ART. 12. The Age of Prophecy or further Teftimony of the Miffion of Richard Brothers. By a Convert. 8vo. 46 pp. 18. Parfons, &c. 1795. Irony; but paltry enough. In one refpect, the author feems to have hit the truth. "It is the defire" he fays "of violent, and illprincipled men, to create diftruft, diforder, and anarchy: and for that purpose a more proper inftrument could not be found than Mr, Brothers; and I really think he is that paffive tool of fome men of the above description, who would ride in the whirlwind, and direct the ftorm," p. 39. The truth is, that in almoft every inftance, we fee democracy, and the real or pretended belief in this creature united. The fhops that fell the pamphlets of Eaton, deal alfo in the prophecies of Brothers. In many cafes it appears, that the contagion of infanity has actually caught the friends of anarchy: how elle has it happened, that a very eminent engraver, whofe political principles are but too notorious, has executed a fine print of Brothers? The infcription of the print ftrongly juftifies the conjecture. It is this, "Firmly believing this to be the Man appointed by God, I engrave his likenefs.' ART. 73. A Ramble through Holland, France, and Italy; in tro ART. 74. An Agricultural Dictionary, confiftir the eighth volume we meet with the continuation of thefe Voyages from 1667 to 1727, which are concluded, in the ninth, with that of Father Loyer to Iffini. Ibid. ART, 82. Olai Gerhardi Tychfen, LL. OO. in Arad. Roftock. P. P. We are here presented with a very learned and comprehenfive introduction to the knowledge of Mohammedan coins, in general, and not to thofe only which are more properly denominated ancient Arabic or Cufic coins. In the firft part the author communicates the requifite hiftorical information drawn from different Arabic writers on the fubject of the origin of Arabic coins, particularly on the changes that have taken place in, and the weight of thofe introduced by Abdolmalek. In his defcription of thefe he conforms to the account given of them by Macrizi, either entirely rejecting thofe of Elmacen, Kothaiba, and Sojuthi, or, at leaft, confidering them as very fuperficial and defective; in which, as to what regards their weights and metals, his statements are confirmed by an examination of the originals themselves, which are still preferved. As therefore so much depends on these preliminary notices, for which Mr. T. is indebted partly to the accounts of them tranfmitted to us by Arabic writers, and partly to his own examination of the coins themselves, he has extracted what was moft to his purpose from a MS, which had already been described in the Biblioth. Arab. Hifp. Efeurial. of the celebrated Cafiri, which may likewife be compared with the Repert. für Morgenl. u. Bibl. Lit, IX. f. 211. In order to facilitate the decyphering of fuch coins, the author recommends it to his readers firft ta difcover the year in which any particular coin was ftruck; after which, with the aid of history, it will be eafy to find out the names of the chalifs, vezîrs, and vaffals, together with their titles, To render this still more generally practicable, Mr. T. has here added the complete series of the chalifs, both of the race of the Ommiada and Abbafidæ, with their Arabic names and the epochs of their acceffion to the government; as alfo the names of the Regents or Dynasts, who, fince the close of the third century of the Hegira, have divided among them the heretofore unwieldly empire of the chalifs, and who, on the numerous coins which they caused to be truck, have at one time placed the name of the chalif before their own, whilft at another they have arrogated to themselves the title of chalif; then the names of the vezîrs, governors of towns, and fuperintendants of the mint, which fometimes appear on the coins, and which may often lead to a difcovery of the otherwife illegible date, or of the name of the chasif; laftly, an alphabetical index of the different towns, the names of which are to be met with on Cufic coins, pointing out the places where they were struck. 