Senator STENNIS. But you are talking about striking these out now. Were equal provisions written in the present appropriation bill and you are proposing to leave them out? Mr. PEARL. We are proposing to leave them out of the act now before you. Senator STENNIS. All right, thank you very much, gentlemen. Mr. SHORT. Yes, sir. Senator STENNIS. That will please the Chair very much. Would you care to proceed now? Mr. SHORT. My statement will be very brief. Senator STENNIS. Those of you who are going to testify for the Army, if you will just come forward, gentlemen, even though we take a recess we can let you be sworn, if you do not mind. Do you and each of you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God. Mr. SHORT. I do. General SEEMAN. I do. Colonel EVANS. I do. Mr. WESTERNBERGER. I do. General TRAUB. I do. Colonel MCCARTY. I do. Mr. van KUREN. I do. Senator STENNIS. Will you have a seat. We are glad to have you gentlemen here with us. We will proceed now, Mr. Secretary, with your testimony and then take a recess until such time as may be convenient for the witnesses and to the committee. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY STATEMENT OF HON. DEWEY SHORT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY (MANPOWER, PERSONNEL, AND RESERVE FORCES), ACCOMPANIED BY MAJ. GEN. L. E. SEEMAN, DIRECTOR OF INSTALLATIONS, OFFICE, DEPUTY CHIEF OF STAFF FOR LOGISTICS; COL. E. L. EVANS, JR., CHIEF, CONSTRUCTION DIVISION O, DIR/INSTALLATIONS, DCSLOG; L. A. WESTENBERGER, CHIEF, PUBLIC WORKS PLANNING BRANCH, CONSTRUCTION DIVISION O, DIR/INSTALLATIONS, DCSLOG; MAJ. GEN. D. W. TRAUB, DIRECTOR OF ARMY BUDGET OFFICE, COMPTROLLER OF THE ARMY; COL. R. D. MCCARTY, CHIEF FAMILY HOUSING DIVISION O, DIR/INSTALLATIONS, DCSLOG; LT. COL. L. C. LEE, CHIEF, AIR DEFENSE CONSTRUCTION BRANCH CONSTRUCTION DIVISICN O, DIR/INSTALLATIONS, DCSLOG, AND H. D. VAN KUREN, SERVICES AND INSTALLATIONS OFFICE, OFFICE, CHIEF OF ORDNANCE TOTAL APPROPRIATION REQUEST Mr. SHORT. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. This year, fiscal year 1960, the Army is requesting a total of new appropriations in the amount of $341,371,000. These funds are required to finance a funding plan for fiscal year 1960, which is composed of some $193,539,000 for fiscal year 1960 new authorizations; $117,332,000 for fiscal year 1959 and prior years' authorizations; and $30,500,000 of general authorization. I would like to emphasize at this point that the program which you have before you has been developed under the most rigid budgetary guidelines, and represents the results of many exhaustive reviews. We consider it to be minimal in character when viewed against the background of our U.S. Army's heavy responsibilities in these troubled times. I don't need to remind the distinguished Senator from Mississippi who is fully aware of the many vital missions which have been assigned to our Army and you are equally aware of the importance of these missions to our Nation's security. Today, when the free world literally stands face to face with an explosive issue concerning the status of Berlin, the Army represents a forward bulwark in our first line of defense. Equipped with the most advanced and lethal weapons systems available, our Army forces overseas stand ready with convincing arguments of deterrence to aggression anywhere in the world. We have witnessed that not only in the Far East at Matsu, Quemoy and Lebanon but we are witnessing it in Berlin today. The funds that the Army is requesting will increase its capability by certain additions of facilities to support both forces overseas and here at home. The Army is asking financial approval for authorization contained in S. 1086, in the amount of $193,539,000, plus $147,832,000 in authorizations from prior years. Army witnesses who will follow me will, of course, present detailed justification for the projects included in the fiscal year 1960 program. However, there are certain major subprograms of special and vital interest which I would like to touch upon briefly. CONSTRUCTION FOR GUIDED MISSILES First, I would like to review the Army's increasing use of guided missiles in support of our field forces and in the performance of its missions in support of our Nation's air defense. Construction for these missiles falls into three broad categories: The surface-to-air missile programs for defense of our key bases and metropolitan and industrial centers in the United States and our military installations overseas; modernization and expansion of our specialized schools for training of missile technicians, such as you and I have visited at Fort Bliss; and, finally, logistic support of the vitally important research, development, and test facilities required in the evolution of the NIKE-ZEUS anti-ICBM missile. In these areas the Army is requesting some $146.6 million, or almost 43 percent of the entire request. HOUSING FUNDS The third major portion of the program to which I address myself is that of $38.9 million for provision of troop, bachelor officer and family housing to meet, in part, but only in part, existing deficiencies in these facilities throughout the Army. This program includes only 3,038 spaces for permanent barracks for enlisted men; 302 spaces for permanent bachelor officer quarters, and 540 sets of family quarters. This last figure does not include Capehart housing, since it is built through nonappropriated funds, except for MCA offsite utility support. This by no means implies that we consider the Capehart program anything except one of our greatest assets and a most important implement for meeting the bulk of our family housing needs. Additionally, this segment contains 2,790 spaces of semipermanent enlisted barracks and 190 semipermanent BOQ spaces for housing at certain locations overseas and at other installations where we have an immediate and demonstrable need for such housing. We are asking that this construction be semipermanent because the tenure of the requirement is such that these type facilities represent the most economical solution to the need. MILITARY ACADEMY BARRACKS Also included in this program is about $5 million for permanent barracks at the U.S. Military Academy for 526 cadets. These spaces are in a student dormitory type of structure having 263 rooms for two cadets each. For semipermanent barracks at Camp Buckner for cadet summer training there is included $330,000 for 240 cadet spaces. I consider all these housing facilities essential and a matter of great importance. Further, they will have a most important bearing on our ability to attract and retain in the service the type of trained personnel who constitute