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OGDEN (SAMUEL), an English divine, was born at Manchester, in 1716, and was educated at the free-school there. In 1733 he was admitted a poor scholar of King's college, Cambridge, whence he removed for a Manchester exhibition to St. John's in 1736. In the following year he took the degree of, B. A. and in 1739 was elected fellow. He was ordained deacon at Chester in 1740; and in the following year he took his degree of M. A. and was ordained priest by the bishop of Lincoln. In 1744 he was elected master of the free-school at Halifax in Yorkshire. In 1753 he resigned his school, and went to reside at Cambridge; and at the ensuing commencement he took the degree of D. D. The late duke of Newcastle, who was chancellor of the university, having been present at the exercise he performed for the degree, was so much satisfied with it, that he soon after presented him with the vicarage of Damerham in Wiltshire, which was tenable with his fellowship. In 1764, Dr. Ogden was appointed Woodwardian professor. In June 1766 he was presented to the rectory of Lawford in Essex, and in the following month to that of Stansfield in Suffolk. He died March 23, 1778, in the sixty-second year of his age, and was buried in St. Sepulchre's church, Cambridge, of which he had the cure, and where he preached most of his published sermons. common life there was a real or apparent rusticity attending Dr. Ogden's address, which disgusted those who were strangers to his character; but this prejudice soon wore off, as the intimacy with him increased; and, notwithstanding the sternness, and even ferocity, he would sometimes throw into his countenance, he was in truth one of the most humane and tender-hearted men ever known. To his relations who wanted his assistance, he was remarkably kind in his life, and in the legacies he left them at his death. His father and mother, who both lived to an exceeding old age, owed almost their whole support to his piety. During the latter part of Dr. Ogden's life he laboured under much ill health. About a year before he died he was seized with a paralytic fit as he was stepping into his chariot, and was judged to be in immediate and extreme danger, but he sustained this shock with cheerfulness, and calmly gave the necessary orders on the event of his dissolution. Such is the character given of Dr.. Ogden by his learned friend Dr. (afterwards bishop) Halifax, originally prefixed to an edition of his "Sermons, with a

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Vindication of his Writings against some late Objections," 1780, 2 vols. 8vo. It seems to be fully confirmed by the testimony of two Cambridge gentlemen of very opposite sentiments, Mr. Cole, to whom we are so often indebted for memoranda of the eminent men of that university, and Mr. Gilbert Wakefield. The latter, who heard Dr. Ogden preach most of the discourses since published, says that "his person, manner, and character of composition, were exactly suited to each other. He exhibited a large black, scowling, grisly figure, a ponderous body with a lowering visage, embrowned by the horrors of a sable perriwig. His voice was growling and morose; and his sentences desultory, tart, and snappish." Mr. Wakefield adds that his "uncivilized appearance, and bluntness of demeanour, were the grand obstacles to his elevation in the church." The duke of Newcastle would have brought him to court to prefer him; but found, as he expressed it, that the doctor was not a producible man. In all these particulars Mr. Cole agrees, as in some other singularities. Mr. Cole informs us that Dr. Ogden's father had been in the army, and when he retired lived at Mansfield, where he married. Some time before his death he went to Mansfield, and put up a monument to his father, in gratitude for having given him a good education, as he expressed it, and left the bulk of his fortune to the family into which his father married. His Arabic books he left to Mr. Craven, of St. John's, the Arabic professor, who very disinterestedly refused the residuary legateeship, which Dr. Ogden had long designed for him. Dr. Ogden's reputation as a divine rests on two small volumes of sermons, collected by Dr. Halifax, whose "Vindication" of them, above mentioned, respects the remarks of Mr. Mainwaring, in a "Dissertation" on the composition of sermons, prefixed to his own sermons, 1780, 8vo. Dr. Halifax's vindication is warm, zealous, and friendly, like his character of Dr. Ogden, but not altogether satisfactory as to the principal objections to the style of his author; and even if allowed to be elegant, Dr. Ogden's sermons are of very slight texture, and rather hortatory than instructive or doctrinal.'

OGILBY (JOHN), a very industrious adventurer in literary speculations, was born in or near Edinburgh in

Preface by Dr. Halifax.-Wakefield's Memoirs.-Cole's MS Athenæ in Brit. Mus.

November 1600.

He was of an ancient family in that country; but his father, having spent the estate, became a prisoner in the King's Bench, and could give his son but little education. The youth, however, being very industrious, acquired some little knowledge of Latin grammar; and afterwards got so much money, as not only to release his father from the gaol, but also to bind himself apprentice to one Draper, a dancing-master in London. He had not been long under this master before he made himself perfect in the art, and by his obliging behaviour to the scholars, acquired money enough from them to buy out the remainder of his time. He now began teaching on his own account, and being soon accounted one of the best masters in the profession, he was selected to dance in the duke of Buckingham's great masque; in which, by an unlucky step in high capering, the mode of that time, he hurt the inside of his leg, which occasioned some degree of lameness, but did not prevent his teaching. Among others, he taught the sisters of sir Ralph, afterwards lord Hopton, at Wytham in Somersetshire; and at leisure hours he learned of that accomplished knight how to handle the pike and musket. In 1633, when Wentworth earl of Stafford became lord deputy of Ireland, he took him into his family to teach his children; and Ogilby, writing an excellent hand, was frequently employed by the earl to transcribe papers for him.

