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Clarence, duke, see William Henry.

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Clinton, general, campaign in South Carolina, and siege of Charleston, i. 469, 466.
Expedition of, up the north river, 517. Appointed commander in chief, 571. Eva-
cuates Philadelphia, 573. March through the Jerseys, with the battle of Freehold
court-house, ibid and 174. (1779.) Carries on a war of detachments, 611, 612.
Expedition against Charleston, 647. Strength, siege, and capture of that town, to
650. Returns to New-York, ibid. Operations at New-York, 656 to 658. Over-
reached by Washington, 712. Attempts to relieve Cornwallis, 714 Too late, ibid.
Resigns the command, 739.

Clive, account of, i. 134. Achievements of, ibid. Receives the command of the Bri
tish, 135. Campaign 1757 of, begins, ibid. Ends, 137. Battle of Plassey, and
revolution of Bengal, ibid. Deposes Dowla, and makes Jaftier viceroy, ibid. Lord,
returns to India, 251. Restores peace, ibid. And obtains to the English an annual
revenue of one million, seven hundred thousand pounds, ibid. Defends himself
from attacks in parliament, 334, Inquiry into his conduct, 350. Terminated, 351.
Clootz, Anarcharsis, heads an embassy from the whole human race, ii. 313. Freach-
cs atheism on the scaffold, 509. And dies blaspheming his God, ibid.
Coghlan, lieutenant, heroic enterprise of, ii.716.

Commerce and navigation, English, founded by Alfred, i. 13. Promoted by the
Danes, ibid. Advances of, under Edward III. 16.
4. Promoted by Henry IV. 17.
Repressed by the civil wars, 18. Begins to flourish under Henry VII. 21. Ad-
vances under Henry VIII. 25, 26. Under Edward VI. 32. Under Elizabeth, 34.
Voyages of trade and discovery, ibid and 35. Commercial companies, 37. East
India, ibid. Under James, trade flourishes, 41, Plantation of colonies, 42 Ady
vances under Charles 1. 48. And the protectorate, 49. Advances ol, under Charles
and James, 529 Under William, 61 Under Anne, 73. Principles of political
economy not thoroughly understood, 74. Commerce, British, in connexion with
finance and funds-Enthusiasm of avarice. 20. South Sea bubble, ibid. Rapid
advances of trade notwithstanding, under George, and his minister Walpole, 81.
Advances of, under Mr. Pelham, 91. Increased by suocessful war, 152 Measures
of Mr. Grenville for the promotion of trade and revenue, 216. Measures for the
suppression of smuggling, 217.. Principles and system of British colonization fa
vourable to trade, 226. Commerce injured by the disputes with America, 239.
Influence of our acquisitions in Hindostan, 253, With America, revives, 319
Mercantile failures 343. Change of mercantile character, ibid and 344. Cap
ture of the mercantile fleets, 646 Revival of trade with America, 774. Rapid
increase of, in Britain, after the peace, ii, 48. „Unprecedented prosperity, 257. Ra
pid increase, 367, you cum te veg i
Congress, general, of America, first meeting and acts, begins, i. 388. End, 392, Se-
cond meeting and effects, 426, 427. Proceedings of and effects, 466–471.
Conway, general, opposes the amp act, i. 227. Secretary of state, 235, Plan of
conciliation with America, 629. His motion for terminating the American war,

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720.
Cook, James, liedtenant, lands the troops for ascending the heights of Abraham,
i. 124. Heads an expedition of discovery and science, 234,›
Cooper, sir Grey, character of, i. 397.: je jadhiejuta thad lon

Coote, sir Eyre, commands in the Carnatic.i. 689. Successive victories, 600, 691.
Battle of Porto Novo, ibid. Splendid und decisive event, 692. Campaign, 1782,
746, 747. Victory at Redhill, ibid... Complete success of, ikid... Death, 740. The
"military saviour of India, ibid. › 32 1 Ben 37 379 2, as 16

Cordeliers, French party. See Frances.

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Cornwallis, successes of, in the Jerseys, i. 481. Ordered to retire into winter quarters,
483. Distinguishes himself at Charleston, 650. Left in Carolina, ibid. Wise ad.

ministration of, i. 651. Obliged to take the field, ibid. Battle of Camden, 652. De
cisive victory, ibid. Marches towards Virginia, 708. Battle of Guildford, 709
British victorious, with considerable loss, 710. Enters Virginia, 712. Is surround-
ed, 713. Expect succours from Clinton, ibid. Skilful and gallant defence, 714,
Receiving no assistance, he is forced to surrender, ibid. And capitulates on ho
nourable terms, ibid. Governor-general and commander in chief of India, ii. 369.
Invades Mysore, ibid. Dictates peace to Tippoo, 371. Generous conduct of, ibid.
Appointed viceroy of Ireland, 826.