the backbone of the Army's strength, the hard core of a professional force. ARMY AVIATION Without detracting from the importance of the major program segments which I have mentioned, I would like to bring to your attention two other portions of the program which deserve more than passing reference. The first of these is the increasing role Army aviation plays in the missions of our modern Army. The new and lethal missiles with which our Army is equipped require much earlier and more precise methods of target identification and report than did the shorter ranged conventional artillery of World War II. Additionally, the fluid and dispersed nature of battlefield deployments in the pentomic army in nuclear warfare bring critical importance to a commander's knowledge of the strength and location of his enemy and to his ability to concentrate or disperse his own resources rapidly. The Army, within the limitations placed upon it, has developed a family of Army aircraft which fulfills missions of observation, airlift for troops and combat supplies in the battle zone, communications and battlefield surveillance, target acquisition, and battlefield casualty evacuation. NEW FORMS OF AERIAL TRANSPORT Additionally, we are developing and testing new forms of aerial transport, including such projects as tilt wing aircraft and the flying jeep. For the support of these activities, and to provide the operational and maintenance facilities for aircraft now with our field forces, the Army has allocated 3 percent, or $10.8 million, a modest sum in our judgment, of the total requested in this appropriation program. HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL FACILITIES The second special portion of this program I would like to call to the committee's attention is that which is devoted to financing sorely needed hospital and medical facilities in the United States and overseas. The Army still must rely on a great number of temporary type hospitals, which were constructed in World War II for an expected life span of 5 years. That is almost 15 years ago. Continued use of these sprawling and uneconomical structures is a heavy drain on the Army's reduced maintenance funds and personnel when we can least afford it. When you consider the expensive equipment that is in many of the shabby old-dilapidated buildings, you can appreciate the great risk that we run. In this appropriation request the Army is requesting $9.9 million to construct new permanent hospital facilities at three installations. ALABAMA, VIRGINIA, AND COLORADO PROJECTS Additionally, we are requesting $1.7 million to modify an existing structure at Redstone Arsenal, Ala., for hospital purposes, and to aircondition the hospital at Fort Belvoir, Va.-it is a shame we did not include airconditioning when we built that very fine structure, but always you labor under the budgetary limitations and then the next is to convert a wing to provide a recovery ward at Fitzsimons Army Hospital, Colo. Additional, but relatively minor, projects in this category are requested to provide ancillary hospital and dispensary facilities at certain overseas installations. The Army feels that these projects are in large measure vital to the well-being and morale of its people, and we solicit your strong support of these projects. SUPPORT OF RESERVE COMPONENTS I turn now to the request for fiscal year 1960 appropriations in support of the Reserve components of the Army. There are two such components; namely, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. Let me say here parenthetically, Mr. Chairman, I think our Reserve forces, both the Army Reserve and the National Guard, are far stronger and more effective today than ever before in our peacetime history; that is due to the full cooperation and understanding that we have received from the Congress and the better spirit of cooperation between the Guard, the Reserves, and our active Army forces. These two components are the Army National Guard and Army Reserve. FUNDS FOR NEW ARMORIES The appropriation request for the Army National Guard amounts to $11 million, which will be utilized to provide 79 new armories, 8 projects for conversion of present armories, and 7 nonarmory projects. For the Army Reserve the requested appropriation amounts to $20 million, which will provide 67 new Army Reserve centers and approximately 75 projects for additions to present centers. This, gentlemen, completes my summation of the Army's appropriation request which is now before this committee. I appreciate your patience and time in hearing me before the lunch hour. It is a ways good to see the Senator from Mississippi and the distinguished chairman of this subcommittee. I am sure that these other witnesses after you get a bit to eat, will be able to answer in detail any questions you might have about particular items, line items, in the bill. Senator STENNIS. Thank you very much, Secretary Short. Mr. SHORT. Yes, sir; I will stay on. Senator STENNIS. We will have General Seeman and General Traub here this afternoon, as you have said, and others. I want to mention a few things. First, you talk about the Army and its fine fighting forces. I heartily agree with your summation on that. I think, Mr. Secretary and gentlemen, of all our vast military program I feel that we are partly overlooking the Army and ought to move faster on modernizing their equipment, fighting arms. PROSPECTS OF LIMITED WAR I think the missile programs have developed so well, and I am speaking of intercontinental ballistic missiles, that the great chances are that in the next decade there will be plenty of trouble spots, but they will be matters that will be largely handled on the ground and the fact that you know you can handle them on the ground will be a big deterrent. I do not know if there is any such thing as limited war or not. I do not know how long it will be limited. But the fact that you are ready on the ground gives you a chance maybe to contain it or a chance to keep it from ever developing. We must keep our Army modern and ir a first-rate condition to fight. Mr. SHORT. I am much pleased to hear, and encouraged to hear the chairman state what he has. MODERNIZATION OF GROUND WEAPONS Senator STENNIS. I think we ought to go faster in modernizing the ground weapons, the rifles and all other equipment. I am not familiar with all phases of it. Mr. SHORT. I cannot agree with the gentleman more heartily. Certainly our potential enemies have not spared any effort or expense in modernizing their equipment. Senator STENNIS. I have been impressed with these little planes you have, battle planes I call them. You are using them more and |