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tection, primarily for the city of Minot, N. Dak., is under review by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors.

The Red River Valley, is a fertile, relatively flat area with severe flood problems due to the flatness and the fact that the river flows. north and spring melt frequently occurs in the headwaters while downstream areas are still frozen. We have completed several projects but there is still much to do. Several interim studies are underway. The fiscal year 1968 budget also contains funds for initiation of a comprehensive framework study of the Souris-Red region including the Lake of the Woods area. (Slide 4) Last year's major flood caused estimated damages of about $12 million. This slide shows the Red River in flood on April 5, 1966, near Hallock, Minn.

In the Upper Mississippi River Basin (slide 5) we have in addition to the Mississippi River proper, several large tributaries on which we have many flood control projects. Some are completed, others are in the planning stage or under construction and some are still in the study stage. Red Rock on the Des Moines River, about 80 percent complete, is a typical example of a reservoir project. This slide (slide 6) shows an aerial view of the dam and control structure looking upHere (slide 7) is a closeup of the gates in the control struc

ture. (Blank 8)

On the Mississippi River, frequently called the "Father of Waters,” there are 29 locks and dams between St. Louis and Minneapolis, 25 of these are in North Central Division. This system of locks and dams forms a 9-foot channel for barge traffic. This slide (slide 9) shows Lock and Dam No. 15 at Rock Island. The lock is 110' x 600'. The building on the right is the Rock Island District Office. In the background is the Rock Island Arsenal. The next slide (slide 10) is of Lock No. 19 at Keokuk, Iowa. This is one of the two 110 x 1,200 foot eks on the river. The other one is located near St. Louis, Mo. Studies to consider a 12-foot project as well as year round navigation re underway. (Blank 11)

This mighty river, so important to the economy of mid-America, an also go on a rampage and wreak great havoc such as in the record food of April-May 1965. Here (slide 12) is a view of Dubuque, Iowa, aring the flood. This (slide 13) shows inundation of Davenport, Iowa. In spite of extensive flood fighting throughout the basin 15 Tes were lost and damages amounted to an estimated $158 million. Completed projects prevented additional damages of $40 million. It estimated that the extensive flood fighting efforts prevented addifional damages of $280 million.

This slide (slide 14) shows a typical completed levee at Muscatine, Iowa. This one (slide 15) shows a completed floodwall at St. Paul, Minn.

1966 ICE JAM

(Slide 16). In February 1966 localized flooding occurred immediely downstream from Rock Island, Ill., due to an ice jam. Here is a Tew of the ice jam from Dam No. 15. Note the resultant flooding in Davenport on the right. This aerial view (slide 17) gives you some

idea of the extent of the ice jam. (Approximately 10 miles). Note the black streaks. Coal dust was spread by airplanes in an attempt to expedite melting. Although the streaks may not look too impressive, they represent 75 tons of coal dust. Note the island immediately to the left of the streaks. This is Horse Island which will be discussed later today I'm sure. A study is underway to identify causes and develop methods for relief of ice jams. (Blank 18).

The Mississippi River also offers an unusual opportunity for recreation. Starting near the source we have the Headwaters Reservoirs which originally served navigation by low flow augmentation but now constitute an important recreational area as indicated by the next slide (slide 19). At many sites along the river we are providing recreational areas as typified by this slide (slide 20) and small boat harbors (slide 21) like this one at Muscatine, Iowa.

