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In the destroyer category not more than 16 percent of the allowed total tonnage shall be employed in vessels of over 1,500 tons standard displacement. Destroyers completed or under construction on Apr. 1, 1930, in excess of this percentage may be retained, but no other destroyers exceeding 1,500 tons standard displacement shall be constructed or acquired until a reduction to such 16 percent has been effected. (Japan had 24 destroyers over 1,500 tons each; total tonnage, 40,800. 1 of these destroyers has since been sunk, now giving her 23, tonnage 39,100.)

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Also see Note (A) under Cruisers, subcategory (6).

TABLE II. Effects on warship tonnage of Washington and 1930 London Treaty allowances of Great Britain, Japan, and United States, resulting from invocation of art. 21 of the 1930 London Treaty

Excess tonnage retained

Increases

permitted due to invocation of

Art. 21

Great Britain:

Cruisers (b), 20.270 (cruisers (a) and (b) combined)-Invoked art. 21 Dec. 23, 1936).
Destroyers, 40,000 (invoked art. 21 July 15, 1936).

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Tons
120, 270
40,000
15, 598

1 12, 488 1 28, 133 115, 598

120, 270

1 40,000

115, 598

1 Subcategories (a) and (b) combined in figuring additional cruiser (b) tonnage permitted to be retained. NOTE-Art. 21 provides that any signatory, considering national security materially affected by new construction of a nonsignatory, may, with due notification to other signatories, increase tonnage within 1 or more categories. Other signatories may then make proportionate increases in these categories specifed. Art. 17 permits a transfer, not exceeding 10 percent of the allowed tonnage into which the transfer is to be made, between cruisers of subcategory (b) and destroyers.

TABLE III.-Brief résumé of new naval treaty signed March 25, 1936

Signatory powers.-United States, France, and British empire. Open to accession by other signers of the London Treaty.

Effective. From July 29, 1937, to December 31, 1942. Bilateral agreement between Great Britain, Germany, and Russia, signed on July 17 and effective when ratified, on November 4, 1937.

Capital ships:

DEFINITIONS OF CATEGORIES

(a) Over 10,000 tons or more than 8-inch gun (not aircraft carriers or capital ships (b)).

(b) Not over 8,000 tons and more than 8-inch gun (not aircraft carriers). Aircraft carriers: For carrying or operating aircraft at sea.

(a) With flight deck.

(b) Without flight deck.

Light surface vessels:

Not aircraft carriers, minor war, or auxiliary vessels.

Over 100 tons and not over 10,000 tons, and with no gun over 8 inches, divided into

(a) Gun over 6.1 inches.

(b) No gun over 6.1 inches and over 3,000 tons.

(c) No gun over 6.1 inches and not over 3,000 tons.

Submarines: Under-surface vessels.

Minor war vessels:

Over 100 tons and not over 2,000 tons, provided do not have—

(a) Gun over 6.1 inches.

(b) Torpedoes.

(c) over 20 knots speed.

Auxiliary vessels:

Over 100 tons, not fighting ships, provided do not have

1. Gun over 6.1 inches.

2. Over eight guns over 3 inches.

3. Torpedoes.

4. Armor plate.

5. Over 28 knots speed.

6. Operating aircraft.

7. Over two catapults.

Small craft: Not over 100 tons.

OVER-AGE VESSELS

Over-age when the following number of years elapsed since completion:
Capital ships, 26 years.

Aircraft carriers, 20 years.

Light surface vessels:

(a) and (b), 20 years, if laid down in 1920 or afterwards; 16 years, if laid down before January 1, 1920.

(c), 16 years.

Submarines, 13 years.

LIMITATIONS ON DISPLACEMENT AND ARMAMENT

Capital ships:

None over 35,000 tons.

None with gun over 14 inches (16 inches if United States, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy fail to agree to 14 inches by April 1, 1937). None less than 17,500 tons before 1943.

None with gun less than 10 inches before 1943.

Aircraft carriers:

None over 23.000 tons, or with a gun over 6.1 inches.

None with over 10 guns exceeding 5.25 inches.

Light surface vessels:

No light surface vessel (a) before 1943.

No light surface vessel (b) over 8,000 tons before 1943.

NOTE. See Escalator clause under "Safeguarding and escape clauses" for exception to above.

Submarines: No submarine over 2,000 tons, or with a gun over 5.1 inches. Merchant ships: No peacetime preparation of merchant ships for armament except stiffening of decks for mounting guns not exceeding 6.1 inches. Vessels already laid down in excess of above limitations; or which were converted to target use, or retained for experimental or training purposes under provisions of previous treaties, shall retain the category or designation given them before this treaty becomes effective.

If present caliber of guns of any ship exceeds above limitations, after effective date of this treaty, it may not be rearmed with guns of greater caliber.

