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or classes of service (or a different type or types of aircraft) over the remainder of the routing, provisions as to the classes of service (or types of aircraft) provided over the respective segments of the routing may be included in the applicable routing published in accordance with subparagraph (1) of this paragraph. When routings containing such provisions are published in a separate routing section of the tariff or in a governing routing tariff, the headings of the pages containing fares subject to such routings shall indicate that provisions as to class of service or type of aircraft are set forth in the routing.

(c) Diagrammatic routings. For property rates between United States points, on the one hand, and points in foreign countries or United States Territories or Possessions, on the other hand, the routing information required by paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this section may be shown in the form of routing diagrams. A routing diagram consists of a series of connected columns or rectangular figures, each naming or designating a group of points, with carrier routing designated between each pair of consecutive, connected groups, and an explanation of how to use the diagram in determining applicable routings. An illustration of an acceptable form of routing diagram is set forth in Illustration No. 1 at the end of this paragraph. Publication of routing diagrams shall conform to the following requirements:

(1) Each routing diagram shall bear a routing number. Only connected groups shall be included in one diagram.

(2) Routing diagrams shall be published in numerical order, by routing number, in the routing portion of the tariff following the rate portion or in a governing routing tariff.

(3) The pages containing the rates shall refer, by routing number, to the applicable routing diagrams. Where all rates in a tariff, table or section are subject to one routing diagram, such reference may be shown in the heading of each rate page thereof. Otherwise, reference to the applicable routing diagrams shall be shown directly in connection with the respective rates from each origin to each destination.

(4) An explanation of the application and use of each routing diagram shall be published in connection there

with in sufficient detail to enable the applicable routings to be definitely determined.

(5) Groups of points of origin, destination and interchange shall be designated in the diagram by definite geographic terms.

(6) The carriers performing the transportation between each pair of consecutive, connected groups of points in the diagram shall be specifically designated in the routing diagram except that where space limitations make this impractical, such carrier routing may be published in the following manner:

(i) Except as otherwise authorized in subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph the routing between two consecutive, connected groups in the diagram may be shown by referring to a routing chart conforming to the following requirements. Routing charts shall be in tabular form showing the specific points in one group as headline points and the specific points in the other group as sideline points. Headline points shall be arranged alphabetically and the sideline points shall be arranged alphabetically under the respective headline points. Carrier routing between each headline point and each sideline point shall be shown in the intersecting space in the tabular chart. An illustration of such routing chart (using abbreviations to designate carriers) is set forth in Illustration No. 2 at the end of this paragraph.

(ii) Carrier routing between two consecutive, connected groups consisting exclusively of foreign points may be shown either by a routing chart authorized under subdivision (i) of this subparagraph or in the following manner. The routing diagram may provide that carrier routing between such groups of foreign points shall be via any singlecarrier service and shall refer to the tariff's alphabetical index or list of points of origin and destination to determine the carriers serving the respective points in each group. The latter method of publication may be used only where the tariff contains an alphabetical index or list of points of origin and destination showing the carriers serving the respective points, and only where each carrier indicated by such index or list as serving a pair of points (one in each such group) does in fact maintain service between such pair of points.

Illustration No. 1:

SECTION 3-ROUTINGS

ROUTING NO. 1: Rates referring to Routing No. 1 apply via the following routing:

(a) Routing between a point in Group 1 and a point in Group 3 will be via a point in Group 2 and via carrier routings connecting such successive groups, as shown in the routing diagram below.

(b) Routing between a point in Group 1 and a point in Group 4 will be via a point in Group 2, a point in Group 3 and carrier routings connecting such successive groups, as shown in the routing diagram below. (c) Routing between a point in Group 2 and a point in Group 3 will be via the carrier routings connecting such groups, as shown in the routing diagram below.

(d) Routing between a point in Group 2 and a point in Group 4 will be via a point in Group 3 and via carrier routings connecting such successive groups, as shown in the routing diagram below.

(e) Routing between a point in Group 1 and a point in Group 3-A will be via a point in Group 2-A and via carrier routings connecting such successive groups, as shown in the routing diagram below. (f) Routing between a point in Group 2-A and a point in Group 3-A will be via the carrier routings connecting such groups, as shown in the diagram below.

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carrier in Routing Chart 1, Section 4.

Hungary
Ireland
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Scotland
Spain
Sweden

(shown as side-
line points in
Routing
Chart 2)

[2]=Via carrier routings in Routing Chart 2, Section 4 (see section 221.41(c) (6) (ii) for alternate method

of showing carrier routing between foreign points). [X]-Via XYZ Airways, Inc.

Illustration No. 2:

SECTION 4-ROUTING CHARTS

[Routing charts are applicable only to extent that reference is made thereto by routings in Section 3]

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(d) Open routing. In lieu of showing the routing information required by paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) in the manner prescribed by paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, a property rate tariff may contain a rule reading as follows:

ROUTING

Unless otherwise provided in routing exceptions shown in connection with the transportation rates or charges, the transportation rates or charges in this tariff will apply only via the following routing:

Local routing. Each transportation rate or charge will apply locally (via a single carrier) from the point of origin to the point of destination via any single carrier which is shown in this tariff as serving both such points. (See Note.)

