lution, which, however, is impossible, as Netscher died four years before that event. These must have been the production of his son, Theodore. Gaspard died in 1684.

THEODORE, his son, was his father's pupil from his earliest years, and at the age of nine was accounted a very extraordinary performer. In his eighteenth year, he was solicited by count D'Arvaux to go to Paris, where he was greatly admired and encouraged. His principal occupation there, where he continued for twenty years, was painting the portraits of the principal persons about the court, for which he was very highly applauded and handsomely rewarded; but the taste they were executed with is by no means of the highest class, nor do the minds of his subjects seem much to have engaged his thoughts. He died in 1732, at the age of 71.

CONSTANTINE, another son of Gaspard, who was born at the Hague in 1670, also practised the art of painting under the tuition of his father, whose works he carefully studied; and though he never was able to equal them, yet he arrived at no mean degree of skill in his profession. His principal practice was in portraiture, in which he was much encouraged; but being of an infirm habit of constitution, he was much interrupted in his labours, and died in 1722, at the age of fifty-two.'

NETTER. See WALDENSIS (THOMAS).

NETTLETON (THOMAS), a physician and miscellaneous writer, the son of John Nettleton, was born in 1683, at Dewsbury, and settled at Halifax, in Yorkshire, where he practised physic for several years with great success, having taken the degree of M. D. at Utrecht. He and Mr. West, of Underbank, near Penniston, in Yorkshire, were the first who instructed professor Sanderson in the principles of mathematics; and Dr. Nettleton used to say, that the scholar soon became more knowing than his masWe find several communications from Dr. Nettleton in the Philosophical Transactions, as "An account of the height of the Barometer at different elevations above the surface of the earth;" and two papers on the small-pox. It appears that he had inoculated sixty-one persons, when the whole amount of persons inoculated by other practitioners was only one hundred and twenty-one. In 1729,

ter.

I D'Argenville, vol. III.-Descamps, vols. III. and IV.-Walpole's Anec dotes. Res's Cyclopædia..

he published a pamphlet, entitled "Some thoughts concerning virtue and happiness, in a letter to a clergyman," 8vo, which he afterwards much enlarged. It was reprinted at London in 1736 and 1751, both in small octavo, but the former of these is the most valuable, because it had the author's finishing hand. The design is to shew that happiness is the end of all our actions; but that it must be founded on virtue, which is not only the support and ornament of society, but yields the greatest pleasure, both in its immediate exercise, and in its consequence and effects. Dr. Nettleton * married, in March 1708, Eliza beth Cotton, of Haigh-hall, by whom he had several children. He died Jan. 9, 1742, at Halifax, and was bu ried at Dewsbury, with a Latin epitaph on the south wall of the church. To the account of his publications, not noticed in our authority, we may add his thesis on taking his degree, "Disput. de Inflammatione," Utrecht, 1706; and his "Account of the success of inoculating the Smallpox." Lond. 1722, 4to; neither of which his biographer appears to have seen.1

NEUMANN (CASPAR), an eminent chemist, the son of an apothecary, was born at Zullichau, in the duchy of Crossen, July 11, 1682. Caspar was educated under his father, and commenced practice at Unruhstadt, in Poland; but after a short residence there, he went to Berlin in 1705, and was employed several years as traveller for the pharmaceutic establishment of the king of Prussia.

quence of the ability which he manifested in the performance of this duty, the king sent him to prosecute his studies at the university of Halle, and subsequently defrayed the expences of a journey, for the purpose of acquiring chemical information. He commenced: this chemical tour in 1711 by visiting the mines of Germany; and thence went to Holland, where he profited by the instruc tions of the celebrated Boerhaave. He then visited England, and while here had the misfortune to lose his royal patron,

Frederick I., by death. His talents and character, however, soon afforded him relief from this temporary embarrassment; for, on his return to the continent he was detained at Franeker by Cyprianus, who employed him in the execution of many chemical experiments; and he was at the same time invited to Berlin. At that time, however, he preferred accompanying George I., king of England, to Hanover, whither he went in 1716. He subsequently visited Berlin, for the purpose of settling some private affairs, where he obtained the friendship of Stahl, through whose influence at court he was again sent on a tour of chemical investigation, through England, France, and Italy, where he was introduced to all the celebrated chemists of the day. On his return to Berlin, he was appointed apothecary to the court; and in 1723, when the king instituted the Royal College of Medicine and Surgery, he was nominated professor of practical chemistry, and was elected a member of that body in the following year. In 1725, he was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society of London; and in 1727, was honoured with the degree of M. D. by the university of Halle. In the course of the same year, he travelled through Silesia and Moravia to Vienna; and on his return through Bohemia he visited the baths of Töplitz, and examined the mines, in passing by the way of Dresden and Freyberg, with all the attention of a chemical philosopher.

