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made pickled fruits and vegetables. Adequate processing in a boiling water bath destroys the organisms that cause spoilage and inactivates the enzymes that can cause undesirable changes in color, texture, and flavor during storage. The processed pickles not only keep better than nonprocessed pickles but are generally superior in color, texture, and flavor. Instructions for heat processing of homemade pickles have been incorporated in a bulletin “Making Pickles and Relishes at Home" and are available to the large numbers of rural and urban families that each year preserve food by pickling.

6. Guides for family financial management developed. To help professional home economists-extension workers, teachers, social welfare workers-and other leaders give sound counseling to families on money management, two publications have been developed from research data. "Family Food Plans and Food Costs" explains the Department's family food budgets, the procedures used in their development, and how they can be adapted for use with local prices. "Helping Families Manage Their Finances" contains research-based information relating to patterns of expenditure for family living and the use and cost of credit for family living purposes. It provides up-to-date information needed in helping families make wise use of their resources. Based on the principles of sound food and family financial management described in these two semitechnical bulletins, the popular publication "Food Guide for the Young Couple" has been prepared for inclusion in the bride's kit, a packet of helpful USDA bulletins currently being distributed.

7. House-planning guides for low-income rural families developed.-A new series of aids for planning economical, efficient, and livable homes that are adapted to the needs of families seeking loans from the Farmers Home Administration is in preparation. The first five leaflets planned for the series have been published and approximately eight more are scheduled for the near future. Based on regional research on family housing requirements, each leaflet presents graphically a single subject such as design of storage areas for clothing, use of corner space in kitchens, and dimensions and arrangements of rooms for the house.

Mr. WHITTEN. Doctor, we appreciate your presentation. And, again, in the interest of time we will be sure that all of the tables and supporting information that might be desired are included in the record.

May I ask the committee this? Would you prefer that we go on to Dr. Clarkson, or would you prefer to stop now?

Dr. SHAW. Dr. Clarkson and Dr. Hilbert are left.

Mr. WHITTEN. We might, today, open for questions on material presented up to this point, if anybody has anything they would like to ask.

Mr. Addabbo?

Mr. ADDABBO. Dr. Shaw, the amounts you quoted for expansion and construction, that is solely for the construction; this isn't for equipment or future staffing?

Dr. SHAW. It will be the fixed equipment, like the laboratory benches and hoods, and things of that sort; but not the movable equipment like microscopes and things of this kind.

Mr. ADDABBO. And the figures given, are those estimated figures or exact?

Dr. SHAW. Estimated at this time, because we still have to let contracts.

CHANGES IN LINE PROJECTS, 1961-63

Mr. ADDABBO. And I understand from the chairman that you will supply for the record, for the past several years, activity on various research programs, what they have cost, and whether they have been discontinued or continued, and results of them?

Dr. SHAW. Yes, sir.

Mr. ADDABBO. No further questions. (The material referred to follows:)

Changes in line projects, calendar years 1961-63

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Accounting records are not kept by line projects; therefore, no accurate cost figures are available by line projects and such figures must be estimated. The line projects discontinued in calendar year 1963 are estimated to cost approximately $1.4 million for farm research, $3.4 million for utilization research and development, and $0.1 million for nutrition and consumer use research.

Some of these estimated funds were applied to absorption of a portion of increased pay costs under Public Law 87-793, increased wage board costs, equipment needs, and other rising costs of our vital research programs. In many instances, resources were applied to other phases of research in the same area of work. In these instances, the change involved reassignment of personnel from one phase of a work project to another. Examples are the line projects under animal disease and parasite research on avian leukosis and foot-andmouth disease; under agricultural engineering research on spray pattern and drop size; and others, where research is continuing in the same areas, but on different phases of the problems. In other instances, resources were applied to research in a different area. As an example, when research on humane slaughter was completed in 1963, the funds were applied to the dairy herd improvement program for expansion of that work.

Agricultural research is continually changing and such changes are reflected in current line projects. As the research programs progress, it becomes necessary to change and reemphasize the research objectives by revising and bringing

up to date the line projects. In many cases, the revisions include work of related projects which are superseded in order to consolidate certain phases necessary to meet the objectives of the revised projects and to conduct the research as efficiently as possible. In such instances, the funds for these projects are consolidated. New projects are established when entirely new lines of work are undertaken with funds from completed projects and when new research programs are provided by appropriated increases or by fund transfers.

