of all such steamers, so as to prevent the escape of burning flakes. A nonobservance of this section will subject the offending steamers and owners to a fine of $20 for each and every offense and to full damages for any loss that may be sustained by fire traceable to any such steamers using wood for fuel.

23. Whenever it becomes necessary to use a conveyance or to incur any expense in visiting localities with a view to defining lines for the construction of wharves or other improvements, such expense shall be borne by the parties making application for permits for whose benefit the lines are to be defined.

24. Piles, painted red, have been driven along certain sections of the unimproved water front of the harbor to mark the established port warden lines. Similarly painted piles will be driven in all the unimproved sections so soon as port warden and limiting lines are decided upon for those sections. Masters of all classes of craft and all other persons are forbidden from making fast to these piles, or to disturb them in any way under a penalty of $10 for every offense. 25. Any person violating any rule or regulation herein contained or disobeying any lawful order of a harbor master for which no penalty is specifically provided shall be fined not less than $5 nor more than $20, one half to go to the informer and the other half to the commissioners' fund.

26. The office of the harbor masters shall be opened at 9 o'clock a. m. daily. The closing hours shall be 5 o'clock p. m., from October 1 to April 1 and 6 o'clock p. m. from April 1 to October 1.

One of the harbor masters shall be on duty in the office during these hours to answer calls, give information, and attend to the duties of the office generally. Harbor masters will report each morning at 9 o'clock at the office of the board of harbor commissioners. If there is anything to communicate to the board, the president will receive it and impart to the harbor masters anything which the board may desire.

27. There shall be kept at the office of the harbor commissioners a book, to be called the log book, and each harbor master will enter in this book the transactions of the day before, viz, number and character of vessels he has boarded, where from and where bound, cargo and tonnage, and all complaints made to him of any nature involving the business of the board of harbor commissioners. If there be reason why any harbor master can not, upon any day, comply with this general order, and does not do so, such harbor master will note such reason on the book.

One of the harbor masters will keep the office each week or month, as they may themselves so fix, and must be on hand to receive calls and messages. He will note the time of receipt of each message, from whom received, its character, on log book, the name of the harbor master who responded to the call, and the time he responded.

28. All vessels loading cotton for any foreign port at any dock in this harbor shall have spark arresters on their smokestacks at all times and shall keep the ventilators leading into their holds covered with canvas and plugged; also they shall have one barrel and two buckets at each hatch, the barrels to be kept filled with water until the vessel is loaded.

29. All high-pressure steamers navigating this harbor will be required to have spark arresters on their smokestacks at all times whether under way or not; this rule applies to stacks on donkey boilers used on vessels as well as to stacks of steamers.

Failure to comply with this rule will make the party so offending liable to a fine of $20 for each offense.

30. There shall be two daily inspections up and down the harbor by the harbor boat.

31. The harbor masters shall be vigilant to see that no obstructions or improvements are placed in the waters under the jurisdiction of the board until a permit has been issued, and shall report promptly any violations of the rules or regulations of the board.

32. On the east side of the deep-water channel from the Norfolk & Western warehouse No. 2 at Lamberts Point to a point near Tarrells Creek north of the Merritt Wharf all barges and vessels are required to anchor to the eastward of a line of black buoys so as not to obstruct the channel.

33. On the west side of the deep-water channel from Craney Island Lighthouse to North Street, Portsmouth, all vessels are required to anchor westward of a line of red buoys, so as not to obstruct the channel.

34. No vessels or barges will be allowed to anchor in or near the entrance to the Port Norfolk or West Norfolk channel under penalty of the law.

35. Vessels and barges dropping out from wharves or docks whose draft of water is over 18 feet will not be allowed to lay at anchor longer than 24 hours without permission of the harbor masters.

36. The anchorages heretofore known as Atlantic City Flats and also Berkley Flats have been abandoned and no vessel or barge will be allowed to anchor on either of these flats under penalty of the law.

37. Any damage caused to small boats in the harbor by reason of steamers, tugboats, or power boats running at an excessive rate of speed shall be paid for by the offending vessel.

38. All owners, agents, and masters or licensed officers of all vessels are urgently requested to report to the harbor commissioners all violation of harbor rules or reckless navigation, which will receive prompt attention.

Regulations governing the use and navigation of the waters of Hampton Roads and the harbors of Norfolk and Newport News, Va., and the handling of explosives therein by vessels other than common carriers carrying explosives

Under authority of section 7 of the river and harbor act approved August 8, 1917, the following regulations are prescribed to govern the use and navigation of the waters of Hampton Roads and the harbors of Norfolk and Newport News, Va., by vessels, other than common carriers, carrying explosives.