Cornwallis, admiral, battle with the French, ii. 539.

Corresponding society, formation of, ii. 361. Proceedings of, 472. Meeting at Chalk
farm, ibid. Plan of national convention, 473. Ringleaders arrested and papers
seized, ibid.

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Corsica, gallant resistance of, against the French, i. 298, 299. Captured by the En-
glish, ii. 506.

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Courtenay, John, esq. member of the North party, i. 766, and satire of, 791.
Craftsman, character, scope, and effects of, i. 86, 87.

Cumberland, William Augustus, duke of, commands in Germany, i. 118. Resigns
his command, 119. Death, 236. And character, ibid. Eminent for private vir-
tues, 237.

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Henry Frederic, duke of, his majesty's brother. Marriage, i. 332.

D.

DALTON, general, minister of Joseph's tyranny, ii. 221–225. Drives the Nether-
lands to revolt, 226, 227. Obliged to leave the Low Countries, 228...

Darby, admiral, endeavours to bring a superior fleet to battle, i. 698. Which they
wisely e!úde, ibid.

Dempster, Mr. character of, i. 398.

Denmark. See Matilda. New revolution in, ii. 68. Dispute with Britain about the
rights of neutral ships, 722. See Northern powers.”

Dessaix, general, joins Bonaparte at Marengo, ii. 712.

Devonshire, the beautiful duchess of, active and successful canvass of, in favour of
Mr. Fox, ii. 4.

Dickson, colonel of the 42d, wounded in Egypt, ii. 740. n.

Digby, admiral, commands in a fleet for the relief of Gibraltar, i. 695. Attempt}
the relief of Cornwallis, 714. But too late, ibid.

Dissenters, apply to parliament for relief, i. 330. Through air Henry Houghton, ibid,
Apply for the repeal of the test act, ii. 83. Their attempts to gain the favour of the
public, 84. The application is rejected, 87) New motion for the repeal of the test
act, 188. Fresh application, 281. Favourable circumstances, ibid. Their cause
is undertaken by Fox, 283. But is unsuccessful, 285. -
Dowdsewell, chancellor of the exchequer, i. 235.

Drake, sir Francis, voyage and achievements of, i. 34, 35.

Dumourier, the French general, saccesses of, ii. 396. Invades Holland, 484. Pro-
gress, ibid. Evacuates the Netherlands, 436. Leaves the French, 439.*
Duncan, admiral, brilliant and important victory at Camperdown, over the Dutch,
- ii. 602, 603.

Dundas, Henry, parliamentary-character of, i. 397. Chairsnart of a committee for
investigating India affairs, 682. Speech on the attempted removal of ministers,
721. Able and indefatigable exertions of, in the investigation of India affairs, 730.
Result, ibid. His comprehensive view of the country and political characters, 766.
Conceives Mr. Pitt to be the man destined for saving his country, abid His far
ther investigation of India affairs, 777, 778, This exumminution first displayed the

force and extent of his talents, i.779. Proposes a bill for the regulation of British
India, 778. His opinion of the duty of a member of parliament, i. 779. Opposes
Fox's East India bill. See Parliament., Procures the restoration of the forfeited
estates, ii. 15. Bill for improving the government of British India, 63. Presents
a view of the financial state of India, 104. India finance. See Parliament. Bill
for facilitating wages and prize money to seamen, 367, State of India under his
direction, 368. View of Indian prosperity on the established system, 428. He pro-
poses its continuance, and the renewal of the charter. See Parliament. Speech of,
in defence of the Scottish criminal law, 471. Plan of national defence, 617. Pro-
duces voluntary associations, ibid. Supports union with Ireland, 649. Demon-
strates the beneficial effects of union with Scotland, ibid and 650. Character of his
administration, 730.

Dundas, Robert, lord advocate of Scotland, nephew to Henry, able speech of, on the
criminal law of Scotland, ii. 469. Defence of the Scottish judges, 470.

7, general, one of the commanders in Holland, praised by the duke of York,

ii. 666.
Dunning, Mr. opposes ministry, i. 306. His opinion on libels, 321. Parliamentary
character of, 398. His part of the attack on ministers, 620. Motion of, concern-
ing the influence of the crown, 628. Created lord Ashburton, 724.

E.

EDEN, William, a commissioner for negotiation with America, i. 356. Propositions
in favour of Ireland, 725. Negotiates and concludes the commercial treaty, iï: 75.
Created lord Auckland. Negotiation with Dumourier, 415. Bill for the prevention
of adultery, 704.

Edinburgh, voluntarily raises a regiment, i. 550.

Edward 1. king of England, see England.

Egremont, appointed secretary of state, i. 172. Able answer to the Spanish manifes
10, 176.

