in the field, and being in no condition to undertake a siege he had before miscarried in, he returned to Frederica, and in September following he arrived in England.

The ill success of the attack on St. Augustine was ascribed to different causes, as the interests and passions of several of the persons concerned in the business operated. By some it was imputed to treachery: by others, to the misconduct of the general. A controversy, carried on with much acrimony, ensued; and, on the general's return to England, nineteen articles of complaint were delivered in against him by lieutenant-colonel William Cooke, on which a board of officers sat a considerable time, when, after hearing the evidence, they, on the 7th of June, 1744, dismissed the charges as groundless and malicious, and declared the accuser incapable of serving his majesty. In the month of September in this year the general married the only daughter of sir Nathan Wright, bart. of Cranhamhall, in Essex.

On the 30th of March, 1745, he was promoted to the rank of major-general; and the rebellion breaking out in that year, we find him in December with his regiment very actively employed in following the rebels; but though he was frequently close to them, he did not overtake them, and in February 1746 he arrived in London. His conduct again became the subject of inquiry. On the 29th of September his trial came on at the Horse Guards, and ended the 7th of October, when he was again honourably acquitted; and the Gazette of the 21st of that month declared, that his majesty was graciously pleased to confirm the sentence.

Here his military character seems to have ended; for we do not find that he was any way employed in the war of 1756. On the establishing the British Herring Fishery in 1750, he took a very considerable part, and became one of the council; in which situation he, on the 25th of October, delivered to the prince of Wales the charter of incorporation, in a speech printed in the journals of that year. In 1754 he was candidate for the borough of Haslemere, which he had represented in former parliaments; but on the close of the poll the numbers were found to be, for J. More Molyneux 75, Phil. Carteret Webb 76, Peter Burrel 46, and for himself only 45.

It has been said, that after this period he was reduced to great difficulties in his fortune, and to the necessity of

practising in some manner the science of physic as a profession. We know, however, of no authority for this assertion. On Feb. 22, 1765, he was advanced to the rank of general, and lived to be the oldest officer in the king's service. He died at Cranham, June 30, 1785.

He is represented to have been a man of great benevolence, and has been immortalized both by Thomson and Pope. He was at once, says Dr. Warton, a great hero and a great legislator. The vigour of his mind and body has seldom been equalled. The vivacity of his genius continued to a great old age. The variety of his adventures, and the very different scenes in which he had been engaged, merit a more full narrative than we have been able to furnish. Dr. Johnson once offered to write his life, if the general would furnish the materials. Johnson had a great regard for him, for he was one of the first persons that highly, in all companies, praised his "London." But the greatest lustre of his life was derived from his benevolent and judicious settlement of the colony of Georgia.1

OISEL, or OUZEL (JAMES), a learned civilian, was born at Dantzic May 4, 1631. His father originally intended him for commercial life, and sent him to Holland with that view; but as he betrayed a stronger inclination to study, and employed all his leisure hours in acquiring knowledge that could be of no use in trade, he was permitted to enter upon a regular course of academic instruction at Leyden. At this university, which he entered in 1650, he was enabled to profit by the instructions of those learned contemporaries, Salmasius, Daniel Heinsius, Boxhornius, Golius, &c.; and he had not been here above two years before he published an excellent edition of Minutius Felix, in quarto, dedicated to Christina queen of Sweden. Both Niceron and Morhoff accuse him of plagiarism in this work; but Chaufepie defends him, and apparently with justice. Besides the belles-lettres, he studied law, both at Leyden and Utrecht, and took his doctor's degree at the former in 1654. Next year he visited :England and France, and meant to have proceeded to Italy; but hearing at Geneva that the plague raged there, he went a second time to England and France, and re

1 European Magazine for 1785.-Manning and Bray's Hist. of Surrey.-Nichols's Bowyer.-Boswell's Life of Johnson.-Gent, Mag. see Index.

turned to Holland in 1657. He afterwards resided, partly at Utrecht, and partly at Leyden and the Hague, until 1667, when he was appointed professor of law at Groningen. The conformity of his ideas with those of Puffendorf occasioned a great intimacy between them. Oisel accumulated a large library, a catalogue of which was published about the time of his death, which happened June 20, 1686. His other works were principally an edition of Aulus Gellius, Leyden, 1666, 8vo, and a treatise entitled "Thesaurus selectorum numismatum antiquorum ære expressorum," Amst. 1677, 4to, a curious and scarce performance; but originally suggested to him by some booksellers who had purchased the plates of a similar work in German by Joachim Oudaan, and requested Oisel to 'illustrate them in the Latin language. He had a nephew Philip Oisel, a divine, who published some works on the Hebrew accents and on the Decalogue.

