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It is well known that Napoleon the First was never educated as a lawyer, nor a member of any legislative assembly, and that the short speeches about law which he uttered before the Conseil d'Etat, during the Consulate, were prepared for him by Cambacérès, who, by the way, had failed in the task entrusted to him by the Constituent Assembly of codifying the French civil law. The real authors of the Code Civil were Tronchet, Bigot de Préameneau, and Portalis; but the time of its publication coinciding with the assumption of the Imperial crown by the First Consul, the collection was called Code Napoléon. During the thirty-three years of the Restoration and the July Government, the code resumed its original and more natural title of Code Civil, but was again baptized Code Napoleon under the Second Empire. Now it is officially the Code Civil, although most of its recent editors and commentators persist in retaining the spurious title, in opposition to the law itself, which was passed in March, 1803. Thus, in many editions published in 1872-73, it is declared that no law is valid unless proclaimed by the Emperor; that no marriage may take place between uncle and niece, brother-in-law and sister-in-law, without the permission of the Emperor. The public prosecutor is called "Procureur Impérial," whilst no judge or barrister would dare now call him otherwise than "Procureur de la République." The reason for such discrepancies lies much less in a settled intention to deny past events, or to foster desperate hopes, than in this material fact; all the editions of the Code Civil are generally stereotyped, and the publishers do not choose to incur the expense of setting it up again in types.

We have received from Harriet A. Tenney, State Librarian, a Report of the State Librarian of the State of Michigan for 1873 and 1874, from which we learn that the "total number of books, pamphlets and maps in the care of the State Librarian is 45,745, and their value is estimated at $90,000, an average of nearly two dollars per volume." We are glad to perceive that there is such evidence of progress in the formation of a library, but it is evident that it is yet greatly in need of miscellaneous books, especially in the department of American History. We are glad to see that a lady occupies the post of honor as a librarian. We know no reason except a lack of training why intelligent women should not more frequently occupy a similar position.

The Cross. We are in the habit of associating the Cross with the Christian religion only, and thinking of it as having no significance in any other relation, forgetting that its use as a symbol and as a mode of punishment dates far beyond the time of Jesus Christ, and has its place in the customs of many and widely separated nations of antiquity. When the Assyrian tablets, and the coins of Greece, and the early Asiatic coins are minutely examined, the Greek crosspis found on them; and so it is on Etruscan pottery, specimens of which are to be seen in many museums of the present day. St. Andrew's cross is also to be seen in monuments and memorials of art as remote as those we have just now mentioned. But more common, and in great abundance among the remains of early Roman work, in the midst of

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Pagan symbols is the Latin cross, the one that is familiar to our eyes as the form of the cross on which it is stated Christ was put to death. Heathen divinities have been represented holding in their hands a sceptre in the form of a cross which has conquered them in the seat of their power, and is destined to be the sceptre of the whole earth. The Egyptians had a cross, which was the symbol of life, and it is frequently represented on their monuments with Osiris. The same form was found by Layard on the marbles of Khorsabad and the Nimrut tablets. temples of India have the same symbol on their inner walls. It has by some undefined principle of association been the sign of power, or something equally important to imaginary deities, in ages anterior to Christ, and in countries where no knowledge of the religion of Christ had been propagated at the time when their coins and monuments and temple walls were marked by an emblem that has now become the symbol of the faith of Christendom. Even the Thor of the North, the great Thunderer of the Scandinavians, held a mighty hammer, which was a cross. Gen. di Cesnola found the cross on the antiquities of Cyprus, buried beneath the dust of successive civilizations. In the New World, as well as the Old, the cross was a sacred emblem, and it was frequent in Mexico and South America before Christian robbers and murderers invaded them in the name of a Prince of Peace. Among all the peoples where the cross was thus represented, it was doubtless also used as a mode of punishment-one of the most lingering, torturing and cruel that can be devised. It was in common use among the Romans, and only rarely used among the Jews at the time of Christ. Alexander the Great crucified 2,000 men of Tyre when that city fell into his hands. Darius put to death 3,000 Babylonians in the same way when the city of Hanging Gardens was taken by his hordes. Titus, the Roman General, exhausted the means of torture in crucifying the Jews, when Jerusalem was starved into submission and became his prey.