Joint routing. Each transportation rate or charge will apply jointly (via two or more successive carriers) from the point of origin to the point of destination via any carriers and via any points of interchange between such carriers provided that the initial carrier is shown in this tariff as serving both the point of origin and the point of interchange with the next connecting carrier and that each successive connecting carrier is shown in this tariff as serving both the point of interchange at which it receives the shipment and the point of interchange or destination to which it transports the shipment. (See Note.)

Note: To determine the carriers serving each point of origin, destination and interchange, see the Index of Points of Origin and Destination in this tariff.

The above rule is referred to hereinafter as "the open routing rule" and its publication is subject to the following requirements and conditions:

(1) The open routing rule may be published only in a rate tariff containing an index of points, captioned "Index of Points of Origin and Destination", complying with § 221.37 (a) or (d). The following provision, making reference to the open routing rule, shall be shown in the heading of such index on each page thereof:

Points listed below are also points of interchange for the purpose of determining routing under Rule

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(2) The following provision, making reference to the open routing rule, shall be shown in the heading of the statement of rates on each page thereof:

Rates and charges below apply only via routing authorized by Rule unless

otherwise provided in the Routing Exceptions to which the rates or charges below are subject.

(3) All exceptions to the open routing rule shall be set forth as "Routing Exceptions" either directly in connection with the respective rates to which they apply or in a separate routing exception portion of the same tariff (following the rate portion). When such routing exceptions are set forth in a routing exception portion of the tariff, the rate from each origin to each destination, to which a routing exception is applicable, shall bear a routing exception number and the corresponding routing exception numbers (with their respective statements of the applicable routing exceptions) shall be arranged in numerical order in the routing exception portion of the tariff.

(4) Each exception to the open routing rule shall be clear, explicit and definite in its terms and shall be clear as to the extent to which it removes the application of the open routing rule.

(5) If the tariff names only local rates, the paragraph captioned "Joint Routing" shall be omitted from the open routing rule in such tariff. If the tariff names only joint rates, the paragraph captioned "Local Routing" shall be omitted from the open routing rule in such tariff.

(6) Publication of the open routing rule and routing exceptions under § 221.41(d) is an alternative to publishing the routing information required by § 221.41(a) (1) and (2) in the manner prescribed by § 221.41 (b) or (c), and § 221.41(d) does not authorize departure from any other provisions of Part 221.

(7) The open routing rule shall not be published in a tariff containing rates which are subject to provisions for stopping in transit at intermediate points or to any other provisions which require determining the intermediate points between the origin point and the destination point of a rate.

(8) Section 221.41(d) expires with September 20, 1966 unless sooner canceled, changed or extended. All tariffs containing the open routing rule shall contain the above expiration date.

(e) Emergency routing rule. If desired, the following routing rule may be published in property rate tariffs conforming with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section:

Routing instructions. The rates named in this tariff will apply only over the routes and via interchange points authorized herein except that when, in the case of pronounced traffic congestion (not an embargo) or other similar emergency, or

through carrier's error, carriers forward shipments by other transfer points of the same carriers or over other carriers parties to the tariff, the rates specified in this tariff (but not higher than the rate applicable over the actual route of movement) will be applied.

(f) Forwarders. The preceding paragraphs of this section do not apply to tariffs of Air Freight Forwarders or International Air Freight Forwarders. Where the rates and charges of two or more forwarders are published in one tariff issued by an agent, the tariff shall clearly indicate in connection with each rate or charge the respective individual forwarder for whom it is published. [ER-413, 29 F.R. 12019, Aug. 22, 1964]

Subpart E-Requirements Applicable to All Statements of Fares or Rates Clear and explicit statement; systematic arrangement.

§ 221.50

All fares, rates, and charges shall be clearly and explicitly stated and shall be arranged in a simple and systematic manner. Complicated plans and ambiguous or indefinite terms shall not be used. So far as practicable, the fares, rates, and charges shall be subdivided into items or similar units, and an identifying number shall be assigned to each item or unit to facilitate reference thereto.

§ 221.51 Currency.

(a) Statement in United States currency required. All fares, rates, and charges shall be stated in cents or dollars of the United States except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section.

(b) Statements in both United States and foreign currencies permitted. Rates, fares, and charges applying between points in the United States, on the one hand, and points in foreign countries, on the other hand, or applying between points in foreign countries, may also be stated in the currencies of foreign countries (in addition to being stated in United States currency as required by paragraph (a) of this section: Provided, That:

(1) The fares, rates, and charges stated in currencies of countries other than the United States are substantially equivalent in value to the respective fares, rates, and charges stated in cents or dollars of the United States.

