JUNE 1. Report that J. H. Amschewitz, graduate of the Royal Academy, wins the limited competition for the decoration of the Liverpool Town Hall, England. 7. Joint Committee of Congress adopt a resolution accepting, on behalf of the Government, a marble head of Abraham Lincoln, executed by Gutzon Borglum, and presented by Eugene Meyer, Jr., of New York. To be placed in the Capitol at Washington, D. C. 8. Fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Temple Beth Israel, of Portland, Ore. 8. Anti-Semitic demonstration in the Duma during the Executive Session. Immediate exclusion of Jews from the Army urged by Deputy Zamislovsky, and motion made by Deputy Krupensky to strike off Jewish recruits from the conscript list and to impose upon them a head tax. 10. Fiftieth anniversary of Temple Beth Israel, of Portland, Ore. (middle.) The Duces-Aubert prize, consisting of fourteen hundred francs and a gold medal, awarded to Lieutenant-Colonel Bernard, by the Geographical Society of France. (middle). Grade of Brigadier-General conferred on Dr. J. 19. Dr. Ferdinand Widal, member of the Academy 17. Selig Brodetsky, of London, England, awarded 19. Republican National Convention adopts the following plank in its platform: "We recommend the vigorous efforts made by the administration to protect American citizens in foreign lands, and pledge ourselves to insist upon the just and equal protection of all our citizens abroad. It is the unquestioned duty of the Government to procure for all our citizens, without distinction, the rights of travel and JULY 22. 27. (end). 9. sojourn in friendly countries, and we declare ourselves in favor of all proper efforts tending to that end." Cablegram stating that the participants in the Twenty-fifth anniversary of the Hebrew Union Report that 75 Jewish artisans with their fam- 66 (end). Graccovno Levi-Cinita, Mayor of Padua, and Dr. Pio Foa, Professor at the University of Turin, appointed to the Senate by the King of Italy. Democratic National Convention adopts the following plank in its platform: We pledge ourselves to insist upon the just and lawful protection of our citizens at home and abroad, and to use all proper methods to secure for them, whether native-born or naturalized, and without distinction of race or creed, the equal protection of law and the enjoyment of all rights and privileges open to them under our treaty; and if, under existing treaties, the right of travel and sojourn is denied to American citizens, or recognition is withheld from American passports by any countries on the ground of race or creed, we favor prompt negotiations with the Governments of such countries to secure the removal of these unjust discriminations. We demand that all over the world a duly authorized passport issued by the Government of the United States to an American citizen shall be proof of the fact that he is an American citizen and shall entitle him to the treatment due him as such." 12. Councillor Halpern, a member of the Russian Ministry, appointed Vice-Director of the second Department of the Ministry. 13. Henri Aron, and Lieutenant-Colonel Bernard, of 23. Fiftieth Anniversary of the Political Emancipation celebrated by the Jews of England. Reactionary press of Russia demands immediate dismissal of all converted Jews from Russian Government positions. Georges Berr, Leon Oulmont, of Carcassone, and Levy-Strauss, of Paris, France, appointed to the Legion of Honor. Justice Greenbaum of the New York Supreme Court, decides that a Rabbinical divorce granted in Russia is legal here. Councillor Cassell, Leopold Rosenow, and Dr. Gershel, re-elected from Berlin, Germany, to the Prussian parliament. SUNDAY LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES AND LEADING JUDICIAL DECISIONS HAVING SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE JEWS BY ALBERT M. FRIEDENBERG OF THE NEW YORK BAR This summary is devoted to an examination of the Sunday laws now (1908) in force in the United States and of the leading reported decisions in which the courts of justice have sought to construe these statutes. SUNDAY LAWS The Sunday laws in effect in the States of the United States were collected for the Massachusetts Labor Bulletin, in 1905. They are here reproduced, the material having been brought down to date (1908). Alabama.-Any person who compels his child, apprentice, or servant to perform any labor on Sunday, except the customary domestic duties of daily necessity, or works of charity, etc., and any merchant or shopkeeper (except a druggist) who keeps open store on Sunday, is subject to a fine or a fine and imprisonment; these provisions do not apply to the running of railroads, stages or steamboats, or other vessels navigating the waters of this State, or any manufacturing establishment, which requires to be kept in constant operation. [Chap. 195, Sec. 5542, Code of 1897.] 1 All the Sunday statutes of the different States, of Canada and of European countries are collected in Labor Bulletin of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, No. 36 (June, 1905), reprinted in Report [on] Observance of the Lord's Day, Boston, 1907, p. 41 et seq. The reader is also referred to papers and notes by the present writer in Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society, Nos. 11, 12, and 13. Arkansas.-Every person who shall on the Sabbath or Sunday be found laboring, or shall compel his apprentice or servant to labor or to perform other services than customary household duties of daily necessity, comfort, or charity, shall be fined. Every apprentice or servant compelled to labor on Sunday shall be deemed a separate offense of the master. The provisions of this act shall not apply to steamboats and other vessels navigating the waters of this State, nor to such manufacturing establishments as are required to be kept in continual operation. No person who from a religious belief keeps any other day than the first day of the week as the Sabbath shall be required to observe the first day of the week usually called the Christian Sabbath, and shall not be liable to the penalties enacted against Sabbath-breaking, provided that no store or saloon shall be kept open or business carried on there on a Christian Sabbath, and provided, further, that no person so observing any other day shall disturb any religious congregation by his avocations or employments. Every person who shall keep open any store or retail any goods, wares, and merchandise on Sunday, shall be subject to a fine. [Chap. 48, Secs. 2030 to 2042, Digest of 1904.] California.-Every employer who causes his employees or any of them to work more than six days in seven, except in the case of emergency, whether the employee is engaged by the day, week, month, or year, and whether the work performed is done in the day or night, is guilty of a misdemeanor. [Sec. 653e, Codes and Statutes 1885 and Chap. 158, Acts of 1901.] Colorado.-A penalty is imposed upon any person carrying on the business of barbering on Sunday in any city of the first or second class, whether incorporated by general law or special charter. [Chap. 73, Acts of 1893.] Places where liquors are sold shall be closed from 12 o'clock Saturday night until 6 o'clock Monday morning. [Chap. 36, Sec. 1346d, 1891-1905.] Connecticut.-Persons are forbidden under penalty of a fine to do any secular business or labor, except works of necessity or charity, or keep open any shop, warehouse, or any manufacturing or mercantile establishment, or expose any property for sale, or engage in any sport, between 12 o'clock Saturday night and 12 o'clock Sunday night. [Chap. 89, Sec. 1369, General Statutes of 1902.] The statute exempting Seventh-Day Sabbatarians is discussed below. No railroad company shall run any trains on any road operated by it within this State between sunrise and sunset on Sunday, except from necessity or mercy, provided that trains may be run carrying the United States mail, and such other trains as may be |