"Maria Monk's Daughter," by Mrs. L. St. John Eckel, is the most wonderful confession by a lady ever given to the public. One might think that, living and moving still in society, as she does, she would have hesitated to draw the attention of the world to the terrible family history she so graphically describes, and to the details of her own not too immaculate life, which she paints with a complacency and assumed religious fervor which, to say the least, is funny. But as the work is written avowedly in the cause of religion, we suppose criticism of any sort will be considered unjust; but we must put in a protest, as we fail to see how the exposure of a dead mother's name to infamy, and the gross details of a fair woman's peccadilloes, which often appear to border upon the. verge of sin, can aid any one towards a higher or better life. The fair authoress, it seems, is now a light.. of the Catholic Church, and gives her experiences of life, so she says, to show that a heart, however depraved, may be made pure and good. Viewing the work aside from a moral standpoint, we can say it is a literary effort of no mean pretension, and as piquant a collection of chronique scandaleuse as ever emanated from the pen of a Madame Du Barri As such we

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has been actively engaged, for some months past, in excavations at the Island of Cyprus. In September he had the good fortune to discover the ancient site of Curium, or Kuri, and the temple of Apollo Hylates (?). Several long Greek inscriptions bearing the name of that deity have already been unearthed; also some smaller inscriptions in the Cypriote language. These latter are, for the most part, upon little statuettes of calcareous stone. Among his richer finds, the General has a beautiful Greek statuette of white marble, over two feet in height, representing a naked youth, perfect from the knees upwards, and in a very fine state of preservation; there is only the left foot wanting. Another statuette, also representing a naked youth, but arranged in a different attitude, is a little less than two feet in height, the legs from the knees downwards and the arms wanting. The head was found near the torso. A little marble head is also well preserved. These objects appear to show all the characteristics of the finest Greek art. A bronze statuette, seven inches high, well preserved, and of manifest Greek workmanship; only one foot is missing. A large quantity of heads in terra-cotta, some life-size, and statuettes of the same material, of which a few measure eighteen inches in height and over twelve in width. They are seated in the Oriental or Turkish manner, wearing amulets round their necks, and the phalli are prominent. Two are of fine work, and all are artificially faced with red and white colors. At least a hundred statues, statuettes, and heads, in the well-known calcareous stone, employed so commonly by the ancient sculptors of Cyprus, have been exhumed, with a quantity of terra-cotta equestrian figures wearing armor, consisting of helmets of various patterns, rounded shields charged with the full-faced head of Medusa in relief. About thirty statuettes of calcareous stone, seated as above described, wearing amulets on the neck or shoulders, holding doves, rabbits, turtles, or other votive offerings, and in the state already mentioned."

Strange Story About a Bible.-The Pall Mall Gazette says everybody has heard of the three wise men who went to sea in a bowl. The place where these worthies of nursery literature flourished before the unfortunate shipwreck which terminated their history was some few years ago the scene of an event, or, to speak more accurately, it is said to have been the scene of an event, which goes far to prove that the centuries which have elapsed since the maritime venture just mentioned had not added to the wisdom of the place. The church was being restored, so we are informed, and the woodwork, as is usual in such cases, was being removed and sold, to be replaced no doubt, by the "gothic" of Southampton street, when a grocer in the village bought for a few shillings an oaken reading desk and the Bible chained to it. For some time he used the leaves of the Bible for trade purposes, and the desk and chain went the way of old wood and iron. But a friend, a book

seller, suggesting that the Bible deserved better treatment, he was put into communication with an eminent collector who gave him £30 for what remained. This turned out to be a copy, so runs the tale, of the Great Bible of Henry VIII., in a perfect state-it was perfect when the church sold it-worth about £250, at least that may be called roughly its value; but as many years have elapsed since one was sold, it is very possible that twice or even thrice that sum might have been reached in an auction room. Our object is not to spread idle gossip, but to give the authorities of a highly respectable Lincolnshire parish, with a purely gothic and thoroughly "restored" church, an opportunity of denying the truth of a rumor which does them more discredit than even the exploit of their three wise men of old; for, as the heralds say, ancient disgrace, so it be ancient enough, is better than even modern honor, be it never so great.