1

OKELY (FRANCIS), a learned, but somewhat enthusi'astic divine, was born in 1718, and educated at the Charter-house, and at St. John's college, Cambridge, where he proceeded B. A. 1739. At this time he appears to have conceived those notions which interrupted his regular advancement, and was ordained deacon in the Moravian church. He afterwards offered himself as a candidate for 'priest's orders in the church of England; but, when the bishop intimated the invalidity of his first orders, Mr. Okely would not be ordained priest on such terms, and therefore adhered, through life, to the Moravian congregations, and was highly esteemed by the few who lived in communion with him, on account of his piety, 'benign 'temper, and liberal sentiments. He died at Bedford May 9, 1794, in his seventy-sixth year. The peculiar turn of his mind may be understood from the titles of his publi'cations: 1. A translation from the High Dutch, of "Twenty-one Discourses, or Dissertations, upon the Augsburgh Confession, which is also the Brethren's Confession of Faith, delivered by the ordinary of the Brethren's Churches before the seminary," &c. 1754, 8vo. 2. Psalmorum aliquot Davidis Metaphrasis Græca Joannis Serrani," &c. 1770, 12mo. 3. "The Nature and Necessity of the new creature in Christ, stated and described, according to the heart's experience and true practice, by Johanna Eleanora

1 Chaufepie.-Niceron, vol. XLII.-Moreri.

de Mellari: translated from the German," 1772, 8vo. 4. “The divine visions of John Englebrecht," 1781, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. "A faithful Narrative of God's gracious dealings with Hiel," 1781, 8vo. 6. "A Display of God's Wonders, done upon the person, &c. of John Englebrecht," &c. 1781. 7. "The indispensable necessity of Faith, in order to the pleasing God: being the substance of a discourse preached at Eydon in Northamptonshire," 1781, 8vo. 1

OKOLSKI (SIMON), a Dominican, was a native of Russia, and became provincial of his order in Po'and, in 1649. He published, in 1641, at Cracow, a work entitled "Orbis Polonus," in three volumes folio, being a history of the Polish nation, to which the author is somewhat partial, with learned researches concerning the origin of the Sarmatians. The work is rare, but of no high value. He was author also of a work entitled "Preco divini verbi Albertus episcopus Ratisponenis," printed at Cracow in 1649.*

OLAHUS (NICHOLAS), a learned prelate, was born at Hermanstadt, in 1493. After various preferments, he was nominated by Ferdinand, king of Hungary, bishop of Zagrat, and chancellor of the kingdom. He was afterwards elevated to the see of Agria, and being present at the famous siege of that town by the Turks in 1552, he contributed greatly to the spirited and successful defence made by the inhabitants. In 1553 he was appointed archbishop of Strigonia, and held two national councils at Tyrnau, the acts of which were printed at Vienna in 1560, and was instrumental in founding the first Jesuits' college in Hungary at Tyrnau. In 1562 he was created palatine of the kingdom, in which quality he crowned Maximilian as king of Hungary. He died at Tyrnau in 1568; leaving behind him, as monuments of his industry and learning, "A Chronicle of his own Times:" "A History of Attila," Presb. 1538, and "A Description of Hungary." His life is given in father Muszka's history of the Palatines of Hungary, printed in 1752, folio."

OLAUS MAGNUS. See MAGNUS.

OLDCASTLE (Sir JOHN), called the good lord Cobham, the first author, as well as the first martyr, among our nobility, was born in the fourteenth century, in the reign of Edward III. He obtained his peerage by marrying the heiress of that lord Cobham, who, with so much 1 Nichols's Bowyer.-Gent. Mag. vol. LXIV.

2 Moreri.

3 Dict. Hist.

virtue and patriotism opposed the tyranny of Richard II. and, with the estate and title of his father-in-law, seems also to have taken possession of his virtue and independent spirit. The famous statute against provisors was by his means revived, and guarded by severer penalties. He was one of the leaders in the reforming party, who drew up a number of articles against the corruptions which then prevailed among churchmen, and presented them, in the form of a remonstrance, to the Commons. He was at great expence in collecting and transcribing the works of Wickliff, which he dispersed among the people; and he maintained a great number of his disciples as itinerant preachers in many parts of the country. These things naturally awakened the resentment of the clergy against him. In the reign of Henry IV. he had the command of an English army in France, which was at that time a scene of great confusion, through the competition of the Orlean and Burgundian factions; and obliged the duke of Orleans to raise the siege of Paris. In the reign of Henry V. he was accused of heresy, and the growth of it was particularly attributed to his influence. The king, with whom lord Cobham was a domestic in his court, delayed the prosecution against him; and undertook to reason with him himself, and to reduce him from his errors. Lord Cobham's answer is upon record.. "I ever was," said he, "a dutiful subject to your majesty, and ever will be. Next to God, I profess obedience to my king; but as to the spiritual dominion of the pope, I never could see on what foundation it is claimed, nor can I pay him any obedience. It is sure as God's word is true, he is the great antichrist foretold in holy writ." This answer so exceedingly shocked the king, that, turning away in visible displeasure, he withdrew his favour from him, and left him to the censures of the church. He was summoned to appear before the archbishop; and, not appearing, was pronounced contumacious, and excommunicated. In hopes to avoid the impending storm, he waited upon the king with a confession of his faith in writing, in his hand; and, while he was in his presence, a person entered the chamber, cited him to appear before the archbishop, and he was immediately. hurried to the Tower. He was soon after brought before the archbishop, and read his opinion of these articles, on which he supposed he was called in question, viz. the Lord's supper, penance, images, and pilgrimages. He was told, VOL. XXIII.

Y