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Standardization, inspection, and labeling activities of the Federal agencies.
United States Department of Agriculture:
Agricultural Adjustment Administration...
Consumers' Counsel Division
Consumer Standards Project_
Agricultural Marketing Service....
Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering-
Bureau of Agricultural Economics__
Bureau of Animal Industry.
Bureau of Dairy Industry.
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine...
Bureau of Home Economics.
Bureau of Plant Industry.
Commodity Exchange Administration..
Extension Service..
5
7
11
12
25
32
33
35
38
39
43
44
45
48
49
51
63
65
70
71
73
77
94
United States Department of the Interior:
Bituminous Coal Division, and the Comsumers' Counsel Division,
Standardization, inspection, and labeling activities-Continued.
United States Navy Department...---
United States Tariff Commission.
United States Treasury Department:
Procurement Division.
Veterans' Administration
United States War Department...
Page
167
173
176
181
183
CHAPTER III
Standardization and labeling activities of private agencies
Standardization activities of individual companies..
Standardization activities of trade associations.
189
190
196
Standardization activities of technical and professional societies.
Certification of products by trade associations and technical and
professional societies.
210
225
CHAPTER IV
Standardization and simplification of products as affected by State
legislation
Standardization and simplification of fertilizers
235
237
Sanitation and labeling requirements for new bedding and upholstery__
243
CHAPTER V
Methods and procedures in government purchasing..
255
Procurement methods and procedures of the Procurement Division,
United States Treasury Department
257
Procurement methods and procedures of the United States Navy
Department..
266
Procurement methods and procedures of the United States War
Consumer buying and the extent and character of commodity information
available..
CHAPTER VIII
Value of standards, grades, and informative labels to consumers and their
effect on merchandising-
CHAPTER IX
Recommendations and policies of various organizations relating to con-
sumer standards, grading, and labeling---
Conclusion.....--
CHAPTER X
APPENDIX
Nomenclature of standards...
Grade terminology of food products..
Index...
301
302
306
312
315
335
355
363
365
375
377
SCHEDULE OF TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLES
1. Coal classification-Bituminous Coal Division-
2. Extent of centralized purchasing in States..
3. Status of State purchasing agencies.---
4. Departments of which State purchasing agencies are a part....
5. Bureaus, departments, commissions, and institutions for which pur-
chases are made by the State purchasing agency.
6. Extent to which States use written specifications.
7. How specifications are formulated by State purchasing agencies.
8. Extent to which States use specifications of the Federal Government
and of national trade or technical associations _ _
9. Use of tests to determine compliance with specifications by State pur-
chasing agencies.
10. Testing laboratories of State purchasing agencies.
143
274
275
276
277
280
11. Types of tests made and commodities tested in the laboratories of 13
States where purchasing agencies maintain testing laboratories...
281
12. Types of testing laboratories used by the States___.
13. Growth of centralized purchasing in 118 cities of over 30,000 popula-
tion....
289
14. Extent of centralized purchasing in cities over 30,000 as of
December 1, 1939.-
290
15. Coverage and returns of questionnaire relating to use of standards by
municipalities...
291
16. Extent to which municipalities use written specifications in purchasing
supplies and equipment...
292
17. How specifications are formulated by municipalities.
293
18. Extent to which municipalities use specifications of Federal Govern-
ment and of national trade or technical associations.
19. Use of tests by municipalities to determine compliance with specifica-
tions....
294
295
20. Ownership of testing laboratories used by municipalities.-
296
21. Distribution of families and single individuals by income levels,
1935-36_
336
22. Average expenditures for main categories of consumption for the year
1935-36
344
345
23. Contract deliveries of meats graded by Federal graders..
24. Dairy products graded by Federal and Federal-State graders
CHARTS
I. The Federal Government and standardization...
II. Steps in setting up quality standards for farm products-Agri-
cultural Marketing Service....
III. Organization of the Research and Testing Group-National Bureau
of Standards___.
facing 78
IV. Organization of the Commercial Standardization Group-National
Bureau of Standards...
facing 86
V. Typical development of a Simplified Practice Recommendation-
National Bureau of Standards.__
facing 88
VI. Typical development of a Commercial Standard-National
facing 90
VII. Building construction standards activities-Federal Housing
Administration.......
facing 98
VIII. Procedure for developing identity standards for food under the Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act-Food and Drug Administration....... facing 106
IX. Procedure for establishing standards in connection with low-rent
housing under the United States Housing Authority program. facing 128
X. Development of a Navy Department Specification originating in
the Bureau of Ships-Navy Department....
XI. Procedure chart of the preparation of Federal Specifications-
facing 170
Procurement Division, Treasury Department_ facing 180
XII. Steps in development and standardization-War Department.. facing 184
XIII. Standardization procedure-American Gas Association.. ... facing 204
XIV. Organization Chart, American Standards Association............... facing 212
XV. How American Standards are developed, American Standards
Association...............
facing 212
XVI. Outline of standardization procedure of the American Society for
Testing Materials___
facing 214
facing 216
XVII. Procedure chart for the adoption of a method of analysis by the
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. ---
XVIII. Summary of State fertilizer control laws, regulations, and
rulings...
facing 238
XIX. Sanitation and labeling requirements for new bedding and uphol-
stery
XX. The development of centralized purchasing in the Federal Govern-
244
ment....
APPENDIX CHARTS
facing 256
Grade designations as promulgated by Federal agencies-Food Prod-
ucts..
facing 376