days, not to say his nights, to it, too often neglects the fand in the tones of the voice. This species of elocution has cultivation of those faculties which are of much more as well as the language of words, its elements. In like importance than Music of any kind whatever; for those manner it has its simplicity and its copiousness; it has its who pay so much attention to sound are seldom encumbered particular harmony with each object, and a general one with a superabundance of sense. That Music is the best, in with the whole subject. It has its melody, its variations, which sense is combined with sound, as that of the human and its propriety; and also its deficiencies and defects. voice. MUSIC, certainly, is extremely pleasing, and well There are three sorts of gestures; some imitative, as to hear, but to attain a thorough knowledge of the science, when we counterfeit the tones or the manners of any indiit requires too much time to be of any real benefit to the vidual; others indicative, which only point out any person, LEARNER; unless the Learner has an abundance of leisure, place, or thing; and, finally, there are affecting gestures, or is intended for a Professor. It cannot be denied, how- which paint the actions of the soul, and impress them on ever, that as an ART it is truly delightful; and as a RE- the spectator CREATION, if time can be allowed, that it is most innocent and useful.

The affecting gesture is the picture of the soul. It is this that puts life into discourse, and also makes eloquence triumph. It takes in all the attitudes of the body, and all its emotion without any exception.

One of the most remarkable properties of Music is, that it can affect us in whatever state of mind we may be when we hear it. If we are plunged into the most profound grief, There is no passion, nor emotion, nor a single part of an it exhilarates our spirits, and makes us for a time forget the emotion, but what has its particular gesture and tone, its cause of their depression; if we be under the influence of modulation, and its various degrees of gestures and tones. passion, it can calm our distempered souls, and restore rea- There is no orator without his peculiar gestures, and his inson to her throne and command. We read, that when SAUL dividual tones, to express this emotion. And, indeed, there was troubled with an evil spirit, the beautiful minstrelsy of is no auditor but what is capable of seizing this expression, DAVID restored him to reason and happiness; and it is and feeling its justness. exceedingly probable, that in modern times, and even in humble life, many instances might be found of its exerting a power no less wonderful and beneficent. And, in an inferior degree, every one who listens with pleasure to any species of Music experiences a similar effect.

ON READING AND PRONUNCIATION,

We cannot read in company, and much less speak in public, if we are not well versed in the rules of pronunciation. The first of these rules consists in clearness. To this end we must speak slowly, distinguish the sounds, not neglect the finals, separate the words, the syllables, sometimes even certain letters, that might be confounded together, or by their jarring produce an unpleasant sound; stop at the points and commas, and wheresoever clearness and sense require it; for which purpose, pay much attention to the READING

PAUSE, or PAUSE OF DISTINCTION.

Of all the emotions, the most correct, and the most eloquent, is that which discovers the confidence of the orator in the goodness of his cause, and his certainty of presenting it in a manner that shall persuade those to whom he is speaking. It is this emotion that constitutes what is called the tone of authority, when the orator, master of his subject, and also master of himself, appears confident without pride, and relies on himself for success.

There is no art but what requires some powers; but if there be any one that particularly requires, and is deserving of them, it is that of the ORATOR, who is called to speak in public, and to present TRUTH in a triumphant manner.

EASTERN APOLOGUE."

"An old man sold sour milk, with which every day he gained two shag (which is less than a halfpenny) by going with it to the market-place in a city, with which he bought bread for his wife and son. One day he brought the milk Secondly, the pronunciation must be easy and flowing; to a desolate village, and leaving it for a minute, a serpent for the moment the orator is in pain, the audience suffer. came and drank it, and put one tomaun (the value of fifteen Thirdly, we must assume that tone suitable to the subject. shillings) in the pit. The old man observed it, took the As there is a vast variety in these tones, it is very difficult tomaun, and went his way: thus it happened to him every to point out their differences, and to give their rules. But, it seems, they may be reduced to three kinds; the familiar tone, the nervous tone, and the middle tone, which may be so called, on account of the medium it keeps between the other two.

