testified the high sense which he entertained of these obligations.'

1 Life prefixed by Vulpius to the Padua edition.-Gresswell's Memoirs of Politian, &c.-Roscoe's Leo.

NAVARETE (JUAN HERNANDEZ), a Spanish painter, was born in 1562 at Logronno, and becoming, in his third year, both deaf and dumb, is generally known under the name of "El Mudo.' His talent for the art was not, however, affected by this misfortune; a rapid progress in the school of Fr. Vicente soon enabled him to travel to Italy, and to form himself at Venice upon the works of Titian. After his return to Madrid, he was, 1568, nominated painter to the king, and gave a proof of his great talent by a small picture representing the baptism of Christ, still preserved in the Escurial; which is indeed the repository of his most distinguished works, especially of the celebrated Presepio, in which the principal light emanates from the Infant; the S. Hippolytus in nocturnal quest after the body of S. Lorenzo, where silence, secresy, and fear, appear personified; and what is commonly considered as his masterpiece, a Holy Family, not less noticed for the characteristic singularity of the accessories than the beauties of the groupe. To these his works at Valencia, Salamanca, and Estrella are little inferior; all distinguished by a colour which acquired him the title of the Spanish Titian. He died in 1579.1

NAVARRE. See AZPILCUETA.

NAVARETTA (FERDINAND), a Spanish Dominican friar, born in Old Castile, is said to have been an eloquent preacher. He quitted Spain in 1646 on a mission to China, where he did not arrive till 1659. He was head of the mission in the province of Chekiang when the persecution arose, and was expelled with the rest of the missionaries. In 1672, he returned to Spain; and soon after went to Rome to give the pope an account of his conduct, which savoured more of the zeal of Loyola than of St. Paul. In 1678 Charles II. raised him to the archbishopric of St. Domingo, in America, where he resided till his death, in 1689. He spoke the Chinese language fluently, and no person, perhaps, understood better the affairs of China. He wrote a work entitled "Tradados Historicos, Politicos, Ethicos, y Religiosos, de la monarchia de China." The first volume, folio, Mad. 1676, is scarce and curious, but

* A cat, a dog, and a partridge. They were perhaps the cause why he was constrained to bind himself in a contract made by order of Philip II. not to introduce cats, &c. again in

similar subjects. The words of the contract are: "Yen las dichas pinturas non ponga gato, ni perro, ni otra figura que sia deshonesta."

Pilkington by Fuseli.