The stolen portion of the "St. Anthony," by Murillo, the theft of which some two months ago created consternation throughout the whole art world, and which we noticed on page 146 of our last, has been recovered in this city through the judgment and tact of Mr. Schaus, the well-known dealer. at Two Spaniards called his gallery and stated that they had a head of St. Anthony, by Murillo, to sell; Mr. Schaus requested them to call again and bring the picture with them. They did so, and Mr. Schaus immediately recognized it as the stolen portion of the Seville picture. An agreement was made that the picture, which was tacked on a plain stretcher, should be left for a few days, and Mr. Schaus at once communicated with the

Spanish consul. At his request, Mr. Schaus made the best terms he could, and purchased the picture for the ridicuously small sum of $250. We regret to have to say that it has been badly damaged by being rolled. The thanks of all lovers of art are due to Mr. Schaus, who has acted in the matter with the greatest discretion, and who in the first instance informed the Spanish consul that he desired no pecuniary profit, but only wished to have the picture restored to its place in the Seville Cathedral.

The utterances of persons tortured to extort confessions used to be carefully taken down, and their import weighed at leisure by the officers of justice. A similar process is carried on by examining boards, and the record remaining in their hands of the results of the mental torture applied to their victims is, no doubt, as amusing as the archives of the judicial torturers must have been appalling, if we may judge from the specimens which occasionally come to light. A candidate at a recent examination in Paris lately gave an answer to the first question addressed to him, which deserves to rank with that of the youth who, being requested by the examiners in divinity at Oxford University to enumerate the major and minor prophets, declined to make invidious distinctions. "Come, sir," said the French examiner in an encouraging tone to the unpromising looking "subject," who came forward in his turn, "oblige me by telling me all you know of Louis XVI." "Sir," replied the young man, with a modest, yet dignified air, "I never make any individual the subject of idle gossip."

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Bouccicault's name is so constantly before the public as the author of the most successful dramas of the time, that pains have been taken to ascertain as accurately as possible the number of plays he has written, and the number of times each has been performed: Bouccicault has written over four hundred plays. The names of the most successful are as follows, and to each is appended the number of times it has been performed. The Colleen Bawn," 3,100 times; “Arrah-na-Pogue," 2,400; "London Assurance," 2,900; "Rip Van Winkle," 1,400; Old Heads and Young Hearts," 1,259; "The Octoroon," 1,800; "Formosa," 1,100; Jessie Brown," 820; "The Corsican Brothers," 2,200; "Don Cæsar de Bazan," 1,700; "Used Up," 1,350; "The Willow Copse," 1,110; "The Streets of New York," 2,860; "Led Astray," 498. These are the leading ones. Others have had a run of from 100 to 1,000 nights each. The total number of all the performances must have been nearly 50,000. Assuming that the receipts to each performance averaged $500, the money paid by the public to witness these works would amount to $25,000,000. The profits of "London Assurance," when first produced at Covent Garden Theatre, as appears from the record of the management, were $120,000; the profits of the "Colleen Bawn" were $200,000 in one year; the profits of "Arrah-na-Pogue," $180,000. The gross receipts of "Led Astray" last year at the Union Square Theatre amounted to $154,000, of which $80,000 were profit. On these four pieces the theatres cleared upwards of $600,000. Apropos of Bouccicault, the following paragraph appeared in a late issue of the Spirit of the Times :

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"A Constant Reader,' who seems to have had plenty of leisure, sends us the following sources of some of Bouccicault's plays. The list includes many of his latest originals': 'Colleen_Bawn,' dramatized from the Collegians; 'Don Cæsar de Bazan,' adapted from D'Ennery's play of the same name: Willow Copse,' adapted from Closerie des Genets (Scribe); Shaughran,' Hotch-Potch; 'Kerry,' plagiarized from Sunshine through the Clouds and La Joie Fait Peur; Belphegor,' adapted from l'Escamoteur; Rapparee,' adapted from La Madonne des Roses; 'Daddy O'Dowd,' plagiarized from the Porter's Knot and Les Crochets du Pere Martin; Belle Lamar,' plagiarized from Edendale; London Assurance,' purchased from John Brougham; Rip Van Winkle,' plagiarized from Charles Burke's play of the same name; Corsican Brothers,' adapted from Dumas' Les Freres Corses; After Dark,' adapted from Les Oiseaux; 'Janet Pride,' adapted from Marie Jeanne, ou la Femme du Peuple: Used Up,' adapted from L'Homme Blase; Foul Play,' adapted from La Porte-Feuille Rouge; Louis XI.' adapted from Louis XI. (Par Delavigne);Streets of New York,' adapted from Les Pauvres de Paris; 'Man of Honor,' adapted from Le Fils Naturel; Led Astray,' adapted from La Tentation; 'Pauverette,' adapted from Les Bergeres des Alps; Andy Blake, adapted from Le Gamin de Paris; Dark Night's Work, adapted from Giralda (par Scribe); Night and Morning, adapted from Le Joie Fait Peur; Jezabel,' adapted from Le Pendu; 'Sea of Ice, adapted from La Priere des Naufrages. And the indefatigable 'Constant Reader' informs us that the subject is to be continued.'"