day upon that spot, until he became a man of property. When the hour of his death came, he said to his son, Carry milk every day upon that spot; you will thus gain a tomaun.' The old man died. The son gained every day one tomaun, by going to that place with milk; but one day the The FAMILIAR TONE is that of common conversation. son said to himself, This serpent has much money, I will It neither affects harmony nor runs into monotony. The kill her, and take the whole treasure at once.' He went, NERVOUS TONE is that which is used in delivering weighty and cast a stone upon the serpent's head, which wounded discourses, or in reading very serious works. The voice is her. The serpent said to the son, Do not come here again. always full, the syllables are pronounced with a sort of Thy father was an old man, he brought milk here, and I left melody; and the inflexions are never varied but with dignity. one tomaun for it; thy father died, and I gave it to thee by The MIDDLE TONE has a little more preparation than the God's command. As you are now become covetous, and familiar, and a little less than the nervous, or supported wanted to kill me, I kill thee.' She did bite him, and he tone. These three pecies of tones have each their de- died. Be not covetous, for by covetousness thou losest thy grees, in which there is more or less energy, according to benefactor.'"-Wolff's Journal. the subject, the audience, and the place in which it is delivered.

In regard to action and declamation, it is a sort of corporal eloquence and expression that consists in the gestures

LONDON-Printed for the Proprietors, and Published by W. EDWARDS, 12, Ave-Maria-lane, Paternoster-row.

Printed by MILLS, JOWETT, and MILLE, Belt-court, Flect-street,

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE, an inland county, is in the diocese of Ely, and in the Norfolk circuit. It is 50 miles in length, 25 in breadth, and 130 in circumference. It contains 17 hundreds, 163 parishes, and 7 market towns.

This county takes its name from its principal town, Cambridge, which evidently derives its name from its bridge over the river Cam. It is bounded on the north by Lincolnshire, on the south by Hertfordshire and Essex, on the east by Norfolk and Suffolk, and on the west by Huntingdonshire and Bedfordshire.

very straggling and badly-built place. It is, however, populous, and has a very considerable internal trade. This latter circumstance is chiefly owing to its containing one of our Universities, consisting of sixteen halls, and having an immense number of students; in which respect, however, the University of CAMBRIDGE is greatly inferior to that: of OXFORD. Cambridge appears to have been a place of considerable antiquity, and was a well-fortified station in the time of the ROMANS.. The most remarkable antiquities now extant are the remains of Pythagoras' School, Barnwell. Priory, and the ruins of an old castle and intrenchments. It was called by the Romans Caruboritum. It suffered Cambridgeshire is divided into two unequal parts by the river greatly in the Danish wars; and in the rebellion of Wat Ouse, which waters a considerable portion of its breadth. Tyler and Jack Straw, against RICHARD II., they entered The northern portion of the county, thus divided, consists, the town, and burnt the records of the University. The ori for the most part, of a vast extent of Fens, called the "Isle ginal foundation of this seminary is involved in great obscurity. of Ely." In this marshy and flat district, however, there Among the most remarkable characters of Cambridge are numerous high tracts, which have, from being sur- was JEREMY TAYLOR, chaplain to CHARLES I., who has rounded with marshes and pieces of water, all the appear- been called the Christian Plato. He was the son of a ance of little islets. These, and a good deal of the marshy barber. HENRY KIRK WHITE died here in 1806, in conland round them, which has been retained by skilful and sequence of too much exertion in the pursuit of his studies. laborious draining, are extremely fertile, and yield large CUMBERLAND, the author of several " Dramatic Works," crops of various kinds of corn, but especially oats. Some" The Observer," a periodical paper of 6 vols., &c., was portion of this district, too, is appropriated to grazing pur- also a native. He died in 1811. HOBSON, the carrier, poses. It is on one of the largest of these islets that the city whom MILTON has immortalized in his verse, and from of Ely is built. This is by no means a well-built or popu- whom originated the saying of "Hobson's Choice," first lous place, but is much noted on account of its ancient and let out horses at this place. He died in 1630. Cambridge very beautiful cathedral. It derives considerable annual is 13 miles from St. Ives, Royston, and Newmarket, 16 profit from the manufacture of a peculiar kind of clay, which from Ely, and 51 from London. is found here in great abundance. The whole of the dis- The only other place of any importance in this county is trict which bears the title of the "Isle of Ely," has the WISBEACH, a populous and well-built town; but it sustains same disadvantages as the Fens of Lincolnshire; namely, great loss and inconvenience from its river being only navibadness of water, and insalubrity of air; to which may be gable for large vessels to a point nearly six miles below it. added the disadvantage (though the soil is extremely fer- From this circumstance the town is obliged to employ an tile) of inundations, which frequently take place, and sweep immense number of barges, the lading and unlading of away the crops just as they have nearly arrived at perfection. which cause great expense and delay. Wisbeach is situated The south-western part of this county, verging towards in the Isle of Ely. It does a good trade in corn and Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire, is by far the most butter. pleasant and salubrious. It is also very fertile, and barley ROYSTON, a considerable town, is situated partly in being its most thriving crop, a great deal of malt is annually Cambridgeshire, and partly in Herts. Under the Marketsent hence to London, and other parts of England. This place is an ancient subterranean chapel, supposed to be of tract is also very fine in pasture; and the butter sold under Saxon construction. HENRY ANDREWS, the celebrated the title of Cambridge is sure of a good and ready market editor of " Moore's Almanack," died here in 1820. Royston in the Metropolis. The south-eastern part of this county, is 37 miles from London. bounded by Essex and Suffolk, is chiefly a wide expanse of level, and heath-like country, with a thin and gravelly soil. This tract is, consequently, devoted to sheep-walks. The woodlands are very small, the whole quantity of timber throughout the county scarcely amounting to 8000 acres, and those scattered through no less than seven parishes. The generality of the inhabitants derive their support from the various employments of agriculture; and the only manufacture worthy of notice is that of white bricks and coarse pottery in the neighbourhood of Ely. Some of the poorer class, however, procure a subsistence by spinning yarn for the Norwich weavers.