ILLINOIS WATERWAY

We now come to the Illinois Waterway (slide 22) the connecting link between the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes. Eight locks and dams provide a nine-foot channel for year-round barge traffic. A study is underway to consider providing a 12-foot project depth. Preconstruction planning is also underway to provide new 110′ x 1200' locks to supplement the present 110' x 600' locks. We estimate that the capacity of the present system will be reached by 1972. The next slide (slide 23) is an aerial of the present Lockport Lock. The first new lock to be constructed under the project now in the planning stage, will be located between the railroad and the present lock. The railroad will be relocated to make room for the new lock. (Blank 24). We now come to the Great Lakes Basin (slide 25). Here the predominant emphasis to date has been on navigation. The increasing size of ships engaged in the movement of iron ore, coal, grain and limestone, and the completion of the St. Lawrence Seaway and its ensuing increase in overseas commerce has necessitated the improving and deepening of the harbors. Altogether, there are 58 completed deep draft (18'-27′) Federal Harbors on the Great Lakes. Typical of our Great Lakes Harbors is Chicago Harbor shown on this slide (slide 26).

(Slide 27) At Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., between Lakes Superior and Huron, a new lock 110 by 1200 feet is nearing completion to handle the largest ships anticipated on the Great Lakes. This slide is an aerial view of the lock area and the new lock construction. These are the busiest ship locks in the world. In 1966, 102 million tons passed through these locks. This slide (slide 28) is a closeup showing construction of the new lock walls.

NIAGARA FALLS

(Slide 29) We now move to Niagara Falls where our activities this past year have attracted much public interest. This slide is an aerial view of the area. The American Falls is in the center and the Horseshoe Falls is on the right. A study is underway to determine the

feasibility of removing the talus at the foot of the American Falls and reinforcing the face of the falls to reduce further erosion all in the interest of preserving this natural wonder. Flow over the falls was reduced in November so we could inspect the rock structure over which the water flows. This slide (slide 30) shows the American Falls in 1918. Note the amount of talus at that time. Here is a picture of the falls as they exist today (slide 31). Note the talues accumulation. Note the amount of water going over the falls. Next (slide 32) we see the falls with the flow reduced. (Blank 33.)

While the falls present a beautiful spectacle to honeymooners and tourists, they present a formidable obstacle to navigation. Canada therefore built the Welland Canal bypassing the falls in order that ships may pass between Lakes Erie and Ontario. This canal, however, is expected to reach its capacity by 1985. Therefore, a study is underway to investigate a new Lake Erie-Lake Ontario canal from a point near Buffalo, N.Y., to Wilson, N.Y., on Lake Ontario. This study is scheduled for completion in fiscal year 1970.

INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

As you can see from this last slide (slide 34) over one-half of the United States-Canadian border, excluding Alaska, lies within the north central division. Thus there are international aspects to many of our activities. We work very closely with Canada on the levels and flows of the waters of Lakes Superior and Ontario, the control of flow at Niagara Falls and are currently engaged in a joint international study to determine the feasibility of further regulating all the lakes.

In my capacity as Division Engineer I am the U.S. Chairman of the:
International Niagara Board of Control.
International St. Lawrence Board of Control.
International Lake Superior Board of Control.
International Niagara Committee.

International Great Lakes Levels Working Committee.
Great Lakes Study Group Steering Committee (blank 35).
This concludes my opening statement unless there are any questions.
Mr. BOLAND. Thank you very much, General, for an informative
and interesting statement on the north central division.

GENERAL INVESTIGATIONS

Mr. BOLAND. We will turn to "General investigations" and insert pages 2 through 30.

(The pages follow:)

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1. Surveys

(a) Navigation studies.-The amount of $590,000 is requested for prosecution of 15 studies during fiscal year 1968. This amount will permit completion of five reports, progress on eight reports, and initiation of work on two others. Tentative allocations by studies follow:

The Calumet River is located in Cook County, Ill., within the southerly part of
Chicago. Study will consider the feasibility of construction of a new turning
basin for deep-draft vessels in the Calumet River about 2 miles upstream from the
river mouth. Total average annual commerce, 1960-64, was 23,000,000 tons, of
which about 6,000,000 tons annually was primarily coal commerce which would
use the proposed turning basin. The turning basin is expected to reduce naviga-
tion congestion, and eliminate delays to inbound vessels.
Highland Park

Highland Park is within the Chicago metropolitan area, approximately 25 miles
north of Chicago Harbor and on the western shore of Lake Michigan. This study
will consider the feasibility of constructing a small-boat harbor at Highland Park
to accommodate the increasing number of recreational boats in this area which
need protected anchorage and harbor of refuge facilities.

