STIMSON, F. J.: Handbook to the Labor Law of the U. S., 1895. United States Civil Service Commission, Eighteenth Annual Report, 1901, p. 150; Twentieth Report, 1902, pp. 183-87.

United States, Department of Labor, 1904, 10. Special Report, Labor Laws of the U.S.

VANDERLIP, F. A.: “Insurance for Workingmen,” North American Review, Vol. CLXXXI, December, 1905, pp. 921–32.

v. WALTERSHAUSEN, A. SARTORIUS, FREIHEER: "Das Hilfskassenwesen in Nord-Amerika," Jahrb. f. Nat.-Oekon, u. Stat., Bd. XLV (N. F. 10), 1885.

WAUDBY, W. S.: Mutual Relief and Benefit Associations in the Printing Trade, U. S. Department of Labor, Bulletin No. 19, 1898, pp. 829-51.

WEBER, ADNA F.: "Accident Insurance," Political Science Quarterly, Vol. XVII, 1902, pp. 256-83.

WEBER, GUSTAVUS A.: "Workingmen's Insurance in the United States," Internationaler Arbeiter-Versicherungs-Congress, 1902, Dusseldorf, pp. 617-42.

WILLOUGHBY, W. F.: Workingmen's Insurance, 1898.

·: “Unemployment and Trades Unions," Commons (J. R. ed.); Trade Unionism (cf. Political Science Quarterly, Vol. XII, 1897, p. 476).

WRIGHT, C. D.: Practical Sociology, 1899, p. 270.

ZACHER, G.: "Die Arbeiterversicherung auf der Weltausstellung in St. Louis, 1904;" Sonderabdruck aus dem Amtlichen Berichte des Deutschen Reichskommissars, Berlin, 1906 (S. 515 ff.).

: "Leitfaden zur Arbeiterversicherung des Deutschen Reichs," mit internationaler übersicht im Anhang, S. 40 ff. 10. Ausg. (deutsch. engl., französisch), Berlin, 1904; 11. Ausg., Berlin, 1906; 13. Ausgabe, Berlin, 1908.

Twenty-third Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Labor, 1908: "Workmen's Insurance and Benefit Funds in the United States," Washington, 1909.

Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Labor, 1910-11. (On European plans and laws.)

Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor, No. 90, 1910. Valuable account of

recent phases of the movement.

APPENDIX B 1

COMMON CARRIERS' LIABILITY LAW

[H. R. 20310.]

An Act Relating to the liability of common carriers by railroad to their employees in certain cases.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: That every common carrier by railroad while engaging in commerce between any of the several States or Territories, or between any of the States and Territories, or between the District of Columbia and any of the States or Territories, or between the District of Columbia or any of the States or Territories and any foreign nation or nations, shall be liable in damages to any person suffering injury while he is employed by such carrier in such commerce, or, in case of the death of such employee, to his or her personal representative, for the benefit of the surviving widow or husband and children of such employee; and, if none, then of such employee's parents; and, if none, then of the next of kin dependent upon such employee, for such injury or death resulting in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such carrier, or by reason of any defect or insufficiency, due to its negligence, in its cars, engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works, boats, wharves, or other equipment.

SEC. 2. That every common carrier by railroad in the Territories, the District of Columbia, the Panama Canal Zone, or other possessions of the United States shall be liable in damages to any person suffering injury while he is employed by such carrier in any of said jurisdictions, or, in case of the death of such employee, to his or her personal representative, for the benefit of the surviving widow or husband and children of such employee; and, if none, then of such employee's parents; and, if none, then of the next of kin dependent upon such employee, for

1 The common carriers' liability law of 1903 was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on January 6, 1908. On April 22, 1908, President Roosevelt approved an amended form of the law.

The printing of these laws, bills and plans of employers in this volume does not carry with it the approval of the author. Criticisms are found in the text.-C. R. HENDERSON.

such injury or death resulting in whole or in part from the negligence of any of the officers, agents, or employees of such carrier, or by reason of any defect or insufficiency, due to its negligence, in its cars, engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed, works, boats, wharves, or other equipment.

SEC. 3. That in all actions hereafter brought against any such common carrier by railroad under or by virtue of any of the provisions of this Act to recover damages for personal injuries to an employee, or where such injuries have resulted in his death, the fact that the employee may have been guilty of contributory negligence shall not bar a recovery, but the damages shall be diminished by the jury in proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to such employee: Provided, That no such employee who may be injured or killed shall be held to have been guilty of contributory negligence in any case where the violation by such common carrier of any statute enacted for the safety of employees contributed to the injury or death of such employee.

SEC. 4. That in any action brought against any common carrier under or by virtue of any of the provisions of this Act to recover damages for injuries to, or the death of, any of its employees, such employee shall not be held to have assumed the risks of his employment in any case where the violation by such common carrier of any statute enacted for the safety of employees contributed to the injury or death of such employee.

SEC. 5. That any contract, rule, regulation, or device whatsoever, the purpose or intent of which shall be to enable any common carrier to exempt itself from any liability created by this Act, shall to that extent be void: Provided, That in any action brought against any such common carrier under or by virtue of any of the provisions of this Act, such common carrier may set off therein any sum it has contributed or paid to any insurance, relief benefit, or indemnity that may have been paid to the injured employee, or the person entitled thereto, on account of the injury or death for which said action was brought. SEC. 6. That no action shall be maintained under this Act unless commenced within two years from the day the cause of action accrued.

SEC. 7. That the term "common carrier" as used in this Act shall include the receiver or receivers or other persons or corporations charged with the duty of the management and operation of the business of a common carrier.

SEC. 8. That nothing in this Act shall be held to limit the duty or

liability of common carriers or to impair the rights of their employees under any other Act or Acts of Congress, or to affect the prosecution of any pending proceeding or right of action under the Act of Congress entitled “An Act relating to liability of common carriers in the District of Columbia and Territories, and to common carriers engaged in commerce between the States and between the States and foreign nations to their employees," approved June eleventh, nineteen hundred and six.

Approved, April 22, 1908.

APPENDIX C

FEDERAL COMPENSATION LAW

[H. R. 21844.]

An Act Granting to certain employees of the United States the right to receive from it compensation for injuries sustained in the course of their employment.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: That when, on or after August first, nineteen hundred and eight, any person employed by the United States as an artisan or laborer in any of its manufacturing establishments, arsenals, or navy-yards, or in the construction of river and harbor or fortification work or in hazardous employment on construction work in the reclamation of arid lands or the management and control of the same, or in hazardous employment under the Isthmian Canal Commission, is injured in the course of such employment, such employee shall be entitled to receive for one year thereafter, unless such employee, in the opinion of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, be sooner able to resume work, the same pay as if he continued to be employed, such payment to be made under such regulations as the Secretary of Commerce and Labor may prescribe: Provided, That no compensation shall be paid under this Act where the injury is due to the negligence or misconduct of the employee injured, nor unless said injury shall continue for more than fifteen days. All questions of negligence or misconduct shall be determined by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor.

SEC. 2. That if any artisan or laborer so employed shall die during the said year by reason of such injury received in the course of such employment, leaving a widow, or a child or children under sixteen years of age, or a dependent parent, such widow and child or children and dependent parent shall be entitled to receive, in such portions and under such regulations as the Secretary of Commerce and Labor may prescribe, the same amount, for the remainder of the said year, that said artisan or laborer would be entitled to receive as pay if such employee were alive and continued to be employed: Provided, That if the widow shall die at any time during the said year her portion of