the amount available for allotment as the number of school age children (aged 5 to 12, inclusive) in each such State bears to the total number of such children in all the States, as determined by the Commissioner on the basis of the most recent satisfactory data available to him. The allotment of a State which would be less than $50,000 under the preceding sentence shall be increased to $50,000, and the total of the increases thereby required shall be derived by proportionately reducing the allotments to the remaining States under the preceding sentence, but with such adjustments as may be necessary to prevent the allotments to any such remaining States from being reduced to less than $50,000. (2) For the purpose of this section the term "State" includes the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(b) Reallotment.

The amount allotted to any State under subsection (a) of this section for any fiscal year which the Commissioner determines will not be required for that year shall be available for reallotment from time to time, on such dates during that year as the Commissioner may fix, to other States in proportion to the amounts originally allotted among those States under subsection (a) of this section for that year, but with the proportionate amount for any of the other States being reduced to the extent it exceeds the sum the Commissioner estimates the local educational agencies of such State need and will be able to use for that year; and the total of these reductions shall be similarly reallotted among the States whose proportionate amounts were not so reduced. Any amount reallotted to a State under this subsection from funds appropriated pursuant to section 1982 of this title for any fiscal year shall be deemed part of the amount allotted to it under subsection (a) of this section for that year. (Pub. L. 93–380, title VII, § 713, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 591.)

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 1944 of this title.

§ 1944. Grants for State reading improvement programs.

(a) Agreements with State educational agencies; terms and conditions.

Any State which desires to receive grants under this subchapter shall, through its State educational agency, enter into an agreement with the Commissioner, in such detail as the Commissioner deems necessary, which

(1) designates the State educational agency as the sole agency for administration of the agreement;

(2) provides for the establishment of a State advisory council on reading, appointed by the State educational agency, which shall be broadly representative of the educational resources of the State and of the general public, including persons representative of—

(A) public and private nonprofit elementary school children, and

(B) institutions of higher education,

(C) parents of elementary school children, and

(D) areas of professional competence relating to instruction in reading,

to advise the State educational agency on the formulation of a standard of excellence for reading programs in the elementary schools and on the preparation of, and policy matters arising in the administration of, the agreement (including the criteria for approval of applications for assistance under such agreement) and in the evaluation of results of the program carried out pursuant to the agreement;

(3) describes the reading programs in elementary schools for which assistance is sought under this subchapter and procedures for giving priority to reading programs which are already receiving Federal financial assistance and show reasonable promise of achieving success;

(4) sets forth procedures for the submission of applications by local educational agencies within that State, including procedures for an adequate description of the reading programs for which assistance is sought under this subchapter;

(5) sets forth criteria for achieving an equitable distribution of that part of the assistance under this subchapter which is made available to local educational agencies pursuant to the second sentence of subsection (b) of this section, which criteria shall

(A) take into account the size of the population to be served, beginning with preschool, the relative needs of pupils in different population groups within the State for the program authorized by this chapter, and the financial ability of the local educational agency serving such pupils,

(B) assure that such distribution shall include grants to local educational agencies having high concentrations of children with low reading proficiency, and

(C) assure an equitable distribution of funds among urban and rural areas;

(6) sets forth criteria for the selection or designation and training of personnel (such as reading specialists and administrators of reading programs) engaged in programs assisted under this subchapter, including training for private elementary school personnel, which shall include qualifications acceptable for such personnel;

(7) provides for the coordination and evaluation of programs assisted under this subchapter; (8) provides for technical assistance and support services for local educational agencies participating in the program;

(9) makes provision for the dissemination to the educational community and the general public of information about the objectives of the program and results achieved in the course of its implementation;

(10) provides for making an annual report and such other reports, in such form and containing such information, as the Commissioner may reasonably require to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and to carry out his other functions under this chapter;

(11) provides that not more than 5 per centum of the amount allotted to the State under section

1943 of this title for any fiscal year may be retained by the State educational agency for purposes of administering the agreement; and

(12) provides that programs assisted under this subchapter shall be of sufficient size, scope, and quality so as to give reasonable promise of substantial progress toward achieving the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Agencies and institutions eligible for grants; minimum amounts for local educational agencies. Grants for projects to carry out the purposes of this subchapter may be made to local educational agencies (subject to the provision of subsection (e) of this section relating to the participation of private elementary and secondary school pupils), institutions of higher education, and other public and nonprofit private agencies and institutions. Not less than 60 per centum of the amount allotted to a State under section 1943 of this title for any fiscal year shall be made available by the State for grants to local educational agencies within that State. (c) Agreement of Commissioner and State.