The Emperor Napoleon III. made a tolerable success as an author, though his "Cæsar was never purchased by the great reading public in large quantities. Not so, however, with the Persian Shah. This heathen monarch has published a diary of his visit to England. It is a quarto of two hundred and eight pages, badly printed, and of a very poor description in the matter of writing. The Shah is not at

all well learned in the Persian language, having spoken nothing but Turkish up to his eighteenth year. His book, therefore, is hardly readable. It is full of absurdities and blunders, which the Shah might have avoided by calling any of his interpreters to his assistance. The Captain of the British war ship Vigilant, Captain McClintock, is spoken of as being "known through his several voyages to the Northpole islands." The Shah gets mixed up among names of persons and places, which he invariably twists almost out of all semblance to the original. He dwells with evident pleasure upon the good things he had to eat, and is immensely flattered at the good impression he thinks he made upon the English populace, in regard to which he says: "Really, they cordially like me." The book contains a number of statements which will startle rather than instruct the uninformed reader; as, for instance, when it is stated that the people of London think very much of their police, and that anybody who shows any disrespect to the police must be killed. If the Shah's book makes its appearance in this country, a limited number of copies would be wanted to keep as curiosities.

In "Historic and Monumental Rome," C. J. Hemans has given students a manual on a subject of which he is master. We can warmly recommend this handy volume, which Williams & Norgate have just published. No visitor to Rome should be without it.

An interesting archæological discovery has, according to the French newspapers, been recently made near Mount St. Odile, at Obernai, Lower Rhine, by M. Felix Voulot, an Alsatian archæologist. On excavating a slight eminence resembling an ordinary heap of stones, within the area of the ruins known as the Heathens' Wall (Heidenmauer), he came upon six sarcophagi, which afforded, it is said, incontestable evidence of burial before the Roman period. But the most important discovery was that of a coffin, about six feet long, in which was the complete skeleton of a man. From the ornaments found with him it is conjectured that he was a Gallic priest. The ornaments consist of a collar artistically made of yellow amber, lapislazuli, and glass beads; large gold and silver earrings, an iron knife, an amulet of baked earth, a stone hatchet, similar to those which, according to the descriptions given by the ancients, were carried by the Druids; a handsome glass vessel supposed to be a sacrificial cup; shoes richly adorned with gold and silver, and a gold ring covered with hieroglyphics, and in an excellent state of preservation.

One of the literary novelties of the day is a practical Arabic Grammar, lately published by an Arab` professor of the Ecole Normale at Versailles, Bel Kacem ben Sedira. Among the numerous works on the Arabic language none, perhaps, quite fulfils the purpose of practical instruction so efficiently as this one, as far as we know the first work written by a native Algerian subject for the education of French youths. Born at Biskra, on the borders of the desert, Bel Kacem was educated at the mixed French and Arab College of Algiers, where his progress was quite remarkable and where he obtained, by virtue of

a brilliant success in examination, a scholarship at the Ecole Normale. The young Arab professor is married to a charming French wife, and is so far devoted to his adopted country that, in the insurrection of 1871, he enrolled himself among the francs-tireurs, who succored the French colonists of the Metidja. It is quite easy to understand what literary advantages Bel Kacem, to whom French and Arabic are both equally familiar, would possess over his French predecessors in the same line; while none who have made themselves acquainted with Algerian affairs, and the confusion of the Bureaux Arabes, arising from broken French on one side and broken Arabic on the other, can doubt the importance of such efforts to promote and popularize Arabic studies throughout the colony.

The Academy understands that E. B. Nicholson, librarian to the London Institution, is preparing new editions of Mandeville and Gower. The former, which may be looked for during the year, will be illustrated with copious notes; the phraseology will re main unaltered, but the spelling will be sufficiently modernized to render Mandeville acceptable to general readers. Gower will also be annotated-for the first time; the text will be wholly reconstructed from an extensive collation of MSS.; and, besides the "Confessio Amantis," the edition will include the "Praise of Peace," at least one inedited English poem attributed to Gower, and his extant French poems.

