-

What is the fifth order ? —Origin of their name? Characteristics? Describe the Three-toed Sloth.—(p. 75.) Armadillo. — Ant-eater.

What is the sixth order? (p. 76.) What are its characteristics? What is rumination? How many stomachs have the ruminants? Their names? (p. 77.) What is the value of the ruminants to man? Describe the Camel and Dromedary.—(p. 78.) The Llama. — The American Bison. The Camelopard, or Giraffe. Which of the ruminants are destitute of horns?

What is the seventh order? (p. 79.) Why called Pachydermata? Describe the Elephant. Its tusks. - Its. trunk. - How many species of it? The Mastodon. - (p. 80.) The Hippopotamus. - The Rhinoceros. The Tapir. The Wild Boar. (p. 81.) What are the Solipeda? Name the several species. Their character and mode of life.

(p. 82.) What is the eighth order? Describe the herbivorous Cetacea. scribe the great Greenland Whale. What is ambergris ?

How do whales differ from fishes? (p. 83.) What are the blowers? De(p. 84.) The Spermaceti Whales.

What is the ninth order? The original distribution of the Marsupialia and Monotremeta. - Chief characteristic of the Marsupials? (p. 85.) Of the female. Describe the Opossum.-The Phalangers.-The Flying Opossum. (p. 86.) The Merian Opossum. -The Kangaroo. What is the tenth order? What is the most remarkable species? Describe the Ornithorhyncus. - The Echidna.

SECTION II.

Class II. Birds.

(p. 87.) What is the reason of the uniformity of structure in Birds? What is the peculiarity in the locomotion of Birds, and how does it influence their structure? (p. 88.) What is the connection between their locomotion and the extent of their respiration? What peculiarity is there in their bones? And what advantage from it? (p. 89.) And from the construction of their skeleton? What nice adjustment is necessary in the act of flying? How is the equilibrium preserved? (p. 90.) How does the bird maintain its posture as a biped? How does it differ from that of man? (p. 91.) How does it maintain its position in sleep? What are the structure and relative proportions of the head and neck? Compare the body of a bird with that of a quadruped. (p. 92.) How is the economy of muscular power in the bird shown in its posture? — In the size of its foot? (p. 93.) What are the circumstances which make the structure and motions of birds so remarkable? What is the covering of birds, and its adaptation to their functions?

(p. 94.) On what points is the scientific arrangement of Birds founded? How many orders? What is the first order?· Its characteristics? De scribe the diurnal Accipitres.-The nocturnal. (p. 95.) What is the

second order? Its characteristics? What birds are included under the Passeres? (p. 96.) Describe the Bird of Paradise and the Humming Bird. What is the third order? — Its characteristics? (p. 97.) What birds are included under the Scansores? Describe the Woodpecker. -The Toucan. What is the fourth order? What birds are included under it? Their characteristics? (p. 98.) In what do Pigeons differ from the other Gallinaceæ ? - The Crowned Pigeon. What is the fifth order? How are the Grallæ distinguished? What birds are included? (p. 99.) The Ostrich and Cassowary. What is the sixth order? How are the Anseres distinguished? What birds are included?

(p. 100.) Describe some of the peculiarities of the Accipitres as contrasted with the Gralla. (p. 101.) How are the Gralla enabled to stand long without great strength of limb? How is it with the Ostrich? What orders does the Ostrich form a link between? What is the division of power in the Passeres and Scansores? In the Anseres, or Palmipedes ? (p. 102.) What is there peculiar in Guillemots and Auks?

SECTION III.

Class III. Reptiles.

What animals does the

What is the third class of vertebral animals? class of Reptiles include? (p. 103.) How are their circulation and respiration performed? What is the effect of this on their blood and heat? On their general habits of life? (p. 104.) How many orders? How is the first order, the Chelonia, distinguished?—The carapace. The plastron. Of what are these composed? What animals belong to this order? The second order? What animals are included in the Sauria? Describe the Crocodile.-(p. 105.) The Dragon. - The Chameleon. (p. 106.) The third order? How distinguished? How are the Ophidia divided? Describe those not venomous. Describe the venomous. - Their fangs. The Rattlesnake. (p. 107.) The fourth order? How do the heart and circulation of the Batrachia differ from those of other orders? For what are they principally remarkable? Describe their transformations. Are these complete in all ? — The Lepidosiren.

SECTION IV.

Class IV. Fishes.

(p. 108.) What is the relation which the several classes of Vertebrata bear to the medium in which they live? - The difference between Birds and Fishes? (p. 109.) What is the effect of this on their structure, especially as to the muscular system, respiration, and circulation? Describe the gills.-Mode in which respiration is performed by them. Does the skeleton differ from that of the other classes? (p. 110.) To

what do the fins correspond? - Their office? What is the air-bag? — Its contents? (p. 111.) Its supposed office? - Objections?—Its probable purpose?-(p. 112.) Its connection with respiration? Describe their covering. Teeth. - Means of defence. Their brain and senses.— Skeleton. Digestive organs. Their division into orders.