Line projects are discontinued mainly when the research objectives have been reached. In some instances, research may progress to a point where it is obvious that it is not feasible to continue and a redirection or abandonment becomes necessary, either because of lack of funds and trained personnel or because the research does not appear to be fruitful.

Kinds of research included in the line projects discontinued during calendar year 1963 are described below by areas of work.

Animal husbandry research

The discontinued line projects in this division included research on production factors influencing beef tenderness; egg-producing process and visceral lymphomatosis in chickens; preservation and nutritive value of silages as affected by methods of harvesting and by type of silo-bunker compared with upright; practical ensiling procedures for silage for dairy cattle, and feeding systems, using available roughages, milk, and concentrates, for raising dairy calves; and humane slaughter. As a result of research on these line projects, five technical papers were published.

Animal disease and parasite research

Line projects on selected phases of some areas of this research program have been discontinued as the research has developed useful data, and new phases of research within the same areas of work become more important. The selected phases of research discontinued in 1963 included research on avian leukosis; rinderpest in cattle and swine; histopathology, immunology, and viruses of footand-mouth disease of cattle and poultry; parasites of sheep; and methods of artificial propagation of protozoan parasites. Thirty-seven publications and six films have been issued.

Crops research

The discontinued line projects in the Crop Research Division included research on pecan nutrition; hybrid tung and tung cultivation and fruit drop; canaigre culture; forecasting of blue mold of tobacco; cucurbit mildew; stone fruit culture, phony peach virus, and banana diseases; new crop-cape marigold and coffee classification; rice varieties; and taxonomy of pulp plants. Research findings from these projects have been published in 72 articles through farm bulletins, trade magazines, and presentations at meetings.

Soil and water conservation research

Two line projects on soil and water conservation research were completed during 1963-(1) amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium applied to economic crops, and (2) chemical composition and physical characteristics of agricultural limestone. Part of the data on the first line project has been published and a complete report is now in process for publication in a statistical bulletin. Eleven publications on the second discontinued line project have supplied information of value to producers and consumers of limestone. Agricultural engineering research

Line projects on selected phases of some areas of agricultural engineering research have been discontinued as the research has developed useful findings and as new lines of effort have been more important. For example, the resources devoted to a specific applied project, on the determination of agricultural spray pattern and drop size, are now devoted to a more basic study related to the actions and interactions of forces causing deposition of pesticide particles. Resources from other discontinued line projects have been directed to new and important related research. This redirection to new phases includes research in the following areas: development and improvement of production and cultural machinery for bunch and runner peanuts; equipment and methods for harvesting and handling apples, blueberries, cherries, potatoes, and prunes that are to be dried cutting and feeding mechanism of legume and grass seed crop harvesting equipment; electrostatic seed separation; and evaluation of electric equipment for reducing pig losses. Forty-four publications have been issued as a result of the research on these line projects and others are in process.

Utilization research and development

The discontinued line projects included those covering research in which the objectives were considered accomplished, and others encompassing completion of particular phases of continuing problems on

New and improved industrial products, chemical raw materials, and fermentative agents from cereal grains; industrial utilization of cereal starches for paper, textiles, synthetic resins, plastics, etc.; cereal-based media for production of toxicants, repellents, and attractants for control of insects; and food and feed products from soybeans, mustard seed, and other oilseeds.

Development of plant sources of precursors for steroid hormones; develop ment of canaigre to augment short domestic supply of vegetable tannins; and synthesis of selected plastic intermediates from animal fats.

Selected approaches to the development of improved machinery and processing methods for cotton; better utilization of cotton and cotton textiles; improved wash-and-wear cotton fabrics; drying of chemically modified cotton to produce superior quality and various finishes with respect to soiling and soil removal from cotton; utilization studies of rice, avocados, limes, and lemons; foam-mat drying of citrus juices; preservation of chilled citrus products; composition of citrus oil as related to flavor; new and improved confectionery fats and oils from cottonseed and peanut oils; processing studies to improve the quality of cottonseed oils and meals; constituents in cottonseed meal affecting utilization as protein supplement in nonruminant feeding; and commercial process for preparing cocoa-butter-like fat from cottonseed oils. Development of fire-retardant surface coatings from tung oil alkyds; composition of sugarcane in relations to processing efficiency; and utilization studies of turpentine.

