CONTENTS Lederberg, Dr. Joshua, chairman, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif.... Bennett, Dr. Ivan L., Jr., Deputy Director, Office of Science and Tech- nology, Executive Office of the President__ McDermott, Dr. Walsh, chairman, Department of Public Health, Cornell University Medical College, New York, N.Y__ Cooper, Dr. Joseph D., professor of government, Howard University; adjunct professor of government and public administration, the Ameri- can University, Washington, D.C. Tishler, Dr. Max, president, Merck Sharp & Dohme research laboratories, Shannon, Dr. James A., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.. Gorman, Mike, executive director, National Committee Against Mental Engle, Dr. H. Martin, Chief Medical Director, Veterans' Administration, Washington, D.C., accompanied by Dr. Benjamin Wells, Assistant Chief Medical Director, Research and Education, and Mr. Joseph Mason, special assistant, research and education___ Wright, Christopher, director, Institute for the Study of Science in Human Walker, Dr. Eric, president, National Academy of Engineering, Washing- ton, D.C., and president, Pennsylvania State University, University Ebert, Dr. Robert H., Dean, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston Mass.- Ruina, Dr. Jack P., professor of electrical engineering, and vice president for special laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cam- Nabrit, Dr. Samuel M., Commissioner, Atomic Energy Commission, accompanied by Dr. Spofford G. English, Assistant General Manager for Research and Development, and Dr. Charies L. Dunham, Director, Division of Biology and Medicine, Atomic Energy Commission. Kline, Dr. Nathan S., director of research, Rockland State Hospital, Rockland, N.Y., and president, American Academy of Neuropsycho- MARCH 16, 1967 Kantrowitz, Dr. Adrian, director of surgical services, Maimonides Hospital and Coney Island Hospital, Brooklyn, N.Y. Kantrowitz, Dr. Arthur, director, Avco Everett Research Laboratory, vice president and director, Avco Corp., Everett, Mass... Sabin, Dr. Albert B., distinguished service professor of research pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, chief, Division of Virology and Cancer Research, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cin- EXHIBITS 1. Bibliography for statement, "Creative Pluralism: Medical Ombudsman,” 2. Summary of suggestions of Department of Labor seminar, "Putting Experimental Research and Demonstration Findings to Use". 3. List of reviews of NIH biomedical research and training programs. 4. Status of regional medical programs to combat heart disease, cancer, stroke, and related diseases, authorized by Public Law 89-239, as of 5. Planning grants for regional medical programs approved and funded as of March 1, 1967 (with supplement updation to April 7, 1967) ....... 6. Statement of questions and answers for the hearings on Biomedical development, submitted by the Atomic Energy Commission.. 7. Example of AEC state of the art review on biomedical research__ 8. Letters of reply to Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz concerning hearings of sub- committee on Government Research on Biomedical Development. ___ RESEARCH IN THE SERVICE OF MAN: BIOMEDICAL DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION OF EXISTING FED ERAL INSTITUTIONS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1967 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT RESEARCH, COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:10 a.m., in room 3302, New Senate Office Building, Senator Fred R. Harris (chairman) presiding. Present: Senators Harris and Hansen. Also present: Dr. Steven Ebbin, staff director. Senator HARRIS. The subcommittee will be in order. OPENING STATEMENT OF THE CHAIRMAN Our hearings today grow out of a conference which I sponsored in cooperation with the Oklahoma Frontiers of Science Foundation in Oklahoma City, October 24 to 27, 1966. The conference was entitled "Research in the Service of Man: Biomedical Knowledge: Development, and Use." At the close of that conference, I issued a statement which I will read into the record at this time: The Conference, "Research in the Service of Man" will, I think, have a far reaching effect on national science policy. We have helped to clear inter-disciplinary channels of communication among those involved in the broad field of biomedicine and to show the need for greater effort toward inter-disciplinary communication and cooperation and programming to encourage it. We have learned how important is a widening dialog between the political and scientific communities, because a proper national science policy requires the best and mutually understandable judgments of each. We have seen that basic research and the application, development and use of biomedical knowledge are interdependent. We have been able to catch a glimpse of the great opportunities in these areas to improve the life span and health of man. It is my judgment that this Conference will, especially when the unfortunate war in Vietnam is concluded, result in greater support for the whole field of biomedicine, to develop new knowledge and new personnel in both research and application. We have seen that the social and behavioral sciences are equally important, that we must seek better understanding of man, himself, and his relationship to his environment and to other men, and that this is necessarily inter-related with his health and life span. We have seen that greater efforts are needed to discover and provide proper means to encourage a stronger role for industry in biomedicine and bioengineering. We have seen that there must be better coordination and use of existing Federal programs and facilities and better dissemination of research results and new knowledge, if they are to be fully exploited and used. That conference grew out of three science policy seminars we held last spring. In the seminars we examined the broader issues of science policy including a resolution (S.J. Res. 96) on the interagency coordination of biomedical research introduced in the Senate by former Senator A. Willis Robertson of Virginia and assigned to this subcommittee. We