marfhal Suwarrow, and with the inconvenience which thence refulted to Maffena, he was delivered from all apprehenfion of an eruption beyond the Rhine, on the part of the French, and refolved to carry the war again into the canton of Zurich, with the intention of making a diverfion, at leaft, in favour of the Ruffian general, and thus to enable him either to derive advantage from his first fucceffes, or to fecure his retreat into the Grifon country. This diverfion, however, fo much wished for by Suwarrow, and rendered neceffary by circumftances, was refolved on too late. The field-marfhal was already in the valley of the Rhine, and Maffena already returned with his troops into the canton of Zurich.

The Ruffian army, under prince Korfakow, after the retreat from Zurich, took a pofition extending from Eglifau to Conftance. On the fixth of October, the French, in force, came to reconnoitre, and retired in the evening; but, as fuppofed, not far, and therefore an immediate attack was expected. General Korfakow the next morning croffed the Rhine, to feek the enemy, and found him ftrongly pofted. Notwithstanding fuch a fituation, the general of the Ruffians attacked him immediately, with the greatest intrepidity, and with fixed bayonets. The French fled to the woods, by which their right was covered, and endeavoured to take a fresh pofition, from which they were likewife driven, as they were from a third, which was nearly more unfortunate than the two others. Two of their battalions had thrown down their arms, and were on the point of furrendering, when their cavalry,

The

and a large body of infantry, headed by Maffena, in perfon, came up and faved them. It being no lon→ ger prudent to continue the engagement against a force now become greatly fuperior, and which might be ftill farther reinforced, general Korfakow withdrew his corps, and arrived in his camp at fix in the evening. At the fame time, the French attacked the town of Conftance, where the prince of Condé was stationed with his troops, amounting to 4 or 5,000. prince being too weak in numbers to oppofe the enemy, and defend the town, after fome unsuccessful efforts, was obliged to retreat; and finding the town in poffeffion of the enemy, and no other means of bringing off his troops, was forced upon the measure of fighting his way through the streets; in the execution of which defperate meafure, his corps difplayed the greatest gallantry, particularly the grena diers of Bourbon. The prince

encamped on the other fide of the lake, and on the ninth fixed his head-quarters at Stachingen, near Stock-ach. It may be expected, that fomething fhall be faid with regard to the lofs of men, on both fides, in Switzerland, from the twenty-fifth of September to the ninth of October. According to the moft ingenious and accurate computation, it appears, that the void occafioned in the ranks of the allies, in the course of three weeks, was about 15,000 men; and that the lofs of the French, in the fame period, did not exceed 9,000.

The pofition taken by the two Ruffian armies, behind the lake of Conftance, obliged prince Charles to put his troops in motion. Hə reinforced generals Lineken, Auffemberg,

this was redeemed by the magiftrates, at the expense of only a few hundreds of louis. Having made themselves mafters of Manheim, between the Maine and the Lahn, they proceeded in their career, and drove the imperial troops from Manheim and Heidel berg, to the Enz. Towards the end of October, the archduke found himself in a situation attacked in the Palatinate and in Franconia, and threatened in the Grifon country and Suabia: he faw the Ruffians abandoning the theatre of war. The two armies oppofite to him confifted of more than 100,000 men, and he had himself fcarcely 70,000 to line the banks of the Rhine, from its fource as far as Kehl, to defend Suabia, and fupport the armed peafants, who covered Franconia.

In thefe critical circumftances, the posts of the archduke were fo well chofen, that on whatever points the enemy might wish to pafs the Rhine, a large body of troops might immediately unite against them. The archduke, who overlooked, the whole from his excellent central pofition at Donawee Schwingen, was enabled to fend fome reinforcements to the Neckar, which arrived there on the last days of October. On the tenth of that month he addreffed a proclamation to the ftates and inhabitants of the German empire, recapitulating the efforts made, and the expenfes incurred by the emperor, for the defence of the former, and renewing his folicitations for

the arming of the contingents, and the payments of the Roman months. It was alfo about this period that the declaration of the emperor of Ruffia to the members of the Germanic empire, (alluded to in our fifth chapter, and to be found among the State Papers in this volume), was prefented to the diet of Ratifbon.* The folicitations of the two emperors had no effect on the principal powers of Germany. Pruffia, Saxony, and all the north, perfifted in their nutrality, and in the treaties by which this was guaranteed to them by France. The fouth, more threatened with danger, not being included within the line of demarcation, and in fome measure dependent Auftria, made fome efforts. The elector of Bavaria contributed not only his contingent, but all the troops he had in the Palatinate: the duke of Wurtemberg about 2,500: the circle of Suabia refolved on the future armament of 10,000 men. Wurtzburg and Bamberg thought alfo of contributing to the defence of Franconia, and formed fome companies of peasants.

The imperialifts and the French, at the end of October, were opposed to each other on the banks of the Maine, the Neckar, the Enz, and the Rhine. The object of the French was to cover the fiege of Philipsburgh, which they bombarded, and hoped to carry, by the weight of their fire: that of the Auftrians was to raise it, and, at all events, to fhelter the duchy of Wurtemberg. The Auftrians, bes

ing reinforced on the third and following days of November, compelled them to withdraw into the angle formed by the Neckar and the Rhine, and raise the blockade of Philipfburgh. This fortrefs, ftill refolutely defended by the heroic thingrave, of Salm, was again attacked and again relieved; and the French, under the command of

Lecourbe, forced to retire to Manheim. The French general propofed an armistice, which was accepted, on condition that it fhould be ratified by the archduke, who, for the best military reasons, refused to do it. The French were therefore obliged to evacuate Manheim and Neckerrau, and completely to re-pafs the Rhine.

CHAP