stantly increasing movement of people and machines from one country to another, means this job of keeping disease out of this country is going to increase greatly, is it not?

Dr. SHAW. Yes. And we have good arrangements with the Customs and Immigration Service so that we have examined all of the refugees that have come from there, so we are doing as good a job as we can, but it is one we have got to keep right on top of.

Mr. WHITTEN. You might proceed.

FOOD SCIENCE

Dr. SHAW. We propose an increase of $250,000 to expand our food science research. In spite of this Nation's abundance and the increasing use of many foods, our people today are more concerned than ever about the healthfulness of all foods and the kinds and amounts they should eat to be nutritionally well fed. The properties of many foods are being changed by processing, resulting in products with smaller or larger amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals, and vitamins. Some of these changes are readily recognized by consumers, but others, less obvious, may detract from or add to the nutritive values consumers have learned to expect and depend on. We believe intensified research in these and other areas of food science is imperative.

PUBLIC LAW 480 RESEARCH

In addition to these program increases in our domestic research, we propose an increase of $3,750,000 for the purchase of foreign currencies to finance research abroad under Public Law 480. With this increase, our Public Law 480 research appropriation in 1965 would total $5 million and would provide additional financing in five excesscurrency countries.

In India, Poland, the United Arab Republic, and Yugoslavia, $2 million would be used for market development research; $2.9 million for agricultural and forestry research in India and Israel; and $100,000 for translation of scientific publications.

Surveys of the scientific capacity of institutions in these countries, and our evaluation of research proposals submitted, have assured us that the funds can be used to finance research beneficial to American agriculture.

Mr. WHITTEN. Doctor, I think this committee appreciates perhaps more than some others the tremendous value of this foreign currency program of research.

In the first place, only about 10 percent of the foreign currency is subject to the appropriation process under our own system here, and 90 percent is for use in such foreign countries under agreements as are entered into between the foreign countries and ourselves.

Thus, at least 90 percent, and the chances are all of this, represents funds that would not be coming back to this country at any rate. We by this approach get the benefit of funds that would otherwise not be returning. Also with regard to many, many diseases and many experiments do not have the risk of trying to do research on diseases not presently in this country.

I know you are more familiar with this than I am. You have testified about this in times past. But I want to make this point here,

because quite frequently some one of our colleagues misunderstands what is involved in it and wonders why we buy foreign currency or are doing work in foreign countries.

I think this is one of the finer programs that we have.

Dr. SHAW. Yes. As you have indicated, this is money that is already owned by the United States in these foreign countries. It must be spent there. And we feel that this is a real benefit to American agriculture.

The $100,000 for translations would permit us to obtain translation of a wide variety of scientific findings now available in several foreign languages. This work would be in addition to the translation activities conducted by the National Science Foundation, which only partially meet the Department's needs.

RESEARCH FACILITIES

Finally, we propose an increase of $1 million for construction of facilities at Fort Collins, Colo., and $1,394,300 for construction, alteration, and improvement of facilities at the Agricultural Research Center at Beltsville, Md.

At Fort Collins, the temporary structures we are now using for research on sugarbeets and for forage and range work must be moved to make way for permanent structures planned by Colorado State University. It is expected that the State would provide a site for new ARS facilities.

And I might say that since preparing this statement I now have a firm commitment from the State.

My associates are prepared to discuss all these increases, as well as the decreases, in more detail. However, the increase proposed for improving facilities at Beltsville cuts across their areas of responsibility, and I would like to discuss this proposal rather fully.

BELTSVILLE RESEARCH CENTER

The Agricultural Research Center not only serves as the national administrative headquarters for most of the research divisions, it also is the center of important basic and applied research. In addition, part of the facilities are used by our regulatory divisions and by other agencies of the Department and the Government.

Most of the facilities at the Center were established more than 20 years ago. As research activities have increased, additional equipment with greater power, water, and heating demands has been installed. Depreciation and obsolescence have taken their toll, and the need for modernization and improvement has become critical.

