sound health, and whose love of adventure and power over men are learned in their contests with their fellows, and in the vigorous pursuit of all healthgiving exercises. In our opinion Muscular Christianity did not reappear upon the scene a bit too soon, and we hope it will put to flight the last nambypamby notions that still linger among some of our authorities at the great schools.

FRAUDULENT TRADE MARKS.

WE have all heard of the tricks of our American cousins of their wooden hams, fictitious nutmegs, and contract boots with the soles pasted on, and many of us have come to the belief that all the rascality is to be found on the other side of the herring-pond. This doctrine is comfortable, but unhappily it is not true. We have before us now a Parliamentary Report on Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks, two subjects on which our own Government lawyers are essaying to legislate. What a seething mass of roguery runs

beneath the smooth surface of our so-called civilization! If anybody doubts the truth of this remark, we recommend him to take a turn for an hour at the thin Blue-book before us. Mr. Roebuck, some time ago, scared the nation with a recital of the manner in which foreigners were forging the Sheffield trade marks, and the evidence contained in this Report fully warrants his statement. It appears that we are gradually losing our foreign cutlery and hardware trade in consequence of pirates over the sea. suffered of old from the Northmen and the Danes who

We

swept our coasts, but now they penetrate into the very heart of the country, and snatch the bread from our working men. Our readers doubtless know that the excellence of our cutlery has long become famous throughout the world, and also that the seat of that trade is concentrated principally in Sheffield. The excellence of the wares there produced, is guaranteed by the affixing of certain trade marks upon them by the different manufacturers of eminence belonging to the Cutlers' Company. Let us instance for example the knives of Rodgers and Son. If the reader possesses a pocket-knife of this maker, and opens it, he will see that, in addition to the name, there is a Maltese cross and a plain cross stamped upon the shoulder of the knive. This is the trade mark,-the endorsement of the firm with respect to its excellence. This trade mark is very valuable: possibly, the manufacturer would not sell it for £20,000. There are other trade marks almost equally valuable. An adze-maker will select as his mark or emblem a pipe, another will put on a hatchet, another a lion, a fourth a goat, according to the class of men whom the tool or implement is likely to reach. The reason why trade marks are stamped on this kind of "dry goods" is that they are often made for a distant market, where the peasantry can understand a simple emblem, when they would not be able to read a maker's name. The Canadian backwoodsman, for example, has found that his old adze marked with a pipe was excellent; he therefore demands a new adze with a similar mark upon it. The name of the maker he may not be able to read

any more than the savage to whom these goods are sometimes sold.

Now here a fine field for forgery is open, and some of our friends across the water have not been long in availing themselves of it. Ramscheid and Solingen, in North Prussia, it appears, are the seats of this nefarious trade. The manufacturers in these towns keep a regular assortment of forged English marks, and send them out to the order of their customers as a matter of course. The traveller for an English house happening to be in the former town a short time since, one of the manufacturers observing the name upon his card, remarked, "That is our trade mark, too,” and illustrated his position by pulling down a parcel with the spurious articles thus stamped with the forged mark. He perfectly well knew that the article was spurious; but the roguery had been perpetrated so long, that he absolutely imagined that he had a right to the mark by prescription. No sooner, we are told, does an English trade mark become famous abroad, than the agents for the German houses immediately send word home to have it forged, and within six months a consignment of the spurious article enters the field, at a rate so low that the genuine article is driven out of the market. The roguish Prussian manufacturer not only destroys our Sheffield trade in this way, but he has the audacity to mark the rubbish he sells at a low rate with some celebrated English maker's name or emblem, and puts the name of his own firm upon a better-class article. He then goes to the customer, and says, "Here are the inferior English

goods at a dear price, and here is our own make at a cheap one." In this manner many of our manufacturers who used to supply the South American market have been obliged to relinquish the trade. The shipment of these fraudulent goods is managed so adroitly that our foreign customers are sure to fall into the trap. Thus, for instance, the goods are sent from abroad to Hull, and are there transhipped for some foreign market. When they have arrived, it is advertised that so many cases of Rodgers' cutlery, or of some other celebrated name, have just been landed from an English ship.

As far as Englishmen are concerned, there is now existing in Sheffield a system of trade marks which prevents piracy. These laws are, however, operative only in the county of Hallamshire, as the district including Sheffield and a radius of six miles around is called; but outside of Sheffield the only remedy against fraudulent imitations of trade marks is by an injunction and proceedings in Chancery; and we all know how very unsatisfactory such a method of obtaining justice generally is. The cutlers of London have also a law, by which the use of the word "London" is prohibited to any manufacturer of cutlery residing at a distance of ten miles from St. Paul's; but any article may be stamped with the address of any street in the metropolis, provided this word be omitted. The purchaser may therefore be certain that a knife marked "London" is "town made."

But, it will be asked, will not the Prussian Govern