Thus having gotten our Iron into her, out boats row where they think she will rise (after she hath been beating her selfe at ground) and get 2 or 3 irons more into her, and then we account her secure. Then when she is neer tired with striving and wearied with the boats and ropes, we lance her with long Lances, the Irons and stands wereof are about 12 or 14 foot long, with which we prick her to death; and in killing her, many times she staveth some of our boats, beating and flourishing with her tayle above water, that the boats dare scarce come nigh her, but oftentimes in an hours time she is dispatched.

Thus having killed her, our boats tow her (all of them rowing one before another, one fast to another like a team of Horses) to the ship's stern, where, after she hath layn 24 hours we cut off the Blubber, and take the finns (which we

commonly call the whalebone) and her tongue out of her mouth, and with a great pair of slings and tackle, we turn her round, and take all that is good off her, and then we turn her carcass adrift and tow the blubber (cut in pieces) to the shore, where works stand to mannure (sic) it.

Having made fast the blubber to the shore, we have a Waterside-man who stands in a pair of boots, to the middle leg in water, and flaweth such flesh as is not clean cut from the blubber: Then we have two men with a Barrow," that when the Watersideman hath cut it in pieces about two hundred weight, carry it up to a stage standing by our Works, like a Table; then we have a man with a long knife, who we call a Stage-cutter, who sliceth it into thin pieces about halfe an inch thick, and a foot long or longer, and throws it into a Cooler, we call a

*Not a wheelbarrow; vide illustration.

slicing-cooler, betwixt which and another Cooler (called a Chopping-cooler) we have men we call choppers placed; five or six men, who upon blocks cut about a foot and halfe square (made of the tayle of the Whale, which is very tough) do take the sliced blubber and chop it very small and thin, not above a quarter of an inch thick, and an inch or two long; and thrust it off from their blocks into the Chopping-Cooler, which holds two or three tuns: Then upon a Plat-forme is built a Copperhole, about 4 foot high, to which there is a stokehole, and on this Copperhole is a broad Copper, which containeth about a Butt, hanged with Mortar and made tight round the edges. And over the Stokehole, upon an Arch, stands a Chimney, which draws up the smoke and flame. And we have one we call a Tubfiller, who with a Ladle of Copper, whose handle is about 6 foot long, taketh the Chopt blubber out of the chopping-cooler and puts it into a hogshead made with strapps for that purpose, and he drawes this hogshead from the chopping-cooler'sside to the Copper and putteth it in; under which having once kindled a fire of wood and boyled a Copper or two of Oyle, the scruffe which remains after the Oyle is boyled out of the blubber (which we call Fritters) we throw under the Copper, which makes a feirce fire, and so boyleth the Oyle out of the blubber without any other fewell.

Then when we find that it is boyled enough, we have two men which we call coppermen who with two long-handled copper ladles take both oyle and fritters out of the Copper, about halfe, and put it into a Barrow (we call a Fritter-barrow) made with two handles and barrell-boards set about halfe-a-quarter of an inch one from the other, through which the oyle runneth and the Fritters remain; from which the Oyle being drained whilst another Coper of Oyle boyles, they are cast into the Stokehole and burnt, and the barrow stands ready again on the first OyleCooler, to receive what is taken out of the next Copper. Out of this barrow the Oyle runs into a great thing we call a Cooler made of Deal-boards, containing about five tuns, which is filled within an inch of a hole (made in the side for the Oyle to run into the next spout) with water to cool the Oyle, and so the Oyle runs upon the water, through this hole into a spout about 10 or 12 foot long, into another cooler filled as aforesaid and out of that, through a long spout into a third filled as aforesaid and out of that, in a long spout into a Butt laid under the end of this spout, which being full, the hole of the Cooler, next the Butt is stopt till another Butt is laid under, and then the plugg being taken out, it filleth another, till we have done boyling: Then we fill up our Oyles, when they are thoroughly cold, and marke them and roule them into the water, rafting 20 together, and so tow them aboard, hoyst them into our ships, and stow them to bring them home.

And for our Finns, which grow in two Gumms in the whales mouth (whereof in a whales mouth, great and small are about 600, 460 whereof being merchandable) we cut them one by one out of the gumms and having rubb'd them clean we bind them up 60 in a bundle, and so taking account of them ship them aboard in our Long-boat.

Upon the shoar we have a Tent for our Land-men, built of stone, and covered

* The description applies to the English settlement at Bell sound, and should be compared with Pellham's description of the same place. The illustration reproduced herewith from Gray's paper (p. 312), is evidently a rough representation of the Bell sound "tents," which, however, were much larger than here depicted. I have been unable to learn whether any remains of the foundations of these buildings can still be traced. They are to be looked for on the west shore of Recherche bay, in the flat ground between Fox point and Fox glacier. Perhaps some of the many tourists who now visit Recherche bay, with a few hours to spare there, would search for foundations, and let me know if they find any.

with Deals, and Cabbins made therein for our Blubber-men to lodge; And we have a great Working-tent with a Lodging-room over it, where, about 6 Coopers work, to get ready Cask to put the Oyle into.

p. 308 has a drawing inset.

p. 312 contains 4 drawings.

MEMORIAL TO DR. LIVINGSTONE.

It has long been felt desirable, by the many admirers of Dr. Livingstone, that the spot on which the great traveller breathed his last should be permanently marked by a suitable memorial. When, on the discovery by Mr. Weatherley of the precarious condition of the

tree which marked the locality, it was decided by the Royal Geographical Society to take steps to secure the section of the tree bearing the commemorative inscription for safe-keeping in this country, it was hoped that arrangements might also be made for the worthy

commemoration of a spot to which, in the eyes of Englishmen, an almost sacred character attaches. At the same time a movement had been set on foot, and funds raised, among residents in Nyasaland and others, with the support of Sir H. M. Stanley, for the furtherance of a similar object, and it was found possible to concentrate the efforts of all interested on a single scheme by the formation of a joint committee, representing our Society and the other body of sympathizers. The labours of this committee have, we are glad to announce, led to a

satisfactory result, all the arrangements having been made for carrying out the design.

It has been decided that the memorial shall take the form of an obelisk, 20 feet high, surmounted by a cross. In the absence of suitable stone in the region in question, the material chosen is the best concrete, which, it is thought, will be the most satisfactory from the point of view of durability. It will be taken out in 450 air-tight cylinders, each of 50 lbs. weight. Moulds, of oak with metal lining, have been prepared

for the formation of the blocks, of which over 300 will be used. Tablets, in blackened bronze, will be embedded in the blocks as moulded.

IN MEMORIAS

ERECTED
BY HIS FRIENDS

TO THE MEMORVO
D DAVID LIVINGSTOND

MISSIONARY EXPLORER

ME DIED HERE
MAY 4 1873

SKETCH OF THE MEMORIAL TO BE ERECTED TO LIVINGSTONE ON THE SITE OF THE TREE.

Two of these, placed on opposite sides of the monument, will bear the following inscription: "Erected by his Friends to the Memory of Dr. David Livingstone, Missionary and Explorer. He died here, May 4, 1873.”