1. The Officer of the Coast Guard designated "Captain of the Port" shall have immediate supervision of the enforcement of these regulations

2. Vessels carrying explosives shall be at all times in charge of competent persons and must display by day a red flag of at least 16 square feet at the mast head, or at least 10 feet above the upper deck, if the vessel has not mast; at night a red light will be displayed in the same positions specified for the red flag. For use in emergencies each barge must be provided with a suitable anchor, ground tackle, and equipment, to be approved by the captain of the port, with an adequate supply of fire extinguishers, and fire pails filed with water, and a suitable fog horn and bell.

3. No smoking will be permitted on or near any vessel, barge or scow, carrying explosives, and no person under the influence of liquor will be allowed on board, nor to approach such vessels. Every person having business on board vessels which are being loaded with explosives, other than members of the crew, must have a pass from the captain of the port in such form as the captain of the port shall determine.

4. Vessels carrying explosives shall not carry inflammable liquids, inflammable solids, oxidizing materials, mineral acids, as defined in Interstate Commerce Commission regulations for the transportation of explosives, or articles likely to ignite spontaneously, or to give off inflammable gases, unless the explosives are stored in separate rooms or are otherwise so separated as to effectively prevent danger to the explosive from any of these articles, or from the vapor thereof. Where blasting caps, detonating fuses, and fulminate of mercury in bulk are loaded on the vessel with high explosives, they must be in a different compartment, the distance in a straight line from the compartment containing them to the explosives to be not less than 25 feet.

5. No unnecessary fires shall be permitted on vessels carrying explosives, and those fires which are deemed necessary must be properly safeguarded and must be left in constant charge of some one individual of the crew during the entire period that they are burning. Cabins on barges or lighters carrying explosives of any, or all, descriptions, in which oil lights or stoves are used must be protected by covering. The wooden walls, partitions, floors, and ceilings with two thicknesses of onequarter inch asbestos board placed with joints broken and covered with No. 26 gauge metal. This protection must also be applied to doors; and the doors from the cabin into other parts of the boat must be provided with substantial springs making them self-closing. The stoves must be at least 18 inches from all partitions, and a sheet-metal shield 52 feet in height, securely fastened to the floor and the wall, must be placed midway between the walls and the stove. The stove must be at least 6 inches from the floor of the cabin, supported either on legs permanently and securely fastened to the stove and the floor, or on 6 inches of hollow tile securely fastened in place. The hole in the roof of the cabin where the stovepipe passes through shall be 18 inches larger in circumference than the stovepipe, and a substantial metal plate shall be placed in the opening surrounding the pipe to hold it in place. The stovepipe shall also be tied into the walls so that it will not shift.

The smokestack must be provided with substantial screens of fine mesh or other satisfactory spark arrester. All oil lamps must be held in marine brackets. Safety matches of wooden-stick type rather than the paper type must be used exclusively and kept in proper receptacles. Oils and lamps must be kept on deck in a box lined with metal in such position that it can be readily thrown overboard. No artificial light shall be permitted in the holds or compartments of any vessel that contains explosives except electric flashlights or electric lanterns or an approved electric lighting of the vessel. Crews must not have or carry matches, Electric flashlights must be provided

firearms, or cartridges on their persons. for the attendants.

6. No explosives will be allowed to be placed aboard a vessel until the rest of the cargo has been placed aboard and the vessel trimmed. All work of construction of floors, partitions, and other conditioning of the vessel, and the removal of any other combustibles from that part of the hold in which the explosives are to be stored, shall be completed before loading of the explosives is commenced. All rubbish, shovelings, old oil, paint cans, oil rags, rope ends, and other litter must be kept cleared out of the holds. Such lumber as is allowed to remain in the holds for use as firewood must be securely piled. Floors must be kept broom clean. All decks, gangways, and holds over which explosives must be passed in loading must be freed from all loose metal or tools and carefully swept before loading is commenced, and after loading has ceased.

7. All explosives must be handled carefully. No metal tools shall be used in loading, unloading, or handling explosives. Men engaged in loading, unloading or handling explosives must not have or carry on their persons metal tools or bale

hooks, matches, firearms, or cartridges and they must not wear boots or shoes shod or strengthened with iron nails or any metal unless such boots or shoes are covered with leather, felt, or some other such material. Packages of explosives must not be thrown, dropped, rolled, dragged, or slid over each other or over the decks Dynamite boxes must be stowed topside up. Powder kegs should be loaded with seams up.