Neumann likewise obtained other honours, which were due to his scientific character; having been elected a member of the academy Nature Curiosorum in 1728, and of the Institute of Bologna in 1734. The king also conferred on him the dignity of aulic counsellor. He died at Berlin October 20, 1737, and left several memoirs, which were published in the collections of the societies of which he was a member, and some separate treatises, relating to chemical subjects; especially dissertations on the qualities of the fixed alkalis of camphor, castor, amber, opium, alcohol, &c. His "Chemical Works, abridged and methodized," were published in English by Dr. Lewis in 1759, 4to, with large additions.'

NEVE (TIMOTHY), an English divine, was born at Wotton, in the parish of Stanton Lacy, near Ludlow in Shropshire, in 1694, and was educated at St. John's college, Cambridge, where he took his degree of B. A. in

1 Eloy, Dict. Hist. de Medicine.-Rees's Cyclopædia.-Lewis's Preface.

1714. He appears then to have left college, and became schoolmaster of Spalding, and minor-canon of Peterbo rough, where he was a joint-founder of "The Gentleman's Society," and became its secretary. He was afterwards prebendary of Lincoln, archdeacon of Huntingdon in 1747, and rector of Alwalton in Huntingdonshire, where he died Feb. 3, 1757, aged sixty-three. There is an inscription to his memory against the West wall of the North transept, in which he is styled D. D. In 1727, he communicated to the Spalding Society "An Essay on the invention of Printing and our first Printers," and bishop Kennet's donation of books to Peterborough cathedral. In the first leaf of the catalogue (3 vols. in folio, written neatly in the bishop's own hand) is this motto: "Upon the dunghill was found a pearl. Index librorum aliquot vetustiss. quos in commune bonum congessit W. K. dec. Petriburg. 1712." These books are kept with dean Lockyer's, in the library of Lady-chapel, behind the high altar, in deal presses, open to the vergers and sextons. In a late repair of this church, which is one of the noblest monuments of our early architecture, this benefactor's tomb-stone was thrust and half-covered behind the altar, and nothing marks the place of his interment. Mr. Neve was chaplain to, and patronised by Dr. Thomas, bishop of Lincoln, and published one sermon, being his first visitation-sermon, entitled "Teaching with Authority;" the text Matth. vii. 28, 29. Dr. Neve bore an excellent character for learning and personal worth. He married, for his second wife, Christina, a daughter of the rev. Mr. Greene, of Drinkstone, near Bury, Suffolk, and sister to lady Davers of Rushbrook. His son TIMOTHY was born at Spalding, Oct. 12, 1724, and was elected scholar of Corpus Christi college, Oxford, where he proceeded M. A. 1744; and in 1747 was elected fellow. In 1753, he took his degree of B. D. and that of D. D. in 1758, and on being presented by the college to the rectory of Geddington in Oxfordshire, resigned his fellowship in 1762. He was also presented by Dr. Green, bishop of Lincoln, to the rectory of Middleton Stoney, in the same county. On the death of Dr. Randolph (father to the late bishop of London), in 1783, he was elected Margaret professor of divinity, at Oxford, and was installed prebendary of Worcester in April of that year. He was early a member of the Literary

Society of Spalding. He died at Oxford Jan. 1, 1798, aged seventy-four, leaving a wife and two daughters.

Dr. Neve was an able divine and scholar, and had long filled his station with credit to himself and the university, of which he remained a member more than sixty years. In private life, the probity, integrity, and unaffected simplicity of his manners, endeared him to his family and friends, and rendered him sincerely regretted by all who knew him. He had accumulated a very considerable collection of books, particularly curious pamphlets, which were dispersed after his death. Most of them contain MS notes by him, which we have often found of great value. His publications were not numerous, but highly creditable to his talents. Among them was a sermon, on Act-Sunday, July 8, 1759, entitled "The Comparative Blessings of Christianity," the text Ephes. iv. 8. "Animadversions on Philips's Life of Cardinal Pole, Oxford, 1766," 8vo. "Eight Sermons preached at the Lecture founded by the late Rev. John Bampton, M. A. Canon of Salisbury," 1781, 8vo; and after his death appeared "Seventeen Sermons on various subjects," 1798, 8vo, published by subscription for his family.

NEVILE, or NEVYLE (ALEXANDER), an English poetical writer, was a native of Kent, descended from the ancient and honourable family of Nevil, was the son of Richard Nevil of the county of Nottingham, esq. by Anne Mantel, daughter of sir Walter Mantel, of Heyford in Northamptonshire, knight. He was born in 1544. If not educated at Cambridge, his name occurs as having received the degree of M. A. there, along with Robert earl of Essex, July 6, 1581. He was one of the learned men whom archbishop Parker retained in his family, and was his secretary at his grace's death in 1575. It is no small testimony of his merit and virtues that he was retained in the same office by the succeeding archbishop, Grindal, to whom, as well as to archbishop Parker, he dedicated his Latin narrative of the Norfolk insurrection under Kett. To this he added a Latin account of Norwich, accompanied by an engraved map of the Saxon and British kings. These were both written in archbishop Parker's time, who assisted Nevile in the latter. The title is, "Kettus, sive de furoribus Norfolciensium Ketto duce," Lond. 1575, 4to. re

1 Nichols's Bowyer.