CEPHEUS (sē'-fūs) (Face North.)

LOCATION.-A line drawn from (a) to (ß) Cassiopeia and prolonged about 18 degrees strikes (a) Cephi. The nearest bright star west of Polaris is (y) Cephi. Cepheus is an inconspicuous constellation, lying partly in the Milky Way. A view of this constellation through an opera-glass will repay the observer. Cepheus is characterized by a rude square, one side of which is the base of an isosceles triangle. Look for the socalled garnet star (u), probably the reddest star visible to the naked eye in the United States. The star (5) has a blue companion star.

(a) forms an equilateral triangle with Polaris and (ɛ) Cassiopeiæ.

(8) is a variable double. One of the pair is yellow, the other blue.

It is claimed that Cepheus was known to the Chaldæans twenty-three centuries before our era.

Surrounding 8, ɛ, 5, and λ, which mark the king's head, is a vacant space in the Milky Way, similar to the Coal Sack of Cygnus.

PEGASUS (peg'-a-sus)—THE WINGED HORSE. (Face

South.)

LOCATION. One corner of the Great Square is found by drawing a line from Polaris to Cassiopeia, and prolonging it an equal distance.

The Great Square is a stellar landmark. Three of the corners of the square are marked by stars in Pegasus; the fourth, and northeastern, corner is marked by the star Alpheratz in Andromeda.

The horse is generally seen upside down, with his fore feet projected up into the sky. Only the head, neck, and fore feet are represented. The star Enif is in the nose of Pegasus.

The star (7) is an interesting double, easily seen in an operaglass.

The position of the asterism Equus or Eqüleus, the Little Horse, or Horse's Head, is shown in the diagram.

Delphinus, the water jar of Aquarius, and the circlet in the Western Fish, are all in the vicinity of Pegasus, and indicated in the diagram.

The winged horse is found on coins of Corinth 500 to 430 B.C. The Greeks called this constellation iOS.

Pegasus seems to have been regarded in Phoenicia and Egypt as the sky emblem of a ship.

Within the area of the Square Argelander counted thirty naked-eye stars.

Note a fine pair in Eqüleus just west of the star Enif in Pegasus.

ANDROMEDA (an-drom'-e-dä)—THE CHAINED LADY.

LOCATION. The star (a) Alpheratz is at the northeastern corner of the great square of Pegasus, one of the stellar landmarks.

Running east from (a), at almost equal distances, are four other stars, two of which are of the second magnitude. The most easterly one is (6) Persei, known as Algol, the famous variable. The stars (y) Andromedæ, Algol, and (a) Persei form a rightangled triangle.

The chief object of interest in this constellation is the great nebula, the first to be discovered. It can be seen by the naked eye and it is a fine sight in an opera-glass. Its location is indicated in the diagram.

The star (y) is the radiant point of the Bielid meteors, looked for in November. It is a colored double for a powerful glass.

The great nebula has been called the “Queen of the Nebulæ.” It is said to have been known as far back as A.D. 905, and it was described before A.D. as the "Little Cloud."

Andromeda is very favorable for observation in September, low in the eastern sky.

Note the characteristic "Y" shaped asterism known as Gloria Frederica or Frederic's Glory. It lies about at the apex of a nearly isosceles triangle of which a line connecting Alpheratz and (B) Pegasi is the base. A line drawn from (d) to (a) Cassiopeia and prolonged a little over twice its length points it out.