The Commissioner shall enter into an agreement which complies with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section with any State which desires to enter into such an agreement.

(d) Final action of Commissioner; judicial review.

The Commissioner's final action with respect to entering into an agreement under subsection (a) of this section shall be subject to the provisions of section 827 of this title, relating to judicial review. (e) Private elementary and secondary schools; participation of enrolled children in State reading improvement programs.

The provisions of section 241e-1 of this title relating to the participation of children enrolled in private elementary and secondary schools shall apply to programs assisted under this subchapter. (Pub. L. 93-380, title VII, § 714, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 592.)

SUBCHAPTER III.-OTHER READING

IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS

§ 1961. Special emphasis projects.

(a) Contracts for intensive reading instruction in school and vacation reading programs for elementary school children with reading problems; authorization of Commissioner.

The Commissioner is authorized to contract with local educational agencies for special emphasis projects to determine the effectiveness of intensive instruction by reading specialists and reading teachers. Each such project should provide for

(1) the teaching of reading by a reading specialist for all children in the first and second grades of an elementary school and the teaching of reading by a reading specialist for elementary school children in grades three through six who have reading problems; and

(2) an intensive vacation reading program for elementary school children who are found to be reading below the appropriate grade level or who are experiencing problems in learning to read.

(b) Applications to Commissioner; time; manner; information; assurances.

No contract may be entered into under this section unless upon an application made to the Commissioner at such time, in such manner, and including or accompanied by such information as he may reasonably require. Each such application shall provide assurances that

(1) the provisions of section 1921(b) of this title are met; and

(2) the State educational agency has certified that individuals employed as reading specialists and reading teachers meet the requirements of subsections (e) and (f) of this section.

(c) State approval of project.

No contract may be entered into under this section unless the project has been approved by the State educational agency.

(d) Districtwide project arrangements; authorization of Commissioner; conditions for priority to applications from local educational agencies.

The Commissioner is authorized to enter into at least one arrangement with a local educational agency for a districtwide project conducted in all schools of such agencies. In selecting the districtwide project, the Commissioner shall give priority to an application from a local educational agency if the Commissioner finds that—

(1) the local educational agency will give credit for any course to be developed for reading teachers or reading specialists under section 1962 of this title and will encourage participation by the teachers of such agency in the training;

(2) the local public educational television station will present or distribute, in the event supplementary noncommercial telecommunication is utilized, any course to be developed under section 1962 of this title at an hour convenient for the viewing by elementary school teachers, and, if possible, at a time convenient for such teachers to take the course, as a group, at the elementary school where they teach; and

(3) the local educational agency will make arrangements with the appropriate officials of institutions of higher education to obtain academic credit for the completion of such a course.

(e) Use of reading teacher in lieu of reading specialist and regular elementary teacher in lieu of reading teacher.

In any project assisted under this section a reading teacher may be used in lieu of a reading specialist, if the Commissioner finds that the local educational agency participating in a reading emphasis project is unable to secure individuals who meet the requirements of a reading specialist and if such reading teacher is enrolled or will enroll in a program to become a reading specialist. A regular elementary teacher may be used in lieu of a reading teacher if the Commissioner finds that the local educational agency participating in a reading emphasis project is unable to secure individuals who meet the requirements of the reading teacher, and if such regular elementary teacher is enrolled or will enroll in a program to become a reading teacher.

(f) "Reading specialist" and "reading teacher" defined. For the purpose of this section and section 1962 of this title the term

(1) "reading specialist" means an individual who has a master's degree, with a major or specialty in reading, from an accredited institution of higher education and has successfully completed three years of teaching experience, which includes reading instruction, and

(2) "reading teacher" means an individual, with a bachelor's degree, who has successfully completed a minimum of twelve credit hours, or its equivalent, in courses of the teaching of reading at an accredited institution of higher education, and has successfully completed two years of teaching experience, which includes reading instruction.

(Pub. L. 93-380, title VII, § 721, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 594.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93-380, set out as a note under section 241b of this title.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 1982 of this title.

§ 1962. Reading training on public television. (a) Grants and contracts for courses and material for elementary school teachers with assignments as reading teachers or reading specialists; authorization of Commissioner.

The Commissioner is authorized, through grants or contracts, to enter into contractual arrangements with institutions of higher education, public or private agencies or organizations, and individuals for

(1) the preparation, production, evaluation, and distribution for use on public educational television stations of courses for elementary school teachers who are or intend to become reading teachers or reading specialists; and

(2) the preparation and distribution of informational and study course material to be used in conjunction with any such course.