'The author has likewife prefented his readers with methods for reducing the Mohammedan to the Christian era, and vice verja. To difcover the year of our Lord correfponding with any given one of the Hegira, we are to multiply the latter by by 354 (the number of days forming a lunar year), then to divide the product by 365 (that of the days in a folar year), without paying any attention to the remainder; and, laftly, to add to this quotient, the 622 years which preceded the commencement of the Mohammedan era. On the contrary, to find out the year of the Hegira anfwering to any given year of Chrift, we are to fubtract 621 from that of our Lord, and then with the remaining number to proceed according to the rule of three, in the following manner: 131 Chrif tian are equal to 135 Turkifh years; how many of the latter therefore (if the year 1794 be affumed as the example, and 621 be fubtracted from it) do 1173 Chriftian years make? This number 173 multiplied by 135 produces 158355, which being divided by 131, leaves 1208 as the year of the Hegira. The remaining days are then reckoned as a year, fo that 1794 will be found to coincide with the 1209 year of the Hegira. But much of this trouble may be pared by reforting to the tables in Ulug Beig's Epoche celerriares, Oxon, 1650, published by Grave, or the introduction to Doignes Hiftoire des Huns, as tranflated into the German language by Dannert, where thefe calculations are made for a thousand years. The author then gives an account of the different works that have been written on the fubject of Mohammedan coins, among which thofe by Reifke, Kebrn, and Adler are the moft diftinguished; as alfo an entire chapter on the feveral public and private collections of them, as far as they are known to him. After thefe introductory notices, Mr. T. proceeds to the explanation of the different infcriptions, on the coins themselves; firft, of thofe of the chalifs, both of the race of the Ommiada and of the Abbafide, then of the Dynafts who acknowledged the latter to be the lawful fucceffors of Mohammed; next come the Mogul coins, which are followed by thofe of the western chalifs; the laft place being referved for thofe Cufic coins that have been ftruck by Chriftians. In the third part are comprized the comparatively modern coins. fuch as thofe of the Scherifs of Morocco, the Turkish, Tataric, Yemenic, Perfian, Mogul, and Chriftian coins, arranged according to the fucceffion of the princes by whom, and the towns in which they were ftruck. The whole is interfperfed with a variety of ingenious remarks, fome of which we do not recollect to have met with in any former writer on the fubject of Arabic Numifmatology, but on which, as they might not be generally interefting to our readers, we shall not enlarge. Befides the Addenda and Corrigenda this work is likewife furnished with three indexes, the firft being that of the coins fpecified and illuftrated in it, the fecond that of the writers, and the laft that of the most remarkable circumstances and events mentioned in the book. Ibid. ART. 83. Cura noviffime in M. T. Ciceronis Tufculanas Quæf tiones auctore H. T. Niffen, XVI. and 120 pp. in large 8vo. Altona. In the year 1791 the author of the work now before us published his Obfervations on the book of Cicero De Finibus, to the manner adopted adopted in which he has likewife conformed in the prefent work. The notes confift of fhort Scholia on, together with fome very judicious emendations of, difficult paffages which occur in the Tufculan Differtations, partly felected from other expofitions, and partly refulting from Mr. N's own particular attention to this valuable work of the Roman Orator and Philofopher. At the time of the publication of these remarks the edition of the Tufculan Questions by Wolf had not yet appeared. Ibid. Ακτ. 84. Κλ. Αιλιανός σοφίτε ποικίλης ίςοριας βιβλια 14. Ch Eliani Sophifta varia Hiftoria, Libri XIV. Halle 1723. 216 pp. in 8vo. A cheap, but incorrect, re-impreffion of the edition by Kühn, with the differences in that of Gronovius placed-under the text, but without either translation or index, Ibid. Ακτ. 85. Ξενοφῶνος ἀπομνημονευμάτων Σωκράτης Βίβλος 4. Xenophontis memorabilium Socratis diflorum atque fa&iorum libro IV. racenfuit Chrift. Godofr. Schütz. Editio fecunda auctior et emendatior. Halle, 1793. 198 pp. 8vo. Since the first appearance, in the year 1780, of this edition, which was alike diftinguished by the merit of the critical obfervations with which it was accompanied, and by the accuracy of the impreffion, the means for improving the text of the Memorabilia have, by the labours of different learned men, been greatly encreased. Imme. diately in the following year it was fucceeded by that of Zenne, who not only enriched his edition with the various readings found in that printed at Paris in 1541, and now firft collated for this purpofe, but fikewife with many valuable conjectural emendations and explanations of his own. Much has also been contributed towards the perfection of