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADVANCE NOTIFICATION AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION Provisions covering exchange of information on: Annual ship construction program; modernization and alterations to ship; ships disposed of.

SAFEGUARDING AND ESCAPE CLAUSES

May not dispose of any vessel of war to any foreign navy by gift, sale, or any mode of transfer for use as a vessel of war.

Right of replacement of a vessel in case of loss before over age.

Escalator clause.-Permits construction of light surface vessels if security is affected by construction of light surface vessels by any other power. Notification required. Each of the other powers then have the same right.

Any contracting party engaged in war may suspend obligations of treaty provided he notify other contracting parties of the circumstances, obligations necessary to suspend, etc.

Release from limitations on displacement and armament permitted in event of nonconformity by a nontreaty power with such restrictions.

If, in opinion of any contracting power, a change of circumstances affects their national security, such power has right to depart from their declared program of construction. Shall notify other powers of circumstances, etc.

Number of combatant shipa in full commisaton or fully manned on Nov. 1, 1987

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1 Age as of Dec. 31, 1937.

Does not include 3 capital ships in commission but not fully manned. Does not include 4 capital ships and 3 cruisers being modernized, also 1 capital ship in reserve. Does not include the Hiyei.

Includes Yorktown in commission but not fully completed.

• Includes 5 over-age cruisers (a) which were special ships not subject to limitation under the 1930 London Treaty. Includes the following over-age ships which the Japanese Government announced would be disposed of in order that the total tonnages of completed ships would not exceed the 1930 London Treaty allowances at the end of 1936 as prescribed in that treaty: Cruisers (b): Yakagi and Hirado; destroyers; 2 disposed of by converting to target use, 1 by converting to experimental use; submarines: 1 disposed of by converting to target use; I disposed of by converting to experimental use. Includes Philadelphia and Brooklyn in commission but not fully completed.

Includes Selfridge in commission but not fully completed.

Includes Blue, Henley, Mugford, Gridley, Dunlap, Bagley, Craven, and Patterson in commission but not fully completed; also includes 4 over-age light minelayers; but excludes 13 10 Includes Pompano in commission but not fully completed.

destroyers in commission but not fully manned.

TORPEDO STATION, ALEXANDRIA, VA.

Mr. FERNANDEZ. Admiral, I notice in the estimates it is proposed to rehabilitate the naval torpedo station at Alexandria, Va., as it develops that the Newport Station is incapable of building and supplying all of the necessary torpedoes for the fleet and the air force, and of modernizing obsolete torpedoes. In that connection I notice that the Bureau of Ordnance sends down an estimate of $1,277,000 for retooling at the naval station at Alexandria.

NAVAL STATION AT ALGIERS, LA.

It would seem to me that the New Orleans Naval Station at Algiers might very well be utilized to handle this extra load. As you know, we have quite a plant down there in which the Government has a first cost investment of $4,669,941. There are quarters available for Navy personnel, which in itself would be a saving. They have plants and shops for doing all kinds of work, and numerous store buildings, and the property is all fenced. The station was closed in 1921, and since then the expenditures for maintenance have run as high as $547,000 a year. The last figure I have is $86,588 for the fiscal year 1936. Admiral Smith testified last year that the plant had been kept up and was in a good state of repair. I should like to know why Algiers was not considered in connection with this new plant?

Admiral LEAHY. I am unable to reply accurately, Mr. Fernandez, as to whether or not Algiers was seriously considered for a torpedobuilding plant. The plant at Alexandria was constructed as a torpedo plant. It was used during the World War to build torpedoes. It is partially equipped now to build torpedoes. All of the tools and all of the arrangements for torpedo building are special, as is also the labor. The men who build torpedoes are specialists in that kind of machine work.

The naval gun factory in Washington has men who are skilled in torpedo work. Part of the work will be done in the Navy Yard at Washington, and the Bureau of Ordnance, which is definitely charged with this responsibility, informs me that utilizing the plant which we have at Alexandria is much cheaper and much better from every point of view.

I am not prepared to say that Algiers could not be used for that purpose, but I would suggest that you get definite information from the Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, who is much better qualified than I am to give you details in regard thereto.

Mr. FERNANDEZ. Why could we not use the Algiers Naval Station as a repair plant, for the repair of the lighter vessels, like the torpedo boat destroyers or submarines? Here you have a nearly $5,000,000 investment, and you are spending as high as $547,000 a year down there. It seems to me that the Department should at least do some repair work there. They have a drydock down there that is in firstclass condition.

Admiral LEAHY. I have no doubt that it could be utilized for work on smaller ships if there was need for additional facilities for that work on the Atlantic coast. At the present time we have a great many more facilities for repair work on the Atlantic coast than we

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