Needless Deaths in the Gulf War: Civilian Casualties During the Air Campaign and Violations of the Laws of WarBased on interviews conducted during the war with those who fled bombing as well as subsequent research and analysis, this challenges the report of allied commanders that they took every feasible step to avoid civilian death and injury. It also examines Iraqi attacks on Israel and Saudi Arabia. |
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Common terms and phrases
Air Force Pamphlet aircraft allied bombing Ameriyya Article Aviv Azraq Evacuee Center Baghdad Baghdad Domestic Service Basra bridge building casualties and damage civilian casualties civilian objects civilian population cluster bombs coalition Command crater customary law damage to civilian Daytime Attack Defense destroyed destruction Dhahran driver electricity facilities Falluja February 12 February 13 fired Gulf Hafr al-Batin highway hospital houses ICRC Commentary injured intercepted Iraq Iraq's Iraqi civilians Iraqi missile Israel Israeli January 18 January 22 Jordan Jordanian journalist killed Kuwait located McPeak meters MEW interview Middle East Watch military objectives missile attacks missile force munitions Najaf nearby neighborhood night official Operation Desert Storm Patriot Pentagon Interim Report percent Protocol raid reported in FBIS residential Riyadh rocket Rutba Saddam Hussein Saudi Arabia Saudi Press Agency Schwarzkopf shelter Sudanese tankers Tel Aviv told MEW trucks U.S. military Washington Post weapons York
Popular passages
Page 51 - Refrain from deciding to launch any attack which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, damage to civilian objects, or a combination thereof, which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.
Page 32 - The civilian population as such, as well as individual civilians, shall not be the object of attack. Acts or threats of violence the primary purpose of which is to spread terror among the civilian population are prohibited.
Page 33 - The presence of a protected person may not be used to render certain points or areas immune from military operations.
Page 34 - Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict as well as members of militias or volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces. 2. Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of organized resistance movements...
Page 47 - ... those which employ a method or means of combat which cannot be directed at a specific military objective; or c) those which employ a method or means of combat the effects of which cannot be limited as required by this Protocol; and consequently, in each such case, are of a nature to strike military objectives and civilians or civilian objects without distinction.
Page 31 - In order to ensure respect for and protection of the civilian population and civilian objects, the Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants and between civilian objects and military objectives and accordingly shall direct their operations only against military objectives.
Page 51 - Take all feasible precautions in the choice of means and methods of attack with a view to avoiding, and in any event to minimizing, incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects...
Page 58 - It is prohibited to attack, destroy, remove, or render useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population...
Page 58 - ... 3. The prohibitions in paragraph 2 shall not apply to such of the objects covered by it as are used by an adverse Party: (a) As sustenance solely for the members of its armed forces; or (b) If not as sustenance, then in direct support of military action, provided, however, that in no event shall actions against these objects be taken which may be expected to leave the civilian population with such inadequate food or water as to cause its starvation or force its movement.
Page 178 - The United States Strategic Bombing Survey was established by the Secretary of War on 3 November 1944, pursuant to a directive from the late President Roosevelt. Its mission was to conduct an impartial and expert study of the effects of our aerial attack on Germany, to be used in connection with air attacks on Japan and to establish a basis for evaluating the importance and potentialities of air power as an instrument of military strategy, for planning the future development of the United States...