(b) Consultation with specialists.

In carrying out the provisions of this section the Commissioner shall consult with recognized authorities in the field of reading, specialists in the use of the communications media for educational purposes, and with the State and local educational agencies participating in projects under this chapter. (Pub. L. 93-380, title VII, § 722, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 595.) EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93-380, set out as a note under section 241b of this title.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1961, 1982 of this title.

§ 1963. Reading academies.

(a) Grants and contracts for reading assistance and instruction; authorization of Commissioner. The Commissioner is authorized to make grants to and to enter into cointracts with State and local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, community organizations and other nonprofit

organizations, having the capacity to furnish reading assistance and instruction to youths and adults who do not otherwise receive such assistance and instruction.

(b) Assurance of facilities.

Grants made and contracts entered into under this section shall contain provisions to assure that such reading assistance and instruction will be provided in appropriate facilities to be known as "reading academies". (Pub. L. 93-380, title VII, § 723, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 595.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93-380, set out as a note under section 241b of this title.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 1982 of this title. SUBCHAPTER IV.-GENERAL PROVISIONS

§ 1981. Evaluation.

(a) Report to congressional committees; contents. The Commissioner shall submit an evaluation report to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare of the Senate and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives not later than March 31, in each fiscal year ending prior to fiscal year 1979. Each such report shall

(1) contain a statement of specific detailed objectives for the program assisted under the provisions of this chapter;

(2) include a statement of the effectiveness of the program in meeting the stated objectives, measured through the end of the preceding fiscal year;

(3) make recommendations with respect to any changes or additional legislation deemed necessary or desirable in carrying out the program;

(4) contain a list identifying the principal analyses and studies supporting the major conclusions and recommendations contained in the report; and

(5) contain an annual evaluation plan for the program through the ensuing fiscal year for which the budget was transmitted to Congress by the President, in accordance with section 11 of Title 31.

(b) Reservation of funds.

From the sums appropriated pursuant to section 1982 of this title for any fiscal year, the Commissioner may reserve such amount, not in excess of 1 per centum of such sums, as he deems necessary for evaluation, by the Commissioner or by public or private nonprofit agencies, of programs assisted under this chapter. (Pub. L. 93-380, title VII, § 731, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 596.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective on and after sixtieth day after Aug. 21, 1974, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93-380, set out as a note under section 241b of this title.

§ 1982. Authorization of appropriations.

(a) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of subchapter I and II of this chapter $30,000,000 for the fiscal year ending

June 30, 1975, $82,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, $88,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, and $93,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1978.

(b) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of section 1961 of this title, relating to special emphasis projects, $15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, and $25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 1977 and 1978.

(c) There are authorized to be appropriated for the purpose of carrying out section 1962 of this title, relating to reading training on public television, $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975. Sums appropriated pursuant to this subsection shall remain available for obligation and expenditure through the succeeding fiscal year.

(d) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of section 1963 of this title, relating to reading academies, $5,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, $7,500,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, and $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 1977 and 1978. (Pub. L. 93-380, title VII, § 732, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 596.)

because a special interest of the man from Independence in American history and a broad knowledge and understanding of the American political and economic system gained by study and experience in county and National Government culminated in the leadership of America remembered for the quality of his character, courage, and commonsense;

because of the desirability of encouraging young people to recognize and provide service in the highest and best traditions of the American political system at all levels of government, it is especially appropriate to honor former President Harry S Truman through the creation of a perpetual education scholarship program to develop increased opportunities for young Americans to prepare and pursue careers in public service.

(Pub. L. 93-642, § 2, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2276.) SHORT TITLE

Section 1 of Pub. L. 93-642 provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Act'."

§ 2002. Definitions.

As used in this chapter, the term

(1) "Board" means the Board of Trustees of the Harry S Truman Scholarship Foundation; (2) "Foundation" means the Harry S Truman Scholarship Foundation;

(3) "fund" means the Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Fund;

(4) "institution of higher education" means any such institution as defined by section 1141(a) of this title;

(5) "State" means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and, considered as a single entity, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; and

(6) "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Treasury.

(Pub. L. 93-642, § 3, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2276.)

§ 2003. Other federal memorials prohibited.

The Harry S Truman Scholarship Program as authorized by this chapter shall be the sole Federal memorial to President Harry S Truman. (Pub. L. 93-642, § 4, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2277.)