Food.

CHAPTER VII.

SECOND BRANCH OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. ARTICULATA.

(p. 113.) What is the most interesting class? Describe the characters of Insects. (p. 114.) What is their substitute for a skeleton? Are all winged? (p. 115.) How are their bodies divided? Describe the head. — Any brain?—Their senses. Describe their mouth, jaws, and mode of feeding. Their extremities and wings. - Number of legs. (p. 116.) Number and structure of wings. The balancers. Describe the abdomen. -How is it sometimes terminated? What are their metamorphoses? (p. 117.) Give an account of that of the Butterfly. — The larva. — The chrysalis. The perfect state. What useful purposes do Insects serve? (p. 118.) Into how many orders does Linnæus divide Insects? And on what does he found the division? Name the first order, and its character, with examples. The second order, and its character, with examples. (p. 119.) The third order, character, examples. The fourth order, — character, examples. (p. 120.) The fifth order,—character, examples. What is said of the Ant, Wasp, and Bee? (p. 121.) The sixth order, — character, - examples. The seventh order, character. What are included under the Aptera? (p. 122.) The Spider. Habitations and habits of spiders, -The Tarantula and Scorpion. (p. 123.) What is said of the Crustacea? Describe the principal points of their structure. (p. 124.) How are they covered? How do they change their shells? Describe their claws. Organs of sense. What is there peculiar in their stomach? (p. 125.) How is the term Worm used? What are the Annelida? — Their nervous system?-Their blood, circulation, and respiration?— Limbs?. -Mouths? -Bodies?-Habitations?—(p. 126.) The Earth-worm?-The Leech?

The Gordius?

CHAPTER VIII.

THIRD BRANCH OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.

MOLLUSCA.

(p. 127.) What are included?-Examples. Give a general description of their structure. What is the mantle? How is it arranged? (p. 128.)

Describe their shells. Any brain? - Their nervous system. - Respira. tion and circulation. - Heart and blood. Their organs of digestion. (p. 129.) How are the Mollusca divided into classes? Describe those of the first class. What peculiarity have some of them? What is said of the size of some of them? (p. 130.) Describe the Mollusca of another class. Examples. Describe another class. - Examples. — The common Clam. (p. 131.) The Giant Clam.—What is the organ called the foot? How are the shells of the bivalve Mollusca connected?

CHAPTER IX.

FOURTH BRANCH OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM.

RADIATA.

What animals are included under this branch? (p. 132.) What were they formerly called? Give a general account of their structure. Are there any exceptions? What are they? What are the organs of motion in the Echinodermata? Describe the Starfish.-(p. 133.) The Seanettles or Sea-anemones. -The Medusa. - The Polypes.-(p. 134.) The Animalcules, or Infusoria. (p. 135.) What is a peculiarity in

the structure of some of the Infusoria? What facts are there concerning their minuteness, immense numbers, and prolific nature? (p. 136.) How does the view of the animal creation illustrate the attributes of its Creator?

PHILOSOPHY OF NATURAL HISTORY.

CHAPTER I.

FOOD, DIGESTION, AND BLOOD OF ANIMALS.

(p. 137.) What is said of the correspondence between the organs of digestion and the form of animals? And of man and other animals below him, in regard to their food, organs of digestion, and other organs? (p. 138.) What is said of the natural food of man as compared with that of other animals? Mention the food of various races. What relation do health and strength bear to the kind of food? (p. 139.) What is the effect of heat on food? Is there any essential difference in kinds of food?

What is said of the natural food of man?-(p. 140.) Of his food in different climates and under different circumstances? Of it in Africa? Of the consumption of fat in cold climates? Mention some examples. (p. 141.) Any connection between kinds of food and powers of motion? (p. 142.) What is the best food for man?- Any exceptions ? How is man determined in his choice of food? Mention some examples. Describe a strange kind of food which is sometimes resorted to. (p. 143.) To what is its nutrient power attributed? Cases mentioned by Dr. Livingstone. What is the effect of a very exclusive diet?

Examples. (p. 144.) To what is owing man's power of accommodating himself to different residences? What effect has the want of this on animals? How are these facts connected with the distribution of animals over the earth? What is the relation of animals to plants and to each other as food? (p. 145.) How is the suffering from this relation mitigated? Examples which illustrate this. (p. 146.) Mention a statement of Dr. Livingstone.

How are animals? Are Have they a power of acWhat limits to this? Ex

How is man directed in his choice of food? their tastes uniform in this respect? (p. 147.) commodating themselves to unnatural food? amples. What is idiosyncrasy? Examples of it. (p. 148.) Relate an instance from Réaumur of adaptation of food to particular species.

(p. 149.) On what has the digestion of food been supposed to depend? To what is it probably due? On what kinds of stomach did Spallanzani experiment? Describe the results of his experiments upon birds with strong gizzards, when perforated metallic balls were used, with grain unbruised, -(p. 150,) with grain bruised, with tin tubes, - with pieces of glass,