The proposed increase, which is designed to meet the most critical needs, provides $275,000 to replace the facilities now used for farmwork headquarters, equipment and material storage, and equipment repair shop. The existing repair shop will hold only one small piece of farm equipment at a time. The office is in a 129-square-foot trailer, and a staff of 35 must share a locker room 12 by 19 feet and a washroom 10 by 8 feet.

Costs of these new facilities are estimated at $99,000 for a headquarters building, $105,000 for a storage building, $44,000 for a repair

shop and service station, and $27,000 for parking, connecting roadway, and other exterior facilities.

We are requesting $380,300 for additions, alteration, and renovation of warehouse and shops used for plumbing, welding, carpentry, and other craft work. The present warehouse space is so small that material must be stored in open sheds, and the shops are crowded and badly laid out. Approximately 100 men work in these facilities. Additions to the warehouse and the shops would cost an estimated $251,300, renovation of present space, $99,000; and providing shelves, bins, a new boiler, and other utilities, $30,000.

An increase of $60,000 is requested to renovate and air-condition the Plant Industry Station auditorium, which is badly in need of modernizing. This auditorium is used almost daily for scientific and other conferences of Beltsville personnel, for meetings of U.S. and foreign visitors making tours of the Center, and for national conferences of scientists, agricultural leaders, and other groups.

To modernize the auditorium, we need to renovate the heating and ventilation system, including air conditioning, improve the lighting, and replace obsolete motion picture and slide projection equipment.

An increase of $30,000 is requested to replace an obsolete elevator in the animal husbandry research building. This elevator has been in use for 27 years. The manufacturer has gone out of business, and repair parts are hard to obtain.

We propose an increase of $27,000 to replace the flat deck roof sections on three buildings. These flat deck sections, where fumes from laboratory hoods are exhausted, have become badly deteriorated and must be replaced to protect the buildings. An estimated 2,000 square feet of lead sheet decking will be required.

A total of $520,000 is proposed to improve heating, electrical, water, and sewage systems. Two additional boilers for the dairy research area and the plant industry research area-are needed for more efficient operation and for safety. Failure of one boiler in either area during the winter would force shutting down some functions and imperil experimental work. Estimated cost of these two new boilers is $80,000.

Three other boilers now 28 years old need replacing. They are inefficient and have been recommended for replacement by the District of Columbia boiler inspector. Replacements will cost $75,000. Still another boiler has not been retubed for 21 years. The District of Columbia inspector recommended retubing in 1960. This work will cost an estimated $25,000.

Steam lines in the dairy research area are 42 years old and are in constant need of repair. To replace these lines will cost $25,000. To replace and modernize the electrical system will require approximately $200,000. Six miles of overhead line need replacing at a cost of $90,000. These lines originally followed dirt trails, which are now woods that must continually be cleared. The equipment requires expensive and frequent maintenance, which results in excessive periods without electricity.

Power panels in three buildings need replacement to take care of the continual expansion in the use of electricity. These replacements will cost $80,000.

Two incoming electrical feeders, carrying 12,000 volts each, are on the same set of poles. A tree falling across the feeders or the loss of

a pole leaves a major part of the Research Center without power. Since each feeder is capable of carrying the load needed, it is imperative that these feeders be placed on separate pole lines. This installation will cost $30,000.

To replace defective sewerlines and enlarge water supplies will cost $115,000. Because of old and poorly constructed sewage lines, ground water sometimes seeps into the lines and is carried to the disposal plant, where it overflows and passes raw sewage into the streams. One sewer is so deteriorated that barn sewage is seeping to the ground surface, creating a permanent swamp and a health hazard. Replacement of these sewerlines-at a cost of $45,000-would prevent ground water from overloading the sewage treatment plant and would reduce stream pollution.

We propose to install a 250,000-gallon water tank and a deep well— at a cost of $70,000. Water consumption at the center is increasing annually, and loss of water pressure occurs during working days. A dependable water supply during fires or pumping shutdowns is imperative. Sufficient stored water would permit a reduction in overall pumping costs because well pumps can be operated at offpeak electrical periods, when demand charges are lower.