this celebrated book by the fucceffive exertions of Edwards and Owen, in the edition of it begun by the former, and published by the latter at Oxford in 1785, in which are inferted the Fariantes of feveral Paris, Florentine, and Roman MSS., of which Prof, Schneider afterwards availed himself in that printed by him at Leipfic, in the With the year 1790, and illuftrated with his own excellent notes. affiftance of thefe the prefent eminent philological fcholar has, as might naturally be expected, greatly improved his own edition of this work, having not only removed the few trifling typographical errors which he had difcovered in it, but likewise admitted à confiderable number of new readings into the text. Of many of these he had indeed before expreffed his approbation; as, for instance, of the change of singxòs into togyos, propofed by Ruhnkenius and foon after of χρήσεσθαι, recommended by Valckenaer infead of χρῆσθαι. Several of the former conjectural alterations are alfo now honour'd with a place in the text, inasmuch as they have been found to be confirmed by the authority of MSS. lately collated, or because they have been pronounced genuine by the united judgement of different learned To the former clafs belong III. 6, 11. xλintstðar fuggested by Valckenaer for k, and now shown to be the reading of a men. MS. FOREIGN CATALOGUE. Germany. 563 MS. in the Vatican library; the rejection in HII. 12, 2. by Ruhnkenius, of the words iar la Tuxwe found alfo to be omitted in Cod. Belaσέσπές; ΙΙ. 1, 12. ἀξιώσεις and θεραπεύσεις propofed by Schneider, and required by the analogy of Grammar; as is alfo II. 6, 31. Qüyɛîı instead of pruyen; and II. 1, 24. dǹ on fubstituted by Budaeus for oxomein μóvov denon, to which the author had objected in his former. edition. Among the emendations now. first introduced by Mr. Sch. into the text of his edition, on the authority of MSS, Stobæus, Suidas, &c. we may specify the following, as on the first page Snore, reftored by Zeune, from Gregor. Cor. in the room of molì; I. 1, 6. Havrevoμéves, a conjecture of Reiske confirmed by Cod. Paris. 1. 2, 30. oi vixò from Suidas, and goonvoxodus likewife from Suidas and a MS; I. 2, 37, Tav ähλv Tolv in the place of Sixxion, from a Cod. Paris; I. III. 30. paloxidúve from a Cod. Meerm. ; I. V. 2. žynoxiμed° a instead of yoóurda from Stobæus; II. 45. kv ådeig from a Cod. Paris, for inávilai; II. 1, 19. mas ex oid xen in the room of mãs in vioda ŵs xen from a MS. of Stobaus; II. 2, 5. τὰ κεχαρισμένα, and afterwards, Ti dzí In the place of ri d', from the fame. In most of these emendations the prefent editor agrees with Schneider, whom he does not, however, conftantly follow. Thus, I. 1. 14. he retains the ufual reading ra TuxovTax Ingix (See Eufeb. Præp. Evang. XV, 62) whereas, Schneider had adopted from a MS. in the library at Florence καὶ τὰ τυχόντα θηρία; and, § 19. Σωκράτης δὲ πάντα μ nyčio, which Schneider had tranfpofed; as he also objects, with Ernefti, IV, 7. 4. to the change of vuxling into uxling recommended by Schneider. Ibid. ART. 86. Handbuch der alten Erdbefchreibung nach Anleitung der Danvillefchen Landcharten; des Zweyten Theils erfte Abtheilung oder Afien (Afiens) Fünftes und fechftes Kapitel, oder Phönizien, Cölefyrien, und Palüftina, mit einer Landkarte, von D. Paul. Jak. Bruns, Prof for und Bibliothekar in Helmftädt. Zaweyte verbefferte und ver mehrte Aufgabe.Manual of ancient Geography, after Danville's Maps; first Part of Vol. Second, being the Fifth and Sixth Chapters of Afia; or Phoenicia, Cælefyria, and Paleftine, with a Map. By Prof. Bruns. Nürnberg, 1794. VII. and CXII. pp. in 8vo The first edition of this work confifted of no more than LXXX. pages, fo that the additions made to it in this republication are as confiderable as they are, in our judgement, important, both to the biblical fcholar, and to geographical ftudents in general. In p. II, the author deduces the name of Phoenicians from Enakim, with the Egyptian article pi prefixed. This commercial nation having heard theinfelves fo called in Egypt during their voyages, might, perhaps, afterwards aflume that name in Greece. We think it the more probable that this name may have been derived from Egypt, because the Canaanites, or Phoenicians were originally on the Red Sea the neighbours of the Egyptians (See Michaelis Spicil. Geogr. ext. Hebr. p. 168.) At any rate, it feems not to have been introduced into Greece by the Tyrians or Sidonians, fince they ftill retained the appellation of Canaan among themselves, (ibid, p. 167,) nor does |