§ 2004. Harry S Truman Scholarship Foundation. (a) Establishment.

There is established, as an independent establishment of the executive branch of the United States Government, the Harry S Truman Scholarship Foundation.

(b) Board of Trustees; membership.

(1) The Foundation shall be subject to the supervision and direction of a Board of Trustees. The Board shall be composed of thirteen members, as follows:

(A) two Members of the Senate, one from each political party, to be appointed by the President of the Senate;

(B) two Members of the House of Representatives, one from each political party, to be appointed by the Speaker;

(C) eight members, not more than four of whom shall be of the same political party, to be appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, of whom one shall be a chief executive officer of a State, one a chief executive officer of a city or county, one a member of a Federal court, one a member of a State court, one a person active in postsecondary education, and three representatives of the general public; and (D) the Commissioner of Education or his designate, who shall serve ex officio as a member of the Board, but shall not be eligible to serve as Chairman.

(c) Term of office.

The term of office of each member of the Board shall be six years; except that (1) the members first taking office shall serve as designated by the President, four for terms of two years, five for terms of four years, and four for terms of six years, and (2) any member appointed to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the term for which his predecessor was appointed, and shall be appointed in the same manner as the original appointment for that vacancy was made.

(d) Compensation.

Members of the Board shall serve without pay, but shall be entitled to reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties. (Pub. L. 93-642, § 5, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2277.)

§ 2005. Truman scholars. (a) Basis for award.

The Foundation is authorized to award scholarships to persons who demonstrate outstanding potential for and who plan to pursue a career in public service. Award recipients shall be known as Truman scholars.

(b) Maximum period of award.

Scholarships under this chapter shall be awarded for such periods as the Foundation may prescribe but not to exceed four academic years.

(c) Recipient's choice of institution.

A student awarded a scholarship under this chapter may attend any institution of higher education offering courses of study, training, or other educational activities designed to prepare persons for a career in public service as determined pursuant to criteria established by the Foundation.

(d) Encouragement of recipient to pursue public service career.

Each student awarded a scholarship under this chapter must have indicated a serious intent to enter the public service upon the completion of his or her educational program. Each institution of higher education at which such a student is in attendance will make reasonable continuing efforts to encourage such a student to enter the public service upon completing his or her educational program. (Pub. L. 93-642, § 6, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2278.)

§ 2006. Selection of scholars.

(a) The Foundation is authorized, either directly or by contract, to provide for the conduct of a na

tionwide competition for the purpose of selecting Truman scholars.

(b) The Foundation shall adopt selection procedures which shall assure that at least one Truman scholar shall be selected each year from each State in which there is at least one resident applicant who meets the minimum criteria established by the Foundation. (Pub. L. 93-642, § 7, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2278.)

§ 2007. Stipends.

Each student awarded a scholarship under this chapter shall receive a stipend which shall not exceed the cost to such student for tuition, fees, books, room and board, or $5,000 whichever is less for each academic year of study. (Pub. L. 93-642, § 8, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2278.)

§ 2008. Scholarship conditions.

(a) A student awarded a scholarship under the provisions of this chapter shall continue to receive the payments provided in this chapter only during such periods as the Foundation finds that he or she is maintaining satisfactory proficiency and devoting full time to study or research designed to prepare him or her for a career in public service and is not otherwise engaging in gainful employment other than employment approved by the Foundation pursuant to regulation.

(b) The Foundation is authorized to require reports containing such information in such form and to be filed at such times as the Foundation determines to be necessary from any student awarded a scholarship under the provisions of this chapter. Such reports shall be accompanied by a certificate from an appropriate official at the institution of higher education, approved by the Foundation, stating that such student is making satisfactory progress in, and is devoting essentially full time to, study or research, except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) of this section. (Pub. L. 93-642, § 9, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2278.)

§ 2009. Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Trust Fund.

(a) Establishment.

There is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the Harry S Truman Memorial Scholarship Trust Fund. The fund shall consist of amounts appropriated to it by section 2013 of this title.

(b) Investment in interest bearing obligations.

It shall be the duty of the Secretary to invest in full the amounts appropriated to the fund. Such investments may be made only in interest-bearing obligations of the United States or in obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by the United States. For such purpose, such obligations may be acquired (1) on original issue at the issue price, or (2) by purchase of outstanding obligations at the market place. The purposes for which obligations of the United States may be issued under the Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended, are hereby extended to authorize the issuance at par of special obligations exclusively to the fund. Such special obligations shall bear interest at a rate equal to the