While in this family he first gave a proof of his inclination rather than genius for poetry, by translating some of "Esop's Fables" into English verse: and, being then one of the troop of guard belonging to his lord, he composed a humourous piece, entitled "The character of a Trooper." As a poet, however, he ranks among the very lowest. About that time he was appointed deputy-master of the revels in Ireland; built a little theatre in Dublin, and was much encouraged; but, upon the breaking out of the rebellion in 1641, this scheme was interrupted, and he lost all his property. To add to his misfortune he was shiprecked in his passage from Ireland, and arrived in London in a most destitute condition. He had an enterprizing spirit, however, and was not easily discouraged. After a short stay in London he went on foot to Cambridge; where his great industry, and greater love of learning, being discovered, he was encouraged by several scholars in that university. By their assistance he became so complete a master of

Latin, that he translated the " Works of Virgil," and pub.. lished them with his portrait in a large octavo volume, London, 1649-50*; with a dedication to William marquis of Hertford, whom he calls his most noble patron. Wood observes that thereby he obtained a considerable sum of money in his pocket. Thus encouraged, he proceeded to print "Esop's Fables" in verse, in 1651 t. This was published in 4to; and, as Wood archly observes, procured! him a degree among the minor poets, being recommended! in some verses for the purpose, both by sir William Da venant and James Shirley.

About 1654 he learned the Greek tongue of one of his countrymen, David Whitford, or Whitfield, at that time usher to James Shirley, who then taught school in White Friers. This was a remarkable instance of indefatigable industry at his age; and he made the best use of his new acquisition, by translating into English verse "Homer's Iliad and Odyssey" ; in which, however, he was assisted by his friend Shirley. This was printed in a most pompous manner, with a dedication to Charles II. in 1660; and the same year he edited at Cambridge, with the assistance of Dr. John Worthington, and other learned men, a finer edition of the "English Bible" than had been extant before. This he adorned with chorographical and other sculptures, and presented a sumptuous copy of it to his majesty, on his first coming to the royal chapel at Whitehall. He presented another copy to the House of Commons, for which he received a gratuity of 50%. from that house; as he did also, not improbably, from the convocation, to whom he presented a petition, with the king's recommendatory letters concerning the expence of print

It was reprinted in 1654, in a royal folio; and Wood says, was the fairest edition that the English press ever produced. It has his picture before it, as most of his books have. He also published a beautiful edition of it in Latin, in 1658, folio; and again, with sculptures and annotations, in a large Svo.

It was in 4to, with this title, "Fables of Æsop paraphrased, in verse, &c." and in 1665, a second volume, with several of his own, in folio. Both came out in two volumes 8vo, in 1673-4.

The "Iliad" was published in 1660, and the " Odyssey" in 1665, both on imperial paper, adorned with engravings by Hollar and other eminent engravers; which recommended the "had" to Pope, then a boy at school, who, as Spence informs us, by reading it, was inspired first with a relish for poetry, though he afterwards said it was beneath criticism; and ridiculed Ogilby in the Dunciad. Pope, as a child, might have been pleased with the pictures, but it is hardly conceiv able that he could, as Granger says, discern the majesty of the Grecian poet through Ogilby's miserable lines.

OGILBY.

311

ing the book. He also petitioned the House of Commons that his Bible "might be recommended to be made use of in all churches." It was printed by Field.

In the same year (1661) he received orders from the commissioners for the solemnity of his majesty's coronation, to conduct, the poetical part, viz. the speeches, em-, blems, mottoes, and inscriptions; upon which he drew up "The relation of his Majesty's Entertainment, passing through the city of London to his Coronation; with a description of the triumphal Arches and Solemnity;" in ten sheets folio. This he also published, by his majesty's command, in a large folio volume, on royal paper, with fine engravings, and speeches at large, in 1662; and it has been made use of in succeeding coronations. His interest was now so powerful with the king, that he obtained this year the patent for master of the revels in Ireland, against sir William Davenant, who was his competitor. This post carried him once more into that kingdom; and, his former theatre in Dublin being destroyed in the troubles, he built a new one, at the expence of 1000, On his return, to London he continued the employment of translating and composing books in poetry *, till the fire of London in 1666, in which his house in White Friers was consumed, and his whole fortune, except to the value of 5l, destroyed. He soon, however, procured his house to be re-built, set up a printing-house, was appointed his majesty's cosmographer and geographic printer, and printed several great works, translated or collected by himself and his assistance +; all which were printed on imperial paper, adorned with maps and curious engravings, by Hollar and others, and were carried on by way of proposals and standing lotteries. The scheme of one of his lotteries, a very curious article, was lately published in the Gent. Mag. vol. LXXXIV. Part I. page 646. He died September 4, 1676, and was

*These were, the "Ephesian Ma-
tron," and the "Roman Slave," two
2. An epic poem, en-
heroic poems.
titled, "Carolies," in twelve books, ia
honour of Charles I. but this was en-
tirely lost in the fire which consumed
bis, house.

These were, his "Atlas," com-
prised in several folio volumes; "The
Traveller's Guide, or a most exact De-
scription of the Roads, &c. 1674,"
folio; afterwards improved by John

Bowen, under the title of "Britannia Depicta, &c." in 1731, 8vo. There goes also in his name' a new map of the city of London, as it was new built, in one sheet folio; and, jointly with William Morgan, his grandson and successor as cosmographer, he made a new and accurate map of the city of Southwark; and a Survey of Essex, London, distinct from Westminster and with the roads, having the arms of the gentry on the borders,

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