8. The term "high explosives in bulk" shall be construed to mean high explosives packed in boxes, barrels or kegs and not loaded in ammunition or shells. The standard definition of the term "high explosives" will be that contained in paragraph 1503 of the regulations of the Interstate Commerce Commission for the transportation of explosives by rail, viz: “High explosives are all explosives more powerful than ordinary black powder, except smokeless powders and fulminates. Their distinguishing characteristic is their susceptibility to detonation by a blasting cap. Examples of high explosives are dynamite, picric acid, picrates, chlorate powders, nitrate of ammonia powders, dry trinitrotoluol, dry nitrocellulose (guncotton), dry tetranitroaniline, and fireworks that can be exploded en masse." Unless they are loaded in the same vessel with articles enumerated in the rule quoted above, picric acid 10 per cent wet, and trinitrotoluol 10 per cent wet, and nitrocellulose (guncotton) 20 per cent wet, will not be classified as high explosives. The term "high explosives in bulk" does not include such articles as benzol, toluol, smokeless powder, black powder, small-arms ammunition, ammunition for cannon with explosive projectiles, explosive projectiles or torpedoes, percussion fuses, time fuses, combination fuses, tracer fuses, cordeau detonant, primers for cannon and small arms, blasting caps, detonating fuses, and fulminate of mercury in bulk. Blasting caps, detonating fuses, and fulminate of mercury in bulk will be considered as constituting a distinct class by themselves, and must be stowed and handled with special care.

9. In transferring high explosives in bulk, blasting caps, detonating fuses, and fulminate of mercury from one vessel to another they must be handled by hand or regulation chute and mattress. If difference in elevation between vessels or condition of weather renders it impossible to transfer or load by hand or chute, mechanical hoists and a special crate or basket may be used. Explosives transferred in this manner must not be handled roughly. They must be hoisted and lowered carefully and be deposited or lowered on a mattress.

10. When an inclined chute is employed, such chute shall be constructed of 1-inch planed boards with side guards 4 inches high extending 3 inches above top face of bottom of chute and throughout its length fastened with brass screws. D-shaped strips or runners not more than 6 inches apart and running lengthwise of the chute must be fastened to the upper surface of the bottom part by means of glue and wooden pegs extending through the bottom part and runners. Chutes must be occasionally wiped down with waste moistened with machine oil when dynamite packages are being handled. A stuffed mattress 4 feet wide by 6 feet long and not less than 4 inches thick, or a heavy jute or hemp mat of like demensions, must be placed under the discharging end of the chute. The incline of the chute should be such that the velocity of the packages sliding will not be great enough to cause violent shock when coming in contact with other packages or when reaching the bottom of slide, or men must be stationed alongside the chutes to retard the velocity of the packages and prevent violent shocks when packages come in contact with each other or reach bottom of chute.

11. Broken or seriously damaged packages of explosives may be recoopered when it is practicable and not dangerous. A broken box of dynamite that can not be recoopered should be reinforced by stout wrapping paper and twine, placed in another strong box, and surrounded by dry, fine sawdust, or dry and

clean cotton waste, or elastic wads made from dry newspaper. A ruptured can or keg should be inclosed in a grain bag of good quality and boxed or crated. Injured packages thus protected and properly marked may be forwarded. Packages too seriously damaged to be recoopered should not be forwarded, but set aside and the shipper notified to make disposition of them. In removing broken cases or kegs of explosives from vessels, care must be taken to remove any particles of loose explosives.

12. The transportation of high explosives by water and the transfer of explosives to and from water craft in Hampton Roads and the harbors of Norfolk and Newport News shall be made under the direct supervision of such special inspectors as may be assigned for the purpose by the captain of the port, but this is not to be construed as charging the captain of the port with any responsibility in connection with the navigation of such water craft. Owners or agents of water craft, transferring or carrying such cargoes, will be required to provide subsistence, when crews are subsisted on board, and, when necessary, suitable sleeping accommodation for special inspectors and for guards placed on board by the captain of the port, and for such period as he may specify. When crews are not subsisted on board, subsistence for inspectors and guards will not be required, but every opportunity will be afforded to them to use such cooking facilities as are provided for the crews.

13. In any case of violation of the regulations in regard to the handling of explosives, the captain of the port is empowered to remove any vessel, or any man or men from the waters to which these regulations pertain or to stop the loading or unloading of explosives in said waters.

14. Nothing in the foregoing shall be construed as relieving the master of any vessel carrying explosives from the responsibility of making frequent inspections, both by day and night, to see that these rules are complied with.

PORT ADMINISTRATION

1. State or municipal officials and bodies having jurisdiction over the port and over the various phases of its administration. Jurisdiction over the port of Hampton Roads and over all other tidewater ports within the State of Virginia is vested in the State Port Authority of Virginia. Any of the tidewater cities and towns may appoint municipal boards of port commissioners to which may be delegated authority with regard to the ownership, operation, management or control of port terminal facilities within such cities and towns. Such authority, however, is exercised in subordination to the authority conferred on the State Port Authority of Virginia by the general assembly.

2. Organization of port administrative bodies.-The State Port Authority is composed of five members, designated port commissioners, appointed by the governor for a term of four years, subject to the approval of the senate. They serve without compensation. A chairman and vice chairman are chosen by the port authority from among its members.

The port authority is empowered to employ an executive director, termed "director of the port." His services are at the pleasure of the