Illinois Waterway, 12-foot channel.

The Illinois Waterway joins major waterway systems in the United States com-
prising the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway deep-draft waterway and the
Mississippi River-Ohio River inland waterway system. This study will consider
deepening the Illinois Waterway from the present project depth of 9 feet to a depth
of 12 feet. Waterborne traffic on the Hlinois Waterway has increased during the
10-year period 1955-64 from 21,000,000 tons in 1955 to over 30,000,000 tons in 1964.
The 1962 River and Harbor Act authorized a system of duplicate locks on the
Illinois Waterway with a 12-foot depth through the locks which will increase the
lockage facilities on this major waterway and emphasizes the need for determining
the feasibility of channel deepening at this time.
Mississippi River, 12-foot channel, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

The Mississippi River between Minneapolis, Minn., and mouth of Ohio River
is a major navigation waterway of the United States. This study will consider the
economic feasibility of deepening the project depth from 9 to 12 feet. The increase
in depth being considered on the Mississippi River above mouth of Ohio River
would match the channel depth authorized between the mouth of Ohio River and
the Gulf of Mexico. Waterborne cominerce on the waterway under study has
steadily increased during the period 1955 through 1964 from 25,000,000 tons to
over 45,000,000 tons annually. The Mississippi River Waterway is joined with
the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway navigation system by the Illinois Water-
way which is also under study to provide increase in project depth from 9 feet to
12 feet.

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REA 25/88E, year-round navigation, Tutnola, Towa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin.
Missouri River is a major navigation waterway of the United States. This study
will consider the economic feasibility of providing navigation throughout the year,
including the winter period when the channel is usually icebound, extending from
about Dec. 17 through about Mar. 10. The ton-miles of traffic on the upper Mis-
sissippi River during the regular navigation season has increased in the past 25
years, from about 536,000,000 ton-miles to about 6,000,000,000 ton-miles. The river
is playing an important part in the economic growth of the valley and local interests
have expressed a strong need for year-round navigation. This study will also
consider flood problems related to ice jams on the upper Mississippi River.

Black River (Port Huron).

Black River flows through the city of Port Huron into the St. Clair River near
the southerly end of Lake Huron. This study will consider the need for extending
the existing Federal channel for about 1 mile upstream of the outlet of the Black
River drainage canal, a total distance of about 3.5 miles to be used by recreational
craft. A large privately owned marina is located in the reach for which improve-
ment is desired. The study will also consider the feasibility of improving the
Black River drainage canal which connects Lake Huron with Black River near
the north city limits of Port Huron and construction of a breakwater-protected
small-boat harbor in Lake Huron at the end of the canal.
Harrisville Harbor-

Harrisville Harbor is an existing Federal harbor of refuge for small craft located
on Lake Huron, about 30 miles south of Alpena. Since completion of the harbor
in 1959, the number of visiting recreational craft has grown rapidly; however, full
development of this harbor has been restricted due to excessive turbulence in the
harbor area, resulting from waves passing through the harbor entrance. The study
will consider the feasibility of extending the existing breakwaters or constructing
additional breakwaters.

Lake Erie coast, Michigan and Ohio...

The area under consideration includes the western and southern coast of Lake
Erie extending from the Detroit River to the west side of Sandusky Bay. 10
locations are being considered in the study. The increasing popularity of recrea-
tional boating along this shoreline makes the need for adequate harbors very critical
Min order to provide small craft with safe refuge from lake storms. Natural shelters
are practically nonexistent. The solution to the problem consists of the establish-
ment of improved harbors at a number of specific locations so spaced that small
boats cruising in the areas will be sufficiently close to a harbor to reach shelter before
the onslaught of a storm.

GL-SL.

25,000

0

4,000

21,000

0

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