Utilization research on new parboiled wheat food products; improved methods of finishing wool fabrics; processing methods and quality of product for new varieties of soft fruits and berries; chemical characteristics of dates and date products, shelled walnuts, almonds, and filberts; canning, freezing, or dehydration of new or improved varieties of Pacific Northwest vegetables and improved quality of processed green vegetables; allergenic reactions caused by castorbean meals; and quality and processing characteristics of egg products.

As a result of the research carried out under these discontinued line projects, 34 patents have been issued, 55 patents are in process, 318 scientific and technical articles have been published or presented at scientific meetings, and 91 are in the process of publication.

Nutrition and consumer use research

The discontinued line projects included those covering research in which the objectives were considered accomplished, and others encompassing completion of particular phases of continuing problems on: Basic commodities that go into good quality baked products; safe home processing requirements for pickles and relishes; amino acid content of selected foods; biosynthesis of B-vitamins by microorganisms; and the metabolic response of human adults to different combinations, types, and amounts of dietary proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Results of the research under these discontinued line projects have been published in 17 scientific papers.

Some phases of work on the composition and nutritive value of foods have been completed, as well as household practices in handling and storage of frozen foods; family expenditures and home management practices related to gainful employment of wives; variability in household food consumption; methods for obtaining data on farm family incomes, savings, assets, and debts; and replacement rate of durable household goods. Twenty-two publications have been issued and six papers have been presented at meetings.

Other phases of research were completed on principles of clothing repair; principles of construction of household textiles; performance characteristics of separate automatic cooking appliances; and performance of cotton knit fabrics as affected by staple length, mercerization, and blending with nylon. Publications on results of these research line projects are in preparation.

Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Michel.

PEORIA LABORATORY

Mr. MICHEL. Dr. Shaw, may I first address several questions to you relative to the improvements and enlarging of the northern utilization

research laboratory at Peoria? The additional land required for adding an L-is there, isn't it?

Dr. SHAW. Yes, sir.

Mr. MICHEL. Is there ample room between the present laboratory and the new expressway which goes right by the laboratory? Dr. SHAW. Yes, sir.

Mr. MICHEL. As I understand it, when Mr. Pope, our committee clerk, and I made an on-the-spot survey about a year ago last November, I think the folks told us that to complete an additional wing, projections of cost would come in the neighborhood of maybe $7.5 or $8 million. Now there obviously is not that amount that you have to work with in the $4.5 million. Have you been able to make adjustments that still will provide a full L, so far as the facility part of it is concerned?

Dr. SHAW. It will be an L construction. It will not be as long as we had contemplated. I mean it won't be the full length that we had contemplated. Dr. Irving can probably give you more exact comparisons.

Dr. IRVING. The $7.5 million that you mentioned would have provided 72 laboratories; currently we plan to build 54. The length of the L is the primary difference. But there are other differences, such as air conditioning, where we now plan to use 50 percent air replacement instead of 100 percent. We will not be able to build certain high-pressure facilities that we intended to build. We would eliminate basement physical testing laboratories and cold rooms that had originally been visualized. But the 54 laboratories we will build will be ready for research personnel to move in. They will be fully utilizable working space. However, we will be short by 18 laboratories over our original plan and will have to do without certain other supporting facilities that we had visualized, and could have used.

Mr. MICHEL. If you look down the road a few years, does this L, now that it will not be as large as originally envisaged, still be conducive to filling out to its full length at some future date?

Dr. IRVING. Yes, sir.

Mr. MICHEL. Granted it would require an additional amount of money, but would there have to be considerable revamping of the new construction to accommodate an addition in some future year? Dr. IRVING. NO. I think it could very readily be done.

Mr. MICHEL. Will the general facade of the new addition be in keeping with the present building?

Dr. IRVING. It will be.

Mr. MICHEL. And what will we hope to accomplish there with these additional laboratories by way of utilization research? Have you firmed up your plans enough to know what areas would be pushed or given priority, for example?

Dr. IRVING. We would plan to expand our going programs there, which are, as you know, developing industrial uses for cereal products, soybeans and flaxseed, improving the food uses for soybean oil, and conducting industrial fermentation work; in other words, we would be able to expand the programs currently underway at the Peoria laboratory.

Mr. MICHEL. What would be your estimate of the time when these plans would be firmed up enough to advertise for bids, I guess, or when would GSA be in a position of advertising for bids?

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