Its principal rivers are the Ouse and Cam. The first of these, called the southern or greater Ouse, takes its rise near Brackley, in Northamptonshire, passes through the counties of Buckingham, Bedford, Cambridge, and Norfolk, and falls into the Wash, a little below Lynn. It receives in its course the waters of the Cam and Little Ouse. The level nature of the country through which the Greater Ouse passes, renders its current remarkably slow.

Its towns are, CAMBRIDGE, Ely, Caxton, Linton, Wisbeach, Newmarket, Royston, and Soham.

CAMBRIDGE, the capital of the county, is large, but a

CAXTON is noted as the birth-place of WILLIAM CAXTON, the first printer in England, who died here in 1486; by some, however, this assertion is considered erroneous, for we have his own authority that he was born in Kent. Of this town also was MATTHEW PARIS, a celebrated historian. LINTON, SOHAM, and MARCH, are small towns, and but of little note. Soham is noted for the ruins of its ancient abbey. Near March have been found several hundred silver coins, which, from their dates, appeared to be more than two thousand years old.

NEWMARKET, which stands on the borders of the county, is partly in Cambridgeshire and partly in Suffolk, is noted for Horse-races, which have long been the undoing of many, and the enriching but of few. During the season, here is seen the oddest jumble of mankind the world ever saw; the wagoner in his straw boots often curses the nobleman with his star, for a bite; and peers of the realm think it no disgrace to hold their hands before the greasy pouch of a losing farmer or butcher. The chief part of the town is situated in Suffolk, but the whole of the race-course, on which the town principally depends for its support, is in this county. This place, notwithstanding its name, is of considerable antiquity; for in the time of EDWARD III.,

the

How different this is from the conduct of a polite British House of Commons, or Lords, where scarcely a day passes without some confusion, that makes the Speaker hoarse in calling to order; and how different from the mode of conversation in many polite companies of EUROPE, where, if An instance of this occurred at the Treaty of LANCASTER, you do not deliver your sentence with rapidity, you are cut in Pennsylvania, in the year 1744, between the Govern-off in the middle of it by the impatient loquacity of those you ment of VIRGINIA and the SIX NATIONS.

After the principal business was settled, the commissioners from VIRGINIA acquainted the INDIANS by a speech, that FITALITY.