СОКЕ.

The total production of coke in 1912 amounted to 43,983,599 short tons (11,115,164 tons from retort ovens), valued at $111,736,696, and the average price paid per ton for the same period was $2.10. The average output from the by-product ovens in 1912 was 2,133 short tons per oven and from the beehive ovens 484 3hort tons. The imports of coke were valued at $488,398 in 1912 and the exports (912,576 short tons) at $3,002,742.

The value and quantity of products obtained in the manufacture of coke in retort ovens were as follows: Gas, 54,491,248 thousand cubic feet, valued at $4,650,517; tar, 94,306,583 gallons, valued at $2,310,900; ammonia, sulphate or reduced to equivalent sulphate, 95,275,545 pounds, valued at $3,649,144; ammonia liquor, 5,502,403 gallons, valued at $735,120; anhydrous ammonia, 3,144,014 gallons, valued at $4.114,419; other by-products valued at $610,552, thus making the total value of the by-products of coke $16,070,682. The value of the coke manufactured in retort ovens was $42,632,930 and the total value of all the products obtained in the manufacture of coke by this process was $58,703,612.

NATURAL GAS.

The value of natural gas produced in 1911 was $74,127,534, as compared with $70,756,158 in 1910. No imports of natural gas were reported for 1911. Pennsylvania consumed more natural gas than any other state in the Union, the amount being 154,475,376 thousand cubic feet, valued at $23,446,001; Ohio ranked second with 112.123,029 thousand cubic feet, valued at $22,792,270; Kansas came next with 77,861,143 thousand cubic feet, valued at $9,493,701, and West Virginia fourth with 80,868,645 thousand cubic feet. valued at $6,240,152. During the year 1911 there were 508,353,241 thousand cubic feet of natural gas consumed having a total value of $74,127,534. The value of all the natural gas produced in the United States for the year 1911 was $74,127,534 and of the crude petroleum, $134,044,752, thus making the value of natural gas and crude petroleum, $208,172,286. There were 28,428 productive wells on Dec. 31, 1911.

In the year 1911 the total production of petroleum in the United States amounted to 220,449,391 barrels, the total value being $134,044,752, or an average price per barrel of $0.608. On January 1, 1910 there were 149,402 productive wells in the United States, and on Dec. 31, there were 152.687. The average daily production (in barrels) per well amounted to 3.8. The total acreage in wells in the United States in 1911 amounted to 8,322,862. Imports for the year amounted to $2,410,884 and exports to $105,922,848. The total production of the world was 345,512, 185 barrels, of which the United States produced 63.8 per cent, or almost two-thirds.

PETROLEUM REFINING.

The products of the petroleum-refining industry, statistics for which are presented below, aggregated $236,997,659 in value in 1909 as compared with $123,929,384 in 1899, the increase during the decade being 91.2 per cent. This conforms closely with the increase in the cost of crude petroleum used which was 89.4 per cent. The crude petroleum used increased in quantity from 52,011,005 barrels of 42 gallons in 1899 to 120,775,439 barrels in 1909, or 132.2 per cent., and the refined-oil products aggregated 40,290,985 barrels of 50 gallons in 1899 and 89,082,810 barrels in 1909, an increase of 136.2 per cent. for the decade. The total amount of crude petroleum used for refining purposes was 120,775,439 barrels of 42 gallons each, valued at $152,307,040. The products of the refining process were as follows: Illuminating oils, 33,495,798 barrels (50 gallons), value, $94,547,010; fuel oils (including gas oils), 34,034,577 barrels, value $36,462,883; lubricating oils, 10,745,885 barrels, valued at $38,884,236; naphtha and gasoline (including gas naphtha), 10,806,550 barrels, value $39,771,959; paraffin wax, 946,830 barrels, value $9,388,812; oil asphaltum, 233,328 short tons, value $2,724,752; residuum or tar, 1,787,008 barrels, value $2,215,623; greases (lubricating, etc.), 138,302 barrels, value $1,567,647; coke and black naphtha, value $507,695; sludge acid, 133,215 short tons, value $402.295; and all other products, value $10,524,747.

QUANTITY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCED IN, AND QUANTITIES AND VALUE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS EXPORTED FROM, THE UNITED STATES.

The total exports of petroleum from the United States during the year 1911 amounted 1,768,731,699 gallons, valued at $105,922,

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The exports of mineral, crude (including all natural oils, without regard to gravity) was 201,843,355 gallons, valued $165,403; the exports of mineral, refined, or anufactured naphtha, benzine, gasoline, etc., tealing 137,294,606 gallons was valued at $11.482.761; the exports of mineral, refined

manufactured illuminating oils was 1,112,295,006 gallons, valued at $61,055,095; the exports of mineral, refined or manufactured lubricating oils (heavy paraffin, etc.), amounting to 183,319,645 gallons was valued at $23.337,126; and the exports of residuum tar, pitch, and all other, from which the light dies have been distilled) amounting to 133,179,087 gallons was valued at $3,882,463.

CEMENT.

The quantity of Portland, natural and puzzolano cement produced in the United States during 1912 was 83,351,191 barrels, valued at $67,461,513. As compared with 1911, when the production was 79,547,958 barrels, valued at $66,705,136, the year 1912 showed an increase of 3,803,233 barrels, or 4.78 per cent in quantity, and an increase of $756,377 or 1.13 per cent in value. In 1912 the quantity of Portland cement produced

was 82,438,096 barrels, valued at $67,016,928; the production of natural cement amounted to 821,231, valued at $367,222; and the production of puzzolano cement amounted to 91,864 barrels, valued at $77,363.

From 1818 when the first natural cement was used, 300,000 barrels, up to the year 1890, when the maximum amount 9,868,179 barrels was used, the consumption of natural cement constantly grew. Since 1899, however, the consumption has gradually decreased, until in 1912 the production only amounted to 821,231 barrels. The future of natural cement depends entirely upon means of improvement in the manufacture of the cement, whereby it may be brought nearer the specification for the high-grade Portland cement. The decline in the use of natural cement has been due principally to the greater tensile strength of Portland cement.

During the year 1912 the domestic consumption of Portland cement arounted to 80,865,527 barrels, which figure is arrived at as follows: To the shipments, 85,012,556 barrels, add the imports, 68,503 barrels, and subtract the exports, 4.215,532, leaving as the apparent consumption, 80,865,527 barrels.

The total production of pig-iron for the year 1912 was 29,726,937 tons against 23,649,547 tons in 1911. On June 30, 1912, there were 266 furnaces in blast and on December 31 there were 313. The total number of furnaces on December 31, 1912, was 466.