Egypt,

expedition to. See Bonaparte, Kleber, and Menou, British expedi

tion der Abercrombie and Keith, ii. 737. Arrives at Marmorice, 738. Pro

ceeds to Egypt, ibid, Landing, 739. Formidable force and obstacles, ibid. Battle
and victory, ibid. Battle of the 13th of March, 741. Night attack by the French,
bid. Tremendous dangers, 742. Bonaparte's Invincibles conquered, ibid. And
standard taken, ibid. British heroism triumphant, ibid. Loss of their gallant com-
mander, 743. And other distinguished officers, 744. Arduous difficulties of the
march to Cairo, 746. Patient fortitude of the army, ibid. Justice of our troops.
British soldiers, not robbers, ibid. Reduction of Cairo, 747. Of Alexandris, 745.
Complete success of the expedition, 749. Leaves a lesson to the enemies of Bri
tain, ibid.

Elder, Mr. lord provost of Edinburgh, activity of, in dispersing the convention, iš.
463. n.

Elliot, captain, captures Thurot, i. 131.

sir Gilbert, character of, i. 397. Charges against sir Elijah Impey, i. 140.
general, defence of Gibraltar, i 697. Masterly dispositions, ind, Sally ef
Nov. 27th, ibid. Completely destroys the preparations of the enemy, ibid. Second
attack, 753. Numerous and formidable force, and extraordinary machinery of the
enemy, 754. Invention of red-hot balls, ibid. Entirely destroys their preparations,
ibid. and 755.
Elphinstone, Keith, captain, distinguishes himself at Charleston, i. 650. Made admi-
ral, reduces the cape of Good Hope, ii. 540. Cuptures seven Dutch ships of the
Tine, 577. Becomes lord Keith. Blockades, 709. Attempt of, on Cadr, 116, 717,

Expedition to Egypt, ii. 737. Disconcerts Gantheaume, 747. Efforts before Alexan-
dria, 749.

———, captain Charles, gallant exploit of, ii. 747. n. Another captain Charles,
naval reputation, 748, n.

England, little intercourse with southern Europe before the Norman conquest, i. 13.
Effect of the conquest on her laws, constitution, and manners, 14. Intercourse with
continental Europe, ibid and 15. Origin of wars between her and France, ibid. See
her several kings. Edward I. establishes a complete system of jurisprudence, ibid.
Edward III. discovers the importance of manufactures and commerce, 16. And di-
rects the genius of the English to those objects, ibid. England under him imbibes
a spirit of hostility against France, ibid. And acquires considerable influence in
the affairs of the continent, ibid. Henry IV. promotes national prosperity, 17.
Force and importance of the country, under Henry V. ibid. Civil wars impede the
arts and civilization, 18. Institutions of England favourable to the maintenance of
Jiberty, 19, 20. Henry VII. reduces the feudal aristocracy, ibid. And promotes nau-
tical and commercial adventure, 21 Result of Henry's reign on the constitution
and character of the people, 24. Henry VIII. under him the interests of England
become more involved with those of the continent, 26. His continental policy, ibid
Vigorous, but unwise, 27. Principle of English interference in foreign affairs, 28.
Henry holds the balance of Europe, ibid. Displays the strength of England, but
not judiciously, 29. Reformation, ibid. Effects of, on the commercial, political,
and moral character of Englishmen, 31. Edward VI. promotes commerce and na-
vigation, 32. Establishes a moderate and judicious reformation, 33. Mary for
bad purposes admits good laws, ibid. Elizabeth promotes trade and navigation,
ibid. Forms an English navy, 34. See Commerce and Navigation. Her wise in-
ternal policy, 36. In arduous circunstances preserves England, 38. And first ren
ders her mistress of the ocean, ibid. England, under Elizabeth, first attains the
character of protector of Europe, 39. Her wars seek only security, ibid. Wise
moderation of ecclesiastical reform, ibid. 40. This reign, though not immediately,
eventually friendly to liberty, ibid. Result of this glorious reign, 41. James I. pa-
cific character, ibid. Raises commerce to an unprecedented height, ibid, 42. See
Commerce and American Colonies. Judicious settlement of Ireland, 43. Continen
tal policy, ibid. Internal government, speculatively arbitrary, without being prac-
tically tyrannical, 44. Growing spirit of liberty among the commons, ibid. They
ascertain their rights, 45. Progress of the contest between Charles I. and the com-
mons, ibid to 47. Noble efforts of Hampden, ibid. Spirit of freedom becomes ex-
cessive, 47. Degenerates into Democracy, ibid. Terminates in regicide and mili
tary despotism, 48. See Commerce and American Colonies. Continental policy of
Oliver Cromwell, 51. Vigorous but unwise, ibid. Literature and science, ibid.
Arbitrary conduct of Charles II. 53. Rouses parliament to salutary laws, and the
Important improvement of the constitution, ibid. Whigs, ibid.
ly and infatuation of his conduct, 56. Revolution, ibid.
and navigation under Charles and James, see Commerce.
confederacy against France, for the security of Europe, ibid.
navy, 57. England the most efficient foe of French encroachment, ibid. Finance,
59. Establishment of the bank, ibid. Funding system, ibid to 61. Progress of
commerce, see commerce. The grand source of English prosperity, the constitution,
64. Parties, whigs, jacobites, and tories, 65. Anne attached to tories, but em-
ploys' whigs, 66. Victories under Marlborough, ibid, to 68. Whigs zealously sup
port the protestant succession, 72. Union between England and Scotland, ibid.
Henceforth for England, see Britain.