We are requesting $102,000 for road improvement; $60,000 would be used to widen a single-lane, 68-foot bridge, which presents a serious safety hazard. Twenty-seven miles of dirt and gravel roads have become badly deteriorated and require continual maintenance work. We propose to regrade and add gravel to 9 miles of these roads and to resurface an additional 3 miles, at a total cost of $42,000.

The Agricultural Research Center is the hub of our Nation's research activities. The effort to get along with inadequate and even unsafe facilities has become more difficult each year. And we feel the time has come when steps must be taken to correct the situation. The improvements we propose are vital to the advancement of our entire research program.

Mr. WHITTEN. Dr. Shaw, outside of what you say is wrong, is Beltsville all right?

Dr. SHAW. We are doing good work at Beltsville, but we really need a number of improvements.

Mr. WHITTEN. To what extent would it be sound to locate it at a new spot?

Dr. SHAW. Well, it would be rather expensive to

Mr. WHITTEN. For about five pages you indicate that it is just coming apart at the seams everywhere you look. Have you considered perhaps locating it someplace else?

Dr. SHAW. No; we have not considered moving it some place else. The cost would be very great. I do not remember the exact figure, but I think we have more than $50 million worth of facilities out there; that is, replacement value, not cost.

Mr. WHITTEN. I realize it is a great station and does a great work. Sometimes we hear complaints about it being so close to Washington, and yet we realize that to have it available to many of your scientists and others that you have in the Department is an asset rather than a liability.

You might proceed.

INCREASE IN LIMITATION ON COST OF BUILDINGS

Dr. SHAW. I would like also, Mr. Chairman, to discuss one of the language changes we are proposing for fiscal year 1965. This change would increase from three to five the number of buildings that could be constructed or improved at an amount above the general limitation of $20,000.

We have urgent need now for six buildings that would cost $40,000 to $45,000 each. These buildings include (1) a temporary structure at Logan, Utah, for work on toxicosis in livestock, caused by eating poisonous plants; (2) a building at Brownsville, Tex., for research on an attractant for use in controlling the pink bollworm; (3) a temporary structure at Albuquerque, N. Mex., for work on external parasites of livestock and poultry; (4) a building in Florida_for expanded research on sugarcane harvesting; (5) a building at Pasadena, Calif., for chemical extraction operations that involve flammable and toxic solvents; (6) a building at Beltsville for bacteriological examinations in connection with enforcement of pesticide regulations. Our current limitation means that we can build only three of these structures this year.

Experience has shown that our needs for buildings of this kind will exceed three each year. We have used the authority to construct or improve five buildings each of the previous years that it has been provided. We urgently propose, therefore, that we be authorized to construct five of these moderate-priced facilities in fiscal year 1965. That completes my general statement, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. WHITTEN. Dr. Shaw, thank you for your statement. I would like to have included in the record the appropriate pages of the justification on the marketing research program along with the earlier pages that I asked for the Agricultural Research Service.

I believe Mr. Smith heads the other branch. I would like to have Mr. Smith's general statement follow that of Dr. Shaw. Now, we will go into that when Mr. Smith is here, but I need to bring these together so it will be clearly apparent how very close together they

are.

Dr. SHAW. Do you want all of his statement or the part on research?

Mr. WHITTEN. Just the part on the research aspects.

Mr. GRANT. We will prepare a statement for that purpose.

Mr. WHITTEN. We are not cutting Mr. Smith off. I do think it will enable us to show the real necessity of putting things together. (The portion of Mr. Smith's general statement relating to marketing research follows:)

MARKETING RESEARCH

Before asking Dr. Omer Herrmann to discuss details of the appropriation item for marketing research and the requested increase for work related to insect damage to products in marketing channels, I believe it appropriate to discuss with you a proposed reduction in marketing research which is attracting considerable attention. This is an item of $862,000 which currently supports our research activities in market facility planning, efficiencies in wholesaling and retailing, equipment and handling methods, and transportation and packaging techniques.

These types of activity, from their inauguration, represented something of a pioneering effort on our part in that we were exploring the extent to which studies of this nature could reveal to public agencies, management,