A pamphlet, published in 1836, in Amsterdam, by Herr Van Marsdyck, to prove the Dutch origin of Beethoven, has been answered by M. Edouard Grégoir, who, in a short notice of the family of Beethoven, printed at Antwerp, claims the composer of the Nine Symphonies as of Flemish origin, tracing the pedigree of the Beethovens up to the seventeenth century at Leefdael, near Louvain, and ascribing to a branch established at Antwerp towards 1650 a direct line up to Louis Beethoven (grandson of a musician), who left Antwerp for Bonn, and was the grandfather of the master mind. There are Beethovens now at Maestricht, Tongres and Tirlemont. The last member of the Antwerp branch was the mother of the marine painter, Jacob Jacobs, who is still living, and who supplied Mr. Grégoir with interesting particulars. She was named Marie Thérèse Van Beethoven, and died in Antwerp, 23d of January, 1824.

Several French journals have asserted that Prince Talleyrand's memoirs are about to be published, and the rumor has been accompanied by hints as to numerous "indiscretions" which will affect the reputation of certain statesmen still alive. We cannot, therefore, do better than reproduce an Occasional Note which appeared three years ago, and which will serve to allay the fears or hopes of M. de Talleyrand's surviving contemporaries :

A very general impression prevailed that Prince Talleyrand's memoirs would be shortly published, and it was even rumored that they were at the present moment in the press. Such, however, is far from being the case. It will be remembered that the Prince left testamentary directions enjoining that a space of thirty years at least should intervene between his decease and their publication, and naming M. de Bacourt, formerly First Secretary of the French Embassy in London,

his literary executor. This gentleman has recently died, and the papers and memoirs have reverted, by the terms of the Prince's will, to the Duchess de Sagan, his niece and legatee, It has been by her decided that they shall not see the light until 1898, so that the surviving contemporaries of the Bishop of Autun, who were in fear and trembling as to the unpleas ant revelations which might be made concerning them, will have abundant time to disappear from the scene and to leave behind them some exculpatory evidence for the benefit of the next generation.

No change has been made in the arrangement referred to above, nor, so long as the Duchess de Sagan is alive, is there any probability that the date of the publication will be anticipated. It is said that when the terms fixed by the author expired, the Prince's executor showed the MS. to Napoleon III, who found that Thiers, Guizot and others were so badly treated that he asked to have its publication delayed for thirty years.

With the January number The American Historical Record has been enlarged and improved and its name changed into Potter's American Monthly. The department of American History has been retained as an essential feature, but other subjects have been embraced in its scope, and it now more nearly resembles our other illustrated magazines. The price remains unchanged. In its present form we certainly believe Potter's American Monthly has no equal of its class in the States, and we refer our readers to the four-page advertisement of the magazine at the end of this number, for a sample of the feast of good things offered for their digestion, and which proves the publishers have the amusement and instruction of their subscribers at heart. We wish The American Monthly, as it deserves, every possible success.

William Paterson, of Edinburgh, has thrown off an impression of 250 copies, in imperial folio, of Captain John Slezer's rare "Theatrum Scotia." In this edition the descriptions are given in complete form, as in the original of 1693, with the additions contained in subsequent editions and illustrations by Dr. Jamieson, first published in 1814. The list of plates has been corrected according to the complete list furnished by David Laing to the second volume of the Bannatyne Club Miscellany; and the arms of the nobility to whom the various plates were dedicated, and which were only printed in the first edition, have been fac-similed and emblazoned in heraldic colors.

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memory is embellished by a fine picture of Mr. Sumner, from Edgar Parker's admirable portrait, and contains the eulogies of George William Curtis and Carl Schurz, the speeches of members of the Legislature, an account of the obsequies, Whittier's poem, Robert B. Elliott's oration and Foote's sermon.

Mr. Walter Thornbury is preparing for the press a second edition of his "Life of Turner." The Athenaum says it will contain many hitherto unpublished letters and a large number of fresh facts about the painter.