James II. 55. Fol-
Progress of commerce
William III. forms a
Crushes the French

Erskine, Mr. joins the party of Mr. Fox, i. 766. Supports the freedom of the press,
ii. 330. Defence of Hardy, 513. Equals Cicero in judicial eloquence, ibid. Op-

poses the treason and sedition bill, ii. 550. His view of the causes and consequences'
of the war, 585.

Estaing 'D, operations of, on the coast of America, i. 574 to 578. Operations of, In
the West Indies, 604, 605. Siege of Savannah, 610. Insolent bravadoes, ibid.
Totally discomfited, 611.

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FERDINAND, prince of Branswick, commands the allies in Germany, i. 140. Gains
the battle of Minden, 142. Further operations, 143. And successes, 161 and 101.
Fergusson, major Patrick, invents a new species of rifle, i. 512. Distinguishes himself
at Charleston, 650. Made colonel, expedition, exploits, fate, character, 653 to 656.
Dr. Adam, character of, his philosophy, i. 533. Secretary to the com-
missioners sent to America, 556.
→→→, George, brother to colonel Patrick, governor of Tobago, i. 705. Kind
and judicious treatment of negroes, ibid. Gallant and able defence of Tobago, ibid.
Fitzwilliam, earl of, viceroy of Ireland, ii. 529. Misunderstanding with ministers,
ibid. Is recalled, ibid. Opposes peace with republican France, 580.,

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- Flood, Mr. proposition of parliamentary reform, ii, 285.
Fox, Charles Jumes, enters parliament, i. 294. n. Opposes the coercive laws against
America, 371. Parliamentary character of, 398. Describes the inspiring effects
of liberty, 408, Proposed inquiry into the war, 457. Proposes an inquiry into the
state of the nation, 544. Which is partially granted, 545. Progress and result,
551, 552. Inquiry into the state of the navy, 558. Into the conduct of the war,
659. Motion of, for censuring lord Sandwich, 594. For removing the same, 596.
His part of the attack on ministers, 620. Speech of, on the influence of the crown,
629. Chosen member for Westminster, 670. Attacks the administration of lord
Sandwich, 678, 679. Heads a general attack against administration, 719. Mo-
tions by hime or under his auspices, to 722. Effects his purpose, ibid, Appointed
secretary of state, 724. Plan of the administration which he heads, ibid. Offers
peace to the Dutch, 728. And Americans, ibid. Resigns, ibid. His account of
the reasons of his resignation, 729. Details the reasons of his conduct, 768. Coali -
tion with lord North, 770 to 772, His grand view of public-credit, ibid. Made se-
cretary of state, 724. Constituents and strength of his party, 784, His East India
bill See Parliament, for discussion. Unpopular, 792. Alleged to be disagreeable to
his majesty, ibid. Reputed interference, see Temple. Character of his India bill,
794,795. Its author becomes extremely unpopular, 796. Impartial estimate of this
scheme, to 799. Short sketch of Mr. Fox's character and conduct, 800, Classes
hostile to him, 802 Contest for Westminster, ii, 3, 4. His views of continenza!
alliance, 51. Opens a chargé against, Hastings for his proceedings towards Cheyt
Sing, 621. His opinion of the means of supplying the deficiency from the illness of
the king, 169. Contest with Mr. Pitt thereon, ibid. Determined againn Mr. Fox,
173. Praises the French revolution, 276. His speech for the repeal of the test
act, 283. - Contest of, with Horne Tooke for Westminster, 317. His efforts to pre-
twent-war with Russia, 323, Altercation with Burke on the French revolution,
325 Final separation, 326% Motion of, concerning the law of libels, 329. Sup-
ports the abolition of the slave trade, 335, - Real difference between, and Burke, on
the revolution, 373. View of the war with France, 417. He predicts it will be
• unsuccessful, 421. Arguments of, against the continuance of the war, 463, Pre-
dicts the dissolution of the confederacy, 466. Denies the alleged acts of the re-
:formists to amount to treason, 476, Reprobates the treason and sedition bills, 249
Speech on that subject, ibid. Speech of, on the failure of the first negotiation, 335.
Far, Henry, father to the former, resigns administration, i 114, Vigorous talents of,
*178. But yields to his inferiors, ibid.

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