will, without objection, place a copy of S.J. Res. 96 in the record at this point. [S.J. Res. 96, 89th Cong., 1st sess.] JOINT RESOLUTION To establish an Advisory Commission on Health Research Activities Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, DECLARATION OF PURPOSE SECTION 1. Recognizing the importance of research in conquering disease and prolonging life, Congress has progressively increased the level of Federal expenditures for health research activities. Such activities are now spread out among many and diverse agencies of the Government. It is the purpose of this joint resolution to establish a high-level Commission to examine the entire range of health research activities of the Government with a view to determining (1) whether there has occurred an unnecessary proliferation of such activities among too many different Federal agencies, and (2) ways and means of centralizing and coordinating such activities in order to eliminate waste and duplication, and to achieve maximum efficiency and productivity. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMISSION SEC. 2 (a) There is hereby established the Advisory Commission on Health Research Activities (referred to hereinafter as the "Commission") which shall be composed of nine members as follows: (1) Two Members of the Senate to be appointed by the President of the Senate; (2) Two Members of the House of Representatives to be appointed by the Speaker; and (3) Five members to be appointed by the President from private life. (b) Any vacancy in the Commission shall not affect its powers, but shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made. (c) The Commission shall elect a Chairman and Vice Chairman from among its members. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION SEC. 3. (a) The Commission shall make a comprehensive study and investigation of the health research activities of the Federal Government with a view to carrying out the purpose set forth in the first section of this Act. (b) The Commission shall submit to the President and the Congress a final report with respect to its findings and recommendations not later than January 1, 1966. POWERS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS SEC. 4. (a) The Commission or, on the authorization of the Commission, any subcommittee or members thereof, may, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this joint resolution, hold such hearings, take such testimony, and sit and act at such times and places as the Commission deems advisable. Any member authorized by the Commission may administer oaths or affirmations to witnesses appearing before the Commission or any subcommittee or members thereof. (b) Each department, agency, an instrumentality of the executive branch of the Government, including independent agencies, is authorized and directed to furnish to the Commission, upon request made by the Chairman or Vice Chairman, such information as the Commission deems necessary to carry out its funetions under this joint resolution. (e) The Commission shall have power to appoint and fix the compensation of a staff director without regard to the civil service laws and the Classification Act of 1949. Such appointment shall be made solely on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the position and without regard to political affiliation. (d) Subject to such rules and regulations as may be adopted by the Commission, the Chairman, without regard to the civil service laws and the Classification Act of 1949, and without reference to political affiliation, shall have the power (1) to appoint and fix the compensation of such other personnel as he deems necessary, and (2) to procure temporary and intermittent services to the same extent as is authorized by section 15 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 55a) but at rates not to exceed $50 a day for individuals. COMPENSATION OF MEMBERS SEC. 5. (a) Members of the Commission who are Members of Congress shall serve without compensation in addition to that received in their regular public employment, but shall be entitled to reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of duties vested in the Commission. (b) Members of the Commission, other than those to whom subsection (a) is applicable, shall receive compensation at the rate of $75 per day for each day they are engaged in the performance of their duties as members of the Commission and shall be entitled to reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties as members of the Commission. EXPENSES OF THE COMMISSION SEC. 6. There are authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary to carry out this joint resolution. EXPIRATION OF THE COMMISSION SEC. 7. The Commission shall cease to exist thirty days after the submission of its report. Senator HARRIS. I will also place in the record a memorandum which I sent to the members of our subcommittee on the subject of this series of hearings. Without objection that will be placed in the record. (The memorandum referred to follows:) U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS, MEMORANDUM To: Members, Senate Subcommittee on Government Research. Subject: Hearings, "Research in the Service of Man: Biomedical Development, In June 1966, at the launching of Medicare, President Johnson expressed concern that insufficient attention was being given to the application of results to the health problems of our Nation by government agencies supporting laboratory health sciences research. He called for more attention to the application of biomedical knowledge. The President's statements caused uneasiness in the basic science community; this concern was based in the belief that this statement proposed a shift in policy; to an emphasis on applied research at the expense of basic or fundamental research. The science community countered by emphasizing the following two points: 1. Basic research is essential to and underlies all practical applications. Interfering with the development of fundamental knowledge will damage our ability to continue contributing to the welfare of man. In other words, biomedical applications imply a sufficiently developed science base. |