"The History of Advertising, from the Earliest Times," illustrated by anecdotes, curious specimens and biographical notes, with illustrations and facsimiles, by Henry Sampson, fully bears out the promise of its title, and is so varied in its contents as almost to defy description. A frontispiece, exemplifying the theme of the book by a view of the interior of a railway station at the present day, has realized the publishers nearly two thousand dollars, paid by the parties whose names are inserted in it. This is certainly a clever and happy illustration of its subject.

M. F. Lenormant gives, in the Revue Archeologique, an engraving and a short description of the statue of Antinous, found in the course of his excavations at Eleusis in 1860. He regards it, apparently with the consent of those who have seen it, as a work of the time of Hadrian. The peculiarity of the statue lies in the figure of an omphalos which rises from the base at the feet of Antinous. The presence of the omphalos of Apollo at Delphi at the feet of a god who was only a sort of Dionysos, is explained by M. Lenormant by a reference to the statement that Dionysos Zagreus met his death at that omphalos. If he is right so far, he is doubtless also right when he adds that the omphalos may thus have recalled the death of Antinous.

Lloyd, the map man, who made the maps for General Grant and the Union army, has just invented a way of getting a relief plate from steel so as to print his Map of the American Continent-showing from ocean to ocean--on one entire sheet of bank note paper, 40 by 50 inches large, on a lightning press, and colored, sized and varnished for the wall so as to stand washing. This map shows the whole United States and Territories in a group, from surveys to 1875, with thousands of places on it, such as towns, cities, villages, mountains, lakes, rivers, streams, gold mines, railway stations, &c.

M'Glashan & Gill, of Dublin, have ready a pamphlet in which an attempt will be made to prove that the character of Wolsey, put into the mouth of Griffith, in ". Henry the Eighth," is copied almost verbatim from Campion's "History of Ireland."

The Daily News gives a curious illustration of the anomalous position held by actors and playwrights two centuries ago. "A certificate of baptism," it says, "has been discovered in Paris, dated March 30, 1671, in which Molière, as godfather, is registered as

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valet de chambre of the King,' and 'having no fixed domicile. No allusion is made to Molière's occupation as actor and manager, or to his work as a dramatic poet, although the Misanthrope,' the 'Tartuffe,' the Ecole des Femmes,' and indeed all the plays on which he and the literature of his country have become famous, were written long before the date of the certificate. The description of the poet as having no fixed domicile seems like an equivalent of the vagabonds,' while the valet de chambre reminds us of the title of Her Majesty's Servants,' by which English actors and playwrights have been variously designated." It is further noted that Massinger's "name was recorded in a burial register of St. Saviour, Southwark, with the words a stranger' appended as his only description."

Mr. M'Gee, the Dublin publisher, has in the press a republication from Shelley's prose works, edited by Mr. Arthur Clive, to be entitled "Scintilla Shelleiana."

A little book of French Epigrams, which once belonged to Thomas Moore, was sold lately in London for a few shillings. It contains one or two translations in pencil on the fly leaves. They are altered and polished most carefully, but do not seem to have ever been published. One is as follows:

"Clodio, that scribbling, chattering pest,
To me the other morning said,
'Which of my works do you like best?'

I answered, 'Those I have not read.'"

Another is varied several times:

"Prometheus, to punish his pilfering art,

Had a vulture to feed day and night on his heart; Hadst thou, my good friend, been in his situation, Alas for the bird! t'would have died of starvation." This is a different version :

"Prometheus, to punish his pilfering, they say,

Had a vulture to feed on his heart night and day;
Hadst thou, my good friend, been in his situation,
The vulture, by Jove! would have died of starvation."

The Comtesse du Barry, in imitation of Madame de Pompadour, had formed a library of books, neatly bound in morocco, with her arms gilt on the sides. At her death, by the guillotine, her books were confiscated, and about 400 of them are still in the Municipal Library of Versailles. The rest were lost or stolen. A complete list of them has been found in duplicate in the Arsenal Library, and is now printed, with Introduction and Notes, by M. Paul Lacroix.

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"A gentleman in this city, Mr. J. G. Barnwell,' writes Mr. J. V. Whittaker, from Philadelphia, to the Bookseller, "who holds an honorary position in the Mercantile Library, has spent many years in gathering materials for a work on anonyms and pseudonyms. He has some 8,000 items in his collection, but I fear there is no chance of its being printed, as, while the cost of production is known, the profits to the producer must, to quote the words of Herbert Spencer, be relegated to the regions of the unknowable.'

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