(2) Each page containing fares, rates, and charges shall clearly indicate the respective currencies in which the fares,

rates and charges thereon are stated, and

(3) The fares, rates, and charges stated in cents or dollars of the United States are published separately from those stated in currencies of other countries. Such separate publication shall be done in a systematic manner and the fares, rates, and charges in the respective currencies shall be published either in separate columns on the same page, or on separate pages, or in separate numbered sections of the tariff.

§ 221.52 Territorial application.

(a) Specific points of origin and destination. Except as otherwise provided in this part, the specific points of origin and destination from and to which the fares or rates apply shall be specifically named directly in connection with the respective fares or rates. Whenever there are two or more points of the same name receiving scheduled air transport service, the State, territory, or possession, in which each such point is located shall be shown in connection with the point. If the tariff contains fares or rates applying to or from points in foreign countries, the respective country in which each point is situated shall also be shown in connection with each and every point named in the tariff except that:

(1) Only the name of the State, possession, territory or District of Columbia is required to be shown in connection with each point in the United States.

(2) Only the name of the province is required to be shown in connection with each point in Canada.

(3) Only the name of the possession or territory is required to be shown in connection with each foreign point which is situated within a possession or territory of a mother country, for example, Antigua, British West Indies; however, if such point is coextensive with the territory or possession in which it lies, such as Hong Kong, it shall be identified by nationality in the following manner: Hong Kong (British).

(b) Points taking same fares or rates. The fares or rates applying to (or from) a particular point named in the table of fares or rates may be made to apply to (or from) other points in the following manner: Show such other points in their proper alphabetical order in the rate or fare table and show in connection with each such point a statement that it takes the same fares or rates as apply to (or from) the particular point for which

fares or rates are specifically published in the table. If the tariff has an index or list of points, the latter statement may be published in connection with the respective points in the index or list instead of in the rate or fare table. All such statements shall be published uniformly either (1) in the index (or list) or (2) in the table, but not in both.

(c) Territorial application of time or distance rates or fares. Where fares, rates, and charges are published to apply per mile or per hour or other units of time or distance as provided in §§ 221.55 and 221.56, the exact territory or territories within which or between which such fares or rates apply shall be stated either directly in connection with the fares, or rates, or in a rule in the same tariff and reference to such rule shall be shown in connection with such rates, fares, or charges.

(d) Directional application. A tariff shall specifically indicate directly in connection with the rates or fares therein whether they apply "from" and "to" or "between" the points named. Where the rates or fares apply in one direction, the terms "From" and "To" shall be shown in connection with the point of origin and point of destination, respectively, and, where the rates and fares apply in both directions between the points, the terms "Between" and "And" shall be shown in connection with the respective points. [ER-197, 19 F.R. 3153, May 29, 1954, as amended by ER-413, 29 F.R. 12021, Aug. 22, 1964]

§ 221.53

Airport to airport application, accessorial services.

(a) Tariff publications containing rates or fares for air transportation shall specify whether or not they include additional services in one or more of the following ways:

(1) The tariff shall indicate that rates or fares include pick-up, delivery, or other services, explicitly defining the services to be furnished, and defining areas or points within or between which the services will be performed; or

(2) The tariffs shall indicate that the rates or fares apply only from airport to airport and that the carrier does not perform additional services; or

(3) The tariff shall indicate that the rates or fares apply only from airport to airport but that additional services are furnished subject to additional charges, setting forth the carrier's charges for all other services and other provisions ap

plicable thereto, as required by § 221.38, and the tariff shall clearly and explicitly specify the extent to which such services will be furnished and the areas or points within or between which terminal transportation will be provided.

(b) The above requirements shall not be construed as precluding the publication of rates or fares for air transportation which include pick-up or delivery service at certain specified points or areas within the pick-up and delivery zone of the airport city of origin or destination but subject to a further provision that pick-up or delivery service will be provided at other specified areas or points within the same pick-up and delivery zone at stated rates and charges for such services to be assessed in addition to the rates or charges for air transportation.

(c) The airport to airport application of rates or fares for air transportation and the statements as to the extent to which such rates or fares include pick-up, delivery or other accessorial services shall be published in the rate or fare tariff and not in a governing tariff. However, the definitions of such services, the definitions of areas or points within or between which such services will be performed, and the rates or charges for such services (when not included in the air transportation rates or fares) may be published either in a governing rules tariff conforming to § 221.102 or in a governing pick-up and delivery tariff conforming to § 221.103. [ER-413, 29 F.R. 12021, Aug. 22, 1964] § 221.54 Distance fares, rates, or charges.

(a) Tariffs containing fares or rates which are stated to apply per mile or other unit of distance shall provide one or more of the following methods for determining distance:

(1) Show the applicable distance from each point of origin to each point of destination from and to which such fares or rates apply,

(2) Make reference by C.A.B. number to a separate mileage or distance guide for such distances (see § 221.106),

or

(3) Make reference to:

(i) The mileage publication of the International Air Transport Association;

(ii) The mileage publication of the United States Department of Commerce Coast and Geodetic Survey, Special Publication No. 238, Air